A code execution vulnerability exists in the normal world’s signed code execution functionality of Microsoft Azure Sphere 20.07. A specially crafted AF_PACKET socket can cause a process to create an executable memory mapping with controllable content. An attacker can execute a shellcode that uses the PACKET_MMAP functionality to trigger this vulnerability.

The ShellExecute API in Windows Shell in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not properly implement file associations, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, as exploited in the wild in May 2014, aka "Windows Shell File Association Vulnerability."

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not properly control access to objects associated with font files, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted file, aka "Font Double-Fetch Vulnerability."

Double free vulnerability in the Ancillary Function Driver (AFD) in afd.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Ancillary Function Driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1 and Server 2008 R2 SP1 does not properly consider thread-owned objects during the processing of window handles, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Window Handle Vulnerability."

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 does not properly control access to thread-owned objects, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."

portcls.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Port-Class Driver Double Fetch Vulnerability."

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k NULL Page Vulnerability."

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3 and Server 2003 SP2 does not properly validate addresses, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Memory Corruption Vulnerability."

dxgkrnl.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "DirectX Graphics Kernel Subsystem Double Fetch Vulnerability."

The NICM.SYS kernel driver 3.1.11.0 in Novell Client 4.91 SP5 on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003; Novell Client 2 SP2 on Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008; and Novell Client 2 SP3 on Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows Server 2012 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted 0x143B6B IOCTL call.

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability."

Use-after-free vulnerability in win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7 SP1 on 64-bit platforms allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Use After Free Vulnerability."

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Multiple Fetch Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-1342, CVE-2013-1343, CVE-2013-1344, and CVE-2013-3865.

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Multiple Fetch Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-1342, CVE-2013-1343, CVE-2013-1344, and CVE-2013-3864.

Buffer overflow in win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application that leverages improper handling of objects in memory, aka "Win32k Buffer Overwrite Vulnerability."

The NT Virtual DOS Machine (NTVDM) subsystem in the kernel in Microsoft Windows XP SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows 7 SP1, and Windows 8 on 32-bit platforms does not properly validate kernel-memory addresses, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted application, aka "Windows Kernel Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-3197 and CVE-2013-3198.

Integer overflow in the NWFS.SYS kernel driver 4.91.5.8 in Novell Client 4.91 SP5 on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 and the NCPL.SYS kernel driver in Novell Client 2 SP2 on Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 and Novell Client 2 SP3 on Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows Server 2012 might allow local users to gain privileges via a crafted 0x1439EB IOCTL call.

A vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex One may allow a local attacker to manipulate the process of the security agent unload option (if configured), which then could be manipulated to gain a privilege escalation and code execution. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target in order to exploit this vulnerability.

The NT Virtual DOS Machine (NTVDM) subsystem in the kernel in Microsoft Windows XP SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows 7 SP1, and Windows 8 on 32-bit platforms does not properly validate kernel-memory addresses, which allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted application, aka "Windows Kernel Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-3196 and CVE-2013-3197.

Unquoted Windows search path vulnerability in the QEMU Guest Agent service for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop 6, HPC Node 6, Server 6, Workstation 6, Desktop Supplementary 6, Server Supplementary 6, Supplementary AUS 6.4, Supplementary EUS 6.4.z, and Workstation Supplementary 6, when installing on Windows, allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted program in an unspecified folder.

The Mozilla Maintenance Service in Mozilla Firefox before 22.0 on Windows does not properly handle inability to launch the Mozilla Updater executable file, which allows local users to gain privileges via vectors involving placement of a Trojan horse executable file at an arbitrary location.

Unspecified vulnerability in the kernel in Microsoft Windows 7 allows local users to gain privileges via unknown vectors, as demonstrated by Nils and Jon of MWR Labs during a Pwn2Own competition at CanSecWest 2013, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-0912.

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Memory Allocation Vulnerability."

<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles COM object creation. An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could run arbitrary code with elevated privileges.</p> <p>To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system. An attacker could then run a specially crafted application that could exploit the vulnerability and take control of an affected system.</p> <p>The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how the Windows COM Server creates COM objects.</p>

Windows Backup Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Vulnerability."

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Multiple Fetch Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-1342, CVE-2013-1344, CVE-2013-3864, and CVE-2013-3865.

The kernel in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Windows Kernel Reference Count Vulnerability."

Windows Backup Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

dxgkrnl.sys (aka the DirectX graphics kernel subsystem) in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "DirectX Graphics Kernel Subsystem Double Fetch Vulnerability."

Windows Update Orchestrator Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

<p>A security feature bypass vulnerability exists in the PowerShellGet V2 module. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could bypass WDAC (Windows Defender Application Control) policy and execute arbitrary code on a policy locked-down machine.</p> <p>An attacker must have administrator privileges to create a configuration that includes installing PowerShellGet V2 module onto a machine from the PowerShell Gallery. The WDAC policy must be configured to allow the module to run. After this is done, PowerShell script can be injected and run fully trusted, allowing the attacker arbitrary code execution on the machine.</p> <p>The update addresses the vulnerability by changing how URLs are processed.</p>

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, and Windows 8 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Multiple Fetch Vulnerability."

Azure Sphere Unsigned Code Execution Vulnerability

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Window Handle Vulnerability."

The Client/Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS) in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Server 2003 SP2, Vista SP2, and Server 2008 SP2 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "CSRSS Memory Corruption Vulnerability."

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Multiple Fetch Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-1343, CVE-2013-1344, CVE-2013-3864, and CVE-2013-3865.

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Dereference Vulnerability."

Race condition in the kernel in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application that leverages incorrect handling of objects in memory, aka "Kernel Race Condition Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-1279.

The USB kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows XP SP2 and SP3, Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, Windows 8, and Windows Server 2012 do not properly handle objects in memory, which allows physically proximate attackers to execute arbitrary code by connecting a crafted USB device, aka "Windows USB Descriptor Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-1286 and CVE-2013-1287.

Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

On Windows the Veyon Service before version 4.4.2 contains an unquoted service path vulnerability, allowing locally authenticated users with administrative privileges to run malicious executables with LocalSystem privileges. Since Veyon users (both students and teachers) usually don't have administrative privileges, this vulnerability is only dangerous in anyway unsafe setups. The problem has been fixed in version 4.4.2. As a workaround, the exploitation of the vulnerability can be prevented by revoking administrative privileges from all potentially untrustworthy users.

win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, R2, and R2 SP1, Windows 7 Gold and SP1, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, and Windows RT does not properly handle window broadcast messages, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Win32k Improper Message Handling Vulnerability."

The Client/Server Run-time Subsystem (CSRSS) in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 and R2 SP1 and Windows 7 Gold and SP1 does not properly handle objects in memory, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Reference Count Vulnerability."

The Microsoft Antimalware Client in Windows Defender on Windows 8 and Windows RT uses an incorrect pathname for MsMpEng.exe, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "Microsoft Antimalware Improper Pathname Vulnerability."

IIS 5.0 uses relative paths to find system files that will run in-process, which allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse file, aka the "System file listing privilege elevation" vulnerability.

Microsoft Word 2000 does not check AutoRecovery (.asd) files for macros, which allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary macros with the user ID of the Word user.

Microsoft Windows 2000 telnet service creates named pipes with predictable names and does not properly verify them, which allows local users to execute arbitrary commands by creating a named pipe with the predictable name and associating a malicious program with it, the first of two variants of this vulnerability.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows Error Reporting manager improperly handles a process crash, aka 'Windows Error Reporting Manager Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.