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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2016-9486

Summary
Assigner-certcc
Assigner Org ID-37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b
Published At-13 Jul, 2018 | 20:00
Updated At-06 Aug, 2024 | 02:50
Rejected At-
Credits

On Windows endpoints, the SecureConnector agent is vulnerable to privilege escalation whereby an authenticated unprivileged user can obtain administrator privileges on the endpoint because files are created in a folder with incorrect privileges

On Windows endpoints, the SecureConnector agent must run under the local SYSTEM account or another administrator account in order to enable full functionality of the agent. The typical configuration is for the agent to run as a Windows service under the local SYSTEM account. The SecureConnector agent runs various plugin scripts and executables on the endpoint in order to gather and report information about the host to the CounterACT management appliance. The SecureConnector agent downloads these scripts and executables as needed from the CounterACT management appliance and runs them on the endpoint. By default, these executable files are downloaded to and run from the %TEMP% directory of the currently logged on user, despite the fact that the SecureConnector agent is running as SYSTEM. Aside from the downloaded scripts, the SecureConnector agent runs a batch file with SYSTEM privileges from the temp directory of the currently logged on user. If the naming convention of this script can be derived, which is made possible by placing it in a directory to which the user has read access, it may be possible overwrite the legitimate batch file with a malicious one before SecureConnector executes it. It is possible to change this directory by setting the the configuration property config.script_run_folder.value in the local.properties configuration file on the CounterACT management appliance, however the batch file which is run does not follow this property.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:certcc
Assigner Org ID:37e5125f-f79b-445b-8fad-9564f167944b
Published At:13 Jul, 2018 | 20:00
Updated At:06 Aug, 2024 | 02:50
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
On Windows endpoints, the SecureConnector agent is vulnerable to privilege escalation whereby an authenticated unprivileged user can obtain administrator privileges on the endpoint because files are created in a folder with incorrect privileges

On Windows endpoints, the SecureConnector agent must run under the local SYSTEM account or another administrator account in order to enable full functionality of the agent. The typical configuration is for the agent to run as a Windows service under the local SYSTEM account. The SecureConnector agent runs various plugin scripts and executables on the endpoint in order to gather and report information about the host to the CounterACT management appliance. The SecureConnector agent downloads these scripts and executables as needed from the CounterACT management appliance and runs them on the endpoint. By default, these executable files are downloaded to and run from the %TEMP% directory of the currently logged on user, despite the fact that the SecureConnector agent is running as SYSTEM. Aside from the downloaded scripts, the SecureConnector agent runs a batch file with SYSTEM privileges from the temp directory of the currently logged on user. If the naming convention of this script can be derived, which is made possible by placing it in a directory to which the user has read access, it may be possible overwrite the legitimate batch file with a malicious one before SecureConnector executes it. It is possible to change this directory by setting the the configuration property config.script_run_folder.value in the local.properties configuration file on the CounterACT management appliance, however the batch file which is run does not follow this property.

Affected Products
Vendor
Microsoft CorporationMicrosoft
Product
Windows SecureConnector agent
Versions

unknown

  • N/A
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-379CWE-379
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-379
Description: CWE-379
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

The vendor has released the HPS Inspection Engine Plugin, version 10.4.1.1 to address the vulnerability.

Configurations
Workarounds
Exploits
Credits
Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By
Rejected Reason
References
HyperlinkResource
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/768331
third-party-advisory
x_refsource_CERT-VN
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94740
vdb-entry
x_refsource_BID
Hyperlink: https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/768331
Resource:
third-party-advisory
x_refsource_CERT-VN
Hyperlink: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94740
Resource:
vdb-entry
x_refsource_BID
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CVE Program Container
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions
Configurations
Workarounds
Exploits
Credits
Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By
Rejected Reason
References
HyperlinkResource
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/768331
third-party-advisory
x_refsource_CERT-VN
x_transferred
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94740
vdb-entry
x_refsource_BID
x_transferred
Hyperlink: https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/768331
Resource:
third-party-advisory
x_refsource_CERT-VN
x_transferred
Hyperlink: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94740
Resource:
vdb-entry
x_refsource_BID
x_transferred
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:cret@cert.org
Published At:13 Jul, 2018 | 20:29
Updated At:09 Oct, 2019 | 23:20

On Windows endpoints, the SecureConnector agent must run under the local SYSTEM account or another administrator account in order to enable full functionality of the agent. The typical configuration is for the agent to run as a Windows service under the local SYSTEM account. The SecureConnector agent runs various plugin scripts and executables on the endpoint in order to gather and report information about the host to the CounterACT management appliance. The SecureConnector agent downloads these scripts and executables as needed from the CounterACT management appliance and runs them on the endpoint. By default, these executable files are downloaded to and run from the %TEMP% directory of the currently logged on user, despite the fact that the SecureConnector agent is running as SYSTEM. Aside from the downloaded scripts, the SecureConnector agent runs a batch file with SYSTEM privileges from the temp directory of the currently logged on user. If the naming convention of this script can be derived, which is made possible by placing it in a directory to which the user has read access, it may be possible overwrite the legitimate batch file with a malicious one before SecureConnector executes it. It is possible to change this directory by setting the the configuration property config.script_run_folder.value in the local.properties configuration file on the CounterACT management appliance, however the batch file which is run does not follow this property.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Primary3.07.8HIGH
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary2.07.2HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
Type: Primary
Version: 3.0
Base score: 7.8
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Type: Primary
Version: 2.0
Base score: 7.2
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
CPE Matches
Forescout Technologies, Inc.
forescout
>>secureconnector>>-
cpe:2.3:a:forescout:secureconnector:-:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-264Primarynvd@nist.gov
CWE-379Secondarycret@cert.org
CWE ID: CWE-264
Type: Primary
Source: nvd@nist.gov
CWE ID: CWE-379
Type: Secondary
Source: cret@cert.org
Evaluator Description
Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements
References
HyperlinkSourceResource
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94740cret@cert.org
Third Party Advisory
VDB Entry
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/768331cret@cert.org
Third Party Advisory
US Government Resource
Hyperlink: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94740
Source: cret@cert.org
Resource:
Third Party Advisory
VDB Entry
Hyperlink: https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/768331
Source: cret@cert.org
Resource:
Third Party Advisory
US Government Resource

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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Rejected-Not Available
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Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.27% / 50.33%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
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Rejected-Not Available
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KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows AppX Deployment Server that allows file creation in arbitrary locations. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system, aka 'Microsoft Windows Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10WindowsWindows Server
CVE-2019-0881
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-4.15% / 88.41%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 May, 2019 | 18:17
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 17:58
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Kernel improperly handles key enumeration, aka 'Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008WindowsWindows ServerWindows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-522
Insufficiently Protected Credentials
CVE-2019-0685
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.55% / 67.39%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Apr, 2019 | 20:15
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 17:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Win32k component fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka 'Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0803, CVE-2019-0859.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10WindowsWindows Server
CVE-2019-1007
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.26% / 48.61%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Jun, 2019 | 13:49
Updated-20 May, 2025 | 18:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Audio Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

An elevation of privilege exists in Windows Audio Service. An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could run arbitrary code with elevated privileges. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker could run a specially crafted application that could exploit the vulnerability. This vulnerability by itself does not allow arbitrary code to be run. However, this vulnerability could be used in conjunction with one or more vulnerabilities (e.g. a remote code execution vulnerability and another elevation of privilege) that could take advantage of the elevated privileges when running. The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how the Windows Audio Service handles processes these requests.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server, version 1803 (Server Core Installation)Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2016Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1709 for 32-bit SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1607Windows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 1709Windows 10 Version 1703Windows 10 Version 1809
CWE ID-CWE-269
Improper Privilege Management
CVE-2019-0879
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-2.26% / 84.29%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Apr, 2019 | 20:20
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 17:58
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Jet Database Engine improperly handles objects in memory, aka 'Jet Database Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0846, CVE-2019-0847, CVE-2019-0851, CVE-2019-0877.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008WindowsWindows Server
CVE-2019-0570
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.84% / 74.29%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Jan, 2019 | 21:00
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 17:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Runtime improperly handles objects in memory, aka "Windows Runtime Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_10windows_server_2019Windows 10 ServersWindows Server 2012 R2Windows 10Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows Server 2019Windows RT 8.1Windows Server 2016
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2019-0943
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-4.45% / 88.80%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Jun, 2019 | 13:49
Updated-20 May, 2025 | 18:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows ALPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles calls to Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC). An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code in the security context of the local system. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system. An attacker could then run a specially crafted application that could exploit the vulnerability and take control over an affected system. The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how Windows handles calls to ALPC.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2012windows_server_2016windows_7windows_rt_8.1windows_server_2019windows_8.1windows_server_2008windows_10Windows Server 2008 R2 Systems Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server, version 1803 (Server Core Installation)Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2016Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows 7 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1709 for 32-bit SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1607Windows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1507Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1709Windows 8.1Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2012Windows 10 Version 1703Windows 7Windows 10 Version 1809
CVE-2019-0877
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-2.32% / 84.46%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Apr, 2019 | 20:20
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 17:58
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Jet Database Engine improperly handles objects in memory, aka 'Jet Database Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0846, CVE-2019-0847, CVE-2019-0851, CVE-2019-0879.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008WindowsWindows Server
CVE-2019-0696
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.27% / 50.33%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Apr, 2019 | 23:13
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 17:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka 'Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10WindowsWindows Server
CVE-2019-0841
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-82.65% / 99.21%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Apr, 2019 | 20:18
Updated-29 Oct, 2025 | 14:40
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2022-04-05||Apply updates per vendor instructions.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows AppX Deployment Service (AppXSVC) improperly handles hard links, aka 'Windows Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0730, CVE-2019-0731, CVE-2019-0796, CVE-2019-0805, CVE-2019-0836.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_10_1709windows_10_1703windows_10_1809windows_server_2019windows_server_2016windows_10_1803WindowsWindows ServerWindows
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2019-0999
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.27% / 50.33%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Jul, 2019 | 18:56
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 18:06
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when DirectX improperly handles objects in memory, aka 'DirectX Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_10WindowsWindows Server
CVE-2022-23299
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.56% / 67.58%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Mar, 2022 | 17:07
Updated-08 Jul, 2025 | 15:31
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows PDEV Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows PDEV Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_serverwindows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_11windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2022Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1909Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows 10 Version 1809Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 1607Windows 10 Version 20H2Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 21H2Windows Server version 20H2Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows Server 2016Windows 7Windows 11 version 21H2Windows 7 Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 21H1
CVE-2018-8641
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.40% / 60.00%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Dec, 2018 | 00:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Windows kernel-mode driver fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8639.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008Windows Server 2008 R2Windows 10 ServersWindows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2016Windows 10Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows 7Windows RT 8.1Windows Server 2008
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2018-8584
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-4.12% / 88.37%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Nov, 2018 | 01:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles calls to Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC), aka "Windows ALPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2016, Windows 10, Windows Server 2019, Windows 10 Servers.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10Windows Server 2019Windows 10Windows 10 ServersWindows Server 2016
CWE ID-CWE-367
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
CVE-2018-8589
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-46.26% / 97.56%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Nov, 2018 | 01:00
Updated-28 Oct, 2025 | 13:48
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2022-06-13||Apply updates per vendor instructions.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles calls to Win32k.sys, aka "Windows Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_7windows_server_2008Windows Server 2008Windows Server 2008 R2Windows 7Win32k
CVE-2018-8455
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.76% / 72.83%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Sep, 2018 | 00:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the way that the Windows Kernel handles objects in memory, aka "Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_10Windows 10 ServersWindows Server 2012 R2Windows 10Windows 8.1Windows RT 8.1Windows Server 2016
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2020-16913
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.55% / 67.39%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Oct, 2020 | 22:17
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 13:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Windows kernel-mode driver fails to properly handle objects in memory. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code in kernel mode. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.</p> <p>To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system. An attacker could then run a specially crafted application that could exploit the vulnerability and take control of an affected system.</p> <p>The update addresses this vulnerability by correcting how the Windows kernel-mode driver handles objects in memory.</p>

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10Windows 10 Version 2004Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1809Windows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows Server 2019Windows 10 Version 1709Windows 10 Version 1909Windows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1709 for 32-bit Systems
CVE-2018-8462
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.88% / 74.87%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Sep, 2018 | 00:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the DirectX Graphics Kernel (DXGKRNL) driver improperly handles objects in memory, aka "DirectX Graphics Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2016, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_10Windows 10 ServersWindows 10Windows Server 2016
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2018-8471
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.61% / 69.40%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Nov, 2018 | 01:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the way that the Microsoft RemoteFX Virtual GPU miniport driver handles objects in memory, aka "Microsoft RemoteFX Virtual GPU miniport driver Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2016, Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 7, Windows Server 2019.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019Windows 10Windows Server 2019Windows 8.1Windows 7Windows Server 2016
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2018-8639
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-8.4||HIGH
EPSS-31.88% / 96.69%
||
7 Day CHG-2.45%
Published-12 Dec, 2018 | 00:00
Updated-29 Oct, 2025 | 14:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2025-03-24||Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Win32k component fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8641.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_7windows_10_1709windows_10_1507windows_server_2012windows_server_2008windows_10_1703windows_10_1607windows_10_1809windows_server_2019windows_rt_8.1windows_8.1windows_server_2016windows_10_1803Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2008 R2Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows Server 2008Windows Server 2012 R2Windows RT 8.1Windows 10 ServersWindows 10Windows 7Windows Server 2016Windows
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2018-8562
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.57% / 67.91%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Nov, 2018 | 01:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Win32k component fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008Windows Server 2008 R2Windows 10 ServersWindows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2016Windows 10Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows 7Windows RT 8.1Windows Server 2008
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2020-16908
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.53% / 66.48%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Oct, 2020 | 22:17
Updated-15 Nov, 2024 | 16:59
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Setup Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows Setup in the way it handles directories.</p> <p>A locally authenticated attacker could run arbitrary code with elevated system privileges. After successfully exploiting the vulnerability, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.</p> <p>The security update addresses the vulnerability by ensuring Windows Setup properly handles directories.</p>

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_10Windows 10 Version 2004Windows 10 Version 1803Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1809Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows 10 Version 1909
CVE-2018-8554
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.63% / 69.76%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Nov, 2018 | 01:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when DirectX improperly handles objects in memory, aka "DirectX Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows 10 Servers, Windows 10, Windows Server 2019. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8485, CVE-2018-8561.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_serverwindows_server_2019windows_10Windows 10 ServersWindows 10Windows Server 2019
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2018-8611
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-16.36% / 94.69%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Dec, 2018 | 00:00
Updated-29 Oct, 2025 | 14:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2022-06-14||Apply updates per vendor instructions.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_7windows_10_1709windows_server_2012windows_server_2008windows_10_1703windows_10_1607windows_10_1809windows_server_2019windows_rt_8.1windows_8.1windows_server_2016windows_10_1803Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2008 R2Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows Server 2008Windows Server 2012 R2Windows RT 8.1Windows 10 ServersWindows 10Windows 7Windows Server 2016Windows
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2018-8561
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.64% / 70.17%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Nov, 2018 | 01:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when DirectX improperly handles objects in memory, aka "DirectX Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8485, CVE-2018-8554.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_10windows_server_2019Windows 10 ServersWindows Server 2012 R2Windows 10Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows Server 2019Windows RT 8.1Windows Server 2016
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2018-8485
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.64% / 70.17%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Nov, 2018 | 01:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when DirectX improperly handles objects in memory, aka "DirectX Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8554, CVE-2018-8561.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_10windows_server_2019Windows 10 ServersWindows Server 2012 R2Windows 10Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows Server 2019Windows RT 8.1Windows Server 2016
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2018-8484
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.52% / 66.43%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Oct, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the DirectX Graphics Kernel (DXGKRNL) driver improperly handles objects in memory, aka "DirectX Graphics Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019Windows 10 ServersWindows Server 2012 R2Windows 10Windows Server 2012Windows 8.1Windows Server 2019Windows RT 8.1Windows Server 2016
CWE ID-CWE-404
Improper Resource Shutdown or Release
CVE-2020-16960
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.51% / 65.95%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Dec, 2020 | 23:36
Updated-28 Aug, 2025 | 23:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Backup Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Backup Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2008windows_10windows_server_2016windows_7windows_server_2019Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 20H2Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 1607Windows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows 7 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2016Windows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 7Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server version 20H2Windows 10 Version 2004Windows Server 2019Windows 10 Version 1909Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)
CVE-2020-17074
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.37% / 58.41%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Nov, 2020 | 06:48
Updated-15 Nov, 2024 | 16:11
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Update Orchestrator Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Update Orchestrator Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_10Windows 10 Version 2004Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows Server version 20H2Windows 10 Version 1909Windows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 20H2
CVE-2020-17077
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.37% / 58.41%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Nov, 2020 | 06:48
Updated-10 Sep, 2024 | 15:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Update Stack Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Update Stack Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10Windows 10 Version 2004Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1809Windows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows Server 2019Windows Server version 20H2Windows 10 Version 1909Windows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 20H2
CVE-2020-16964
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.69% / 71.31%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Dec, 2020 | 23:36
Updated-28 Aug, 2025 | 23:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Backup Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Backup Engine Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2008windows_10windows_server_2016windows_7windows_server_2019Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 20H2Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 1607Windows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows 7 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2016Windows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 7Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server version 20H2Windows 10 Version 2004Windows Server 2019Windows 10 Version 1909Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)
CVE-2020-16935
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.74% / 72.51%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Oct, 2020 | 22:17
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 13:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows COM Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles COM object creation. An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could run arbitrary code with elevated privileges.</p> <p>To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system. An attacker could then run a specially crafted application that could exploit the vulnerability and take control of an affected system.</p> <p>The update addresses the vulnerability by correcting how the Windows COM Server creates COM objects.</p>

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008Windows 10 Version 1607Windows Server version 2004Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows 8.1Windows 7Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1709Windows 10 Version 1909Windows 7 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2016Windows 10 Version 2004Windows 10 Version 1507Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2019Windows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2012Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1709 for 32-bit Systems
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