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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2021-41057

Summary
Assigner-mitre
Assigner Org ID-8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca
Published At-14 Nov, 2021 | 20:21
Updated At-04 Aug, 2024 | 02:59
Rejected At-
Credits

In WIBU CodeMeter Runtime before 7.30a, creating a crafted CmDongles symbolic link will overwrite the linked file without checking permissions.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:mitre
Assigner Org ID:8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca
Published At:14 Nov, 2021 | 20:21
Updated At:04 Aug, 2024 | 02:59
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)

In WIBU CodeMeter Runtime before 7.30a, creating a crafted CmDongles symbolic link will overwrite the linked file without checking permissions.

Affected Products
Vendor
n/a
Product
n/a
Versions
Affected
  • n/a
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
textN/An/a
Type: text
CWE ID: N/A
Description: n/a
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://www.wibu.com/us/support/security-advisories.html
x_refsource_MISC
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-580693.pdf
x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://cdn.wibu.com/fileadmin/wibu_downloads/security_advisories/Advisory_WIBU-210910-01.pdf
x_refsource_CONFIRM
Hyperlink: https://www.wibu.com/us/support/security-advisories.html
Resource:
x_refsource_MISC
Hyperlink: https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-580693.pdf
Resource:
x_refsource_CONFIRM
Hyperlink: https://cdn.wibu.com/fileadmin/wibu_downloads/security_advisories/Advisory_WIBU-210910-01.pdf
Resource:
x_refsource_CONFIRM
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CVE Program Container
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://www.wibu.com/us/support/security-advisories.html
x_refsource_MISC
x_transferred
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-580693.pdf
x_refsource_CONFIRM
x_transferred
https://cdn.wibu.com/fileadmin/wibu_downloads/security_advisories/Advisory_WIBU-210910-01.pdf
x_refsource_CONFIRM
x_transferred
Hyperlink: https://www.wibu.com/us/support/security-advisories.html
Resource:
x_refsource_MISC
x_transferred
Hyperlink: https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-580693.pdf
Resource:
x_refsource_CONFIRM
x_transferred
Hyperlink: https://cdn.wibu.com/fileadmin/wibu_downloads/security_advisories/Advisory_WIBU-210910-01.pdf
Resource:
x_refsource_CONFIRM
x_transferred
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:cve@mitre.org
Published At:14 Nov, 2021 | 21:15
Updated At:17 Nov, 2021 | 18:49

In WIBU CodeMeter Runtime before 7.30a, creating a crafted CmDongles symbolic link will overwrite the linked file without checking permissions.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Primary3.17.1HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
Primary2.03.6LOW
AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:P
Type: Primary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.1
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
Type: Primary
Version: 2.0
Base score: 3.6
Base severity: LOW
Vector:
AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:P
CPE Matches

wibu
wibu
>>codemeter_runtime>>Versions before 7.30a(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:wibu:codemeter_runtime:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Microsoft Corporation
microsoft
>>windows>>-
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>pss_cape>>14
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:pss_cape:14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>pss_e>>Versions from 34.0.0(inclusive) to 34.9.1(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:pss_e:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>pss_e>>Versions from 35.0.0(inclusive) to 35.3.2(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:pss_e:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>pss_odms>>Versions before 12.2.6.1(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:pss_odms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>sicam_230>>Versions before 8.0(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:sicam_230:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>simatic_information_server>>Versions before 2019(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simatic_information_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>simatic_information_server>>2019
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simatic_information_server:2019:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>simatic_information_server>>2019
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simatic_information_server:2019:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>simatic_pcs_neo>>*
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simatic_pcs_neo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>simatic_process_historian>>Versions up to 2019(inclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simatic_process_historian:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>simatic_wincc_oa>>Versions up to 3.18(inclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simatic_wincc_oa:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Siemens AG
siemens
>>simit>>Versions up to 10.0(inclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:simit:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-59Primarynvd@nist.gov
CWE ID: CWE-59
Type: Primary
Source: nvd@nist.gov
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://cdn.wibu.com/fileadmin/wibu_downloads/security_advisories/Advisory_WIBU-210910-01.pdfcve@mitre.org
Mitigation
Vendor Advisory
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-580693.pdfcve@mitre.org
Third Party Advisory
https://www.wibu.com/us/support/security-advisories.htmlcve@mitre.org
Vendor Advisory
Hyperlink: https://cdn.wibu.com/fileadmin/wibu_downloads/security_advisories/Advisory_WIBU-210910-01.pdf
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Mitigation
Vendor Advisory
Hyperlink: https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-580693.pdf
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: https://www.wibu.com/us/support/security-advisories.html
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Vendor Advisory

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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Product-windows_server_2008Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)
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Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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EPSS-0.64% / 69.60%
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7 Day CHG~0.00%
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Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
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Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10Windows 10 Version 2004Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 1607Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2016Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2019Windows Server version 20H2Windows 10 Version 1909Windows 10 Version 20H2
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Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
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Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.18% / 40.22%
||
7 Day CHG-0.03%
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Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_11windows_10windows_server_2022windows_server_2019windows_server_2008Windows Server 2022Windows 10 Version 1607Windows 11 version 22H2Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows 11 version 21H2Windows 8.1Windows 7Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Windows 7 Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 20H2Windows Server 2016Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 21H2Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 22H2
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2022-21997
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.26% / 49.33%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Feb, 2022 | 16:36
Updated-02 Jan, 2025 | 18:28
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_serverwindows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_11windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008Windows Server 2022Windows 10 Version 1607Windows 10 Version 21H1Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows 11 version 21H2Windows 8.1Windows 7Windows Server version 20H2Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1909Windows 7 Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 20H2Windows Server 2016Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 21H2Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2024-0206
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Trellix
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Trellix
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.12% / 31.53%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Jan, 2024 | 12:56
Updated-17 Apr, 2025 | 17:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A symbolic link manipulation vulnerability in Trellix Anti-Malware Engine prior to the January 2024 release allows an authenticated local user to potentially gain an escalation of privileges. This was achieved by adding an entry to the registry under the Trellix ENS registry folder with a symbolic link to files that the user wouldn't normally have permission to. After a scan, the Engine would follow the links and remove the files

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft CorporationMusarubra US LLC (Trellix)
Product-windowsanti-malware_engineAnti-Malware Engine
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2022-30687
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Trend Micro, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Trend Micro, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.18% / 39.43%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 May, 2022 | 23:25
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 06:56
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Trend Micro Maximum Security 2022 is vulnerable to a link following vulnerability that could allow a low privileged local user to manipulate the product's secure erase feature to delete arbitrary files.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft CorporationTrend Micro Incorporated
Product-windowsmaximum_security_2022Trend Micro Maximum Security
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2025-25008
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.13% / 33.16%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Mar, 2025 | 16:59
Updated-01 Jul, 2025 | 19:48
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Improper link resolution before file access ('link following') in Microsoft Windows allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2022windows_server_2019windows_server_2025windows_server_2022_23h2windows_server_2016Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2016Windows Server 2022Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2025Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2020-16853
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.74% / 72.02%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Sep, 2020 | 17:08
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 13:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
OneDrive for Windows Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the OneDrive for Windows Desktop application improperly handles symbolic links. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could overwrite a targeted file with an elevated status.</p> <p>To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system. An attacker could then run a specially crafted application that could exploit the vulnerability and delete a targeted file with an elevated status.</p> <p>The update addresses this vulnerability by correcting where the OneDrive updater performs file writes while running with elevation.</p>

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-onedriveOneDrive for Windows
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2020-16851
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.54% / 66.56%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Sep, 2020 | 17:08
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 13:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
OneDrive for Windows Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the OneDrive for Windows Desktop application improperly handles symbolic links. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could overwrite a targeted file with an elevated status.</p> <p>To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system. An attacker could then run a specially crafted application that could exploit the vulnerability and delete a targeted file with an elevated status.</p> <p>The update addresses this vulnerability by correcting where the OneDrive updater performs file writes while running with elevation.</p>

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-onedriveOneDrive for Windows
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2025-21419
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.17% / 38.30%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Feb, 2025 | 17:58
Updated-12 Mar, 2025 | 01:42
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Setup Files Cleanup Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Setup Files Cleanup Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2022_23h2windows_server_2008windows_server_2025windows_10_1507windows_10_21h2windows_server_2022windows_10_1809windows_11_22h2windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_10_1607windows_server_2019windows_10_22h2windows_11_23h2windows_11_24h2Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2025Windows Server 2012Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 11 version 22H2Windows 10 Version 1607Windows Server 2022Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 21H2Windows 10 Version 22H2Windows 11 Version 23H2Windows Server 2016Windows Server 2012 R2Windows 11 version 22H3Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1809Windows 11 Version 24H2Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2025-21391
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-4.06% / 88.07%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Feb, 2025 | 17:58
Updated-30 Jul, 2025 | 01:36
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2025-03-04||Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Windows Storage Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Storage Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_10_1809windows_server_2022windows_10_1607windows_10_1507windows_server_2019windows_11_24h2windows_server_2022_23h2windows_10_22h2windows_10_21h2windows_11_22h2windows_11_23h2windows_server_2025Windows Server 2025Windows 10 Version 1809Windows 10 Version 22H2Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 1607Windows 11 Version 24H2Windows Server 2019Windows 10 Version 21H2Windows 11 version 22H2Windows 11 Version 23H2Windows Server 2022Windows Server 2016Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows 11 version 22H3Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)Windows
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2022-0012
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Palo Alto Networks, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Palo Alto Networks, Inc.
CVSS Score-6.1||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.04% / 10.77%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Jan, 2022 | 17:30
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 01:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Cortex XDR Agent: Local Arbitrary File Deletion Vulnerability

An improper link resolution before file access vulnerability exists in the Palo Alto Networks Cortex XDR agent on Windows platforms that enables a local user to delete arbitrary system files and impact the system integrity or cause a denial of service condition. This issue impacts: Cortex XDR agent 5.0 versions earlier than Cortex XDR agent 5.0.12; Cortex XDR agent 6.1 versions earlier than Cortex XDR agent 6.1.9; Cortex XDR agent 7.2 versions earlier than Cortex XDR agent 7.2.4; Cortex XDR agent 7.3 versions earlier than Cortex XDR agent 7.3.2.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Palo Alto Networks, Inc.Microsoft Corporation
Product-windowscortex_xdr_agentCortex XDR Agent
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2020-0789
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.30% / 53.15%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Mar, 2020 | 15:48
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 06:11
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A denial of service vulnerability exists when the Visual Studio Extension Installer Service improperly handles hard links, aka 'Visual Studio Extension Installer Service Denial of Service Vulnerability'.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-visual_studio_2019Microsoft Visual Studio 2019Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 version 16.4 (includes 16.0 - 16.3)
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2020-0730
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.54% / 66.56%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Feb, 2020 | 21:23
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 06:11
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows User Profile Service (ProfSvc) improperly handles symlinks, aka 'Windows User Profile Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008WindowsWindows 10 Version 1909 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows ServerWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1909 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1909 for 32-bit Systems
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2023-36876
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.10% / 28.70%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Aug, 2023 | 17:08
Updated-01 Jan, 2025 | 01:58
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Reliability Analysis Metrics Calculation (RacTask) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Reliability Analysis Metrics Calculation (RacTask) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2008Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2023-36046
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.21% / 43.44%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Nov, 2023 | 17:57
Updated-29 Apr, 2025 | 23:34
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Authentication Denial of Service Vulnerability

Windows Authentication Denial of Service Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_11_21h2windows_11_22h2windows_server_2022windows_11_23h2Windows 11 version 21H2Windows 11 version 22H3Windows 11 Version 23H2Windows 11 version 22H2Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2021-44024
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Trend Micro, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-Trend Micro, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.06% / 17.26%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Jan, 2022 | 15:51
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 04:10
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A link following denial-of-service vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex One (on-prem and SaaS) and Trend Micro Worry-Free Business Security (10.0 SP1 and Services) could allow a local attacker to overwrite arbitrary files in the context of SYSTEM. Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft CorporationTrend Micro Incorporated
Product-apex_onewindowsworry-free_business_securityworry-free_business_security_servicesTrend Micro Apex OneTrend Micro Worry-Free Business Security
CWE ID-CWE-59
Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CVE-2017-5409
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.07% / 21.71%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Jun, 2018 | 21:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 14:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The Mozilla Windows updater can be called by a non-privileged user to delete an arbitrary local file by passing a special path to the callback parameter through the Mozilla Maintenance Service, which has privileged access. Note: This attack requires local system access and only affects Windows. Other operating systems are not affected. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 45.8 and Firefox < 52.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Mozilla CorporationMicrosoft Corporation
Product-firefoxwindowsfirefox_esrFirefoxFirefox ESR
CWE ID-CWE-269
Improper Privilege Management
CVE-2021-43239
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.17% / 38.93%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Dec, 2021 | 14:15
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 03:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Recovery Environment Agent Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Recovery Environment Agent Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_serverwindows_11windows_10windows_server_2016Windows Server 2022Windows 10 Version 2004Windows 10 Version 21H2Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 21H1Windows 11 version 21H2Windows Server version 20H2Windows 10 Version 20H2
CVE-2021-43211
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.55% / 67.02%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-24 Nov, 2021 | 01:05
Updated-18 Nov, 2024 | 20:20
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows 10 Update Assistant Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows 10 Update Assistant Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_10_update_assistantWindows Update Assistant
CWE ID-CWE-269
Improper Privilege Management
CVE-2017-13680
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Symantec - A Division of Broadcom
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Symantec - A Division of Broadcom
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.10% / 28.62%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-06 Nov, 2017 | 23:00
Updated-20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Prior to SEP 12.1 RU6 MP9 & SEP 14 RU1 Symantec Endpoint Protection Windows endpoint can encounter a situation whereby an attacker could use the product's UI to perform unauthorized file deletes on the resident file system.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Symantec CorporationMicrosoft Corporation
Product-endpoint_protectionwindowsSymantec Endpoint Protection
CVE-2002-1692
Matching Score-8
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-3.6||LOW
EPSS-0.32% / 54.21%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-21 Jun, 2005 | 04:00
Updated-03 Apr, 2025 | 01:03
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Buffer overflow in backup utility of Microsoft Windows 95 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code by causing a filename with a long extension to be placed in a folder to be backed up.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aMicrosoft Corporation
Product-windows_95n/a
CVE-2001-0006
Matching Score-8
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.13% / 33.00%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-07 May, 2001 | 04:00
Updated-03 Apr, 2025 | 01:03
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The Winsock2ProtocolCatalogMutex mutex in Windows NT 4.0 has inappropriate Everyone/Full Control permissions, which allows local users to modify the permissions to "No Access" and disable Winsock network connectivity to cause a denial of service, aka the "Winsock Mutex" vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aMicrosoft Corporation
Product-windows_ntn/a
CWE ID-CWE-732
Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
CVE-2021-1729
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.18% / 40.30%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Mar, 2021 | 14:58
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 16:18
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Update Stack Setup Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Update Stack Setup Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10Windows 10 Version 2004Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 1803Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server, version 1909 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2019Windows Server version 20H2Windows 10 Version 1909Windows 10 Version 20H2
CWE ID-CWE-269
Improper Privilege Management
CVE-2021-1060
Matching Score-8
Assigner-NVIDIA Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-NVIDIA Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.05% / 15.16%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Jan, 2021 | 15:05
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 15:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

NVIDIA vGPU software contains a vulnerability in the guest kernel mode driver and vGPU plugin, in which an input index is not validated, which may lead to tampering of data or denial of service. This affects vGPU version 8.x (prior to 8.6) and version 11.0 (prior to 11.3).

Action-Not Available
Vendor-nutanixRed Hat, Inc.Citrix (Cloud Software Group, Inc.)VMware (Broadcom Inc.)Microsoft CorporationNVIDIA CorporationLinux Kernel Organization, Inc
Product-linux_kernelenterprise_linux_kernel-based_virtual_machinehypervisorwindowsvirtual_gpu_managervsphereahvNVIDIA Virtual GPU Software
CWE ID-CWE-20
Improper Input Validation
CVE-2021-1072
Matching Score-8
Assigner-NVIDIA Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-NVIDIA Corporation
CVSS Score-6||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.03% / 8.48%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-05 Feb, 2021 | 19:40
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 15:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

NVIDIA GeForce Experience, all versions prior to 3.21, contains a vulnerability in GameStream (rxdiag.dll) where an arbitrary file deletion due to improper handling of log files may lead to denial of service.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-NVIDIA CorporationMicrosoft Corporation
Product-windowsgeforce_experienceNVIDIA GeForce Experience Software
CVE-2024-0770
Matching Score-8
Assigner-VulDB
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-VulDB
CVSS Score-4.4||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.01% / 1.63%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-21 Jan, 2024 | 23:00
Updated-30 May, 2025 | 14:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
European Chemicals Agency IUCLID Desktop Installer iuclid6.exe default permission

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in European Chemicals Agency IUCLID 7.10.3 on Windows. Affected is an unknown function of the file iuclid6.exe of the component Desktop Installer. The manipulation leads to incorrect default permissions. The attack needs to be approached locally. VDB-251670 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-echa.europaEuropean Chemicals AgencyMicrosoft Corporation
Product-iuclidwindowsIUCLID
CWE ID-CWE-276
Incorrect Default Permissions
CVE-2017-1105
Matching Score-8
Assigner-IBM Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-IBM Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.07% / 20.46%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-27 Jun, 2017 | 16:00
Updated-20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

IBM DB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows 9.2, 10.1, 10.5, and 11.1 (includes DB2 Connect Server) is vulnerable to a buffer overflow that could allow a local user to overwrite DB2 files or cause a denial of service. IBM X-Force ID: 120668.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-IBM CorporationLinux Kernel Organization, IncMicrosoft Corporation
Product-data_server_driver_for_odbc_and_clidata_server_runtime_clientlinux_kerneldb2_connectdb2data_server_driver_packagedata_server_clientwindowsDB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows
CWE ID-CWE-119
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
CVE-2023-6407
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Schneider Electric
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Schneider Electric
CVSS Score-5.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.06% / 17.03%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Dec, 2023 | 05:02
Updated-02 Aug, 2024 | 08:28
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability exists that could cause arbitrary file deletion upon service restart when accessed by a local and low-privileged attacker.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_10_1507easy_ups_online_monitoring_softwarewindows_11_21h2windows_server_2022windows_server_2019Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2019-1289
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.21% / 43.79%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Sep, 2019 | 21:25
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 18:13
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Update Delivery Optimization does not properly enforce file share permissions, aka 'Windows Update Delivery Optimization Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_10WindowsWindows ServerWindows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2019-1161
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.56% / 67.40%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Aug, 2019 | 20:55
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 18:06
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Microsoft Defender Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the MpSigStub.exe for Defender allows file deletion in arbitrary locations. To exploit the vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system. An attacker could then run a specially crafted command that could exploit the vulnerability and delete protected files on an affected system once MpSigStub.exe ran again. The update addresses the vulnerability and blocks the arbitrary deletion.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-security_essentialswindows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7system_center_endpoint_protectionwindows_10windows_server_2008windows_defenderforefront_endpoint_protection_2010Microsoft Forefront Endpoint Protection 2010Windows DefenderMicrosoft System Center 2012 R2 Endpoint ProtectionMicrosoft System Center Endpoint ProtectionMicrosoft Security EssentialsMicrosoft System Center 2012 Endpoint Protection
CVE-2019-1454
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.28% / 51.04%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-24 Jan, 2020 | 20:50
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 18:20
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows User Profile Service (ProfSvc) improperly handles symlinks, aka 'Windows User Profile Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2019windows_server_2008WindowsWindows ServerWindows 10 Version 1903 for x64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for ARM64-based SystemsWindows 10 Version 1903 for 32-bit SystemsWindows Server, version 1903 (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-269
Improper Privilege Management
CVE-2021-36961
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.28% / 50.62%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Sep, 2021 | 11:23
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 01:09
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Installer Denial of Service Vulnerability

Windows Installer Denial of Service Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2022windows_server_2019windows_server_2008Windows Server 2022Windows 10 Version 1607Windows Server version 2004Windows 10 Version 21H1Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows 8.1Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Windows 7Windows Server version 20H2Windows 10 Version 1909Windows 7 Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 20H2Windows Server 2016Windows 10 Version 2004Windows 10 Version 1507Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)
CVE-2023-21750
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.58% / 67.81%
||
7 Day CHG-0.11%
Published-10 Jan, 2023 | 00:00
Updated-01 Jan, 2025 | 00:36
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_10_21h2windows_10_1809windows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_server_2008windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_11_21h2windows_7windows_10_22h2windows_server_2022windows_10_20h2windows_11_22h2windows_server_2019windows_10_1607Windows Server 2022Windows 10 Version 1607Windows 11 version 22H2Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows 10 Version 1809Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)Windows 11 version 21H2Windows 8.1Windows 7Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)Windows 7 Service Pack 1Windows 10 Version 20H2Windows Server 2016Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 21H2Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Windows 10 Version 22H2
CWE ID-CWE-284
Improper Access Control
CVE-2023-21752
Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-8
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-45.91% / 97.54%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Jan, 2023 | 00:00
Updated-01 Jan, 2025 | 00:36
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Backup Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Windows Backup Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_7windows_11windows_10Windows 10 Version 1607Windows 10 Version 1507Windows 10 Version 21H2Windows 7 Service Pack 1Windows 11 version 22H2Windows 10 Version 1809Windows 11 version 21H2Windows 7Windows 10 Version 22H2Windows 10 Version 20H2
CWE ID-CWE-284
Improper Access Control
CVE-2018-1799
Matching Score-8
Assigner-IBM Corporation
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Matching Score-8
Assigner-IBM Corporation
CVSS Score-6.2||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.07% / 22.88%
||
7 Day CHG-0.00%
Published-09 Nov, 2018 | 00:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 23:56
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

IBM DB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows (includes DB2 Connect Server) 9.7, 10.1, 10.5, and 11.1 could allow a local unprivileged user to overwrite files on the system which could cause damage to the database. IBM X-Force ID: 149429.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-IBM CorporationLinux Kernel Organization, IncMicrosoft Corporation
Product-windowsdb2linux_kernelDB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows
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