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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2025-41276

Summary
Assigner-Nozomi
Assigner Org ID-bec8025f-a851-46e5-b3a3-058e6b0aa23c
Published At-29 May, 2026 | 10:57
Updated At-29 May, 2026 | 13:40
Rejected At-
Credits

Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in the Console WebUI in Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX Hosts in version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:Nozomi
Assigner Org ID:bec8025f-a851-46e5-b3a3-058e6b0aa23c
Published At:29 May, 2026 | 10:57
Updated At:29 May, 2026 | 13:40
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)

Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in the Console WebUI in Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX Hosts in version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device.

Affected Products
Vendor
Waterfall
Product
WF-500
Default Status
unaffected
Versions
Affected
  • From 0 through 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 (semver)
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-78CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-78
Description: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
4.09.3CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Version: 4.0
Base score: 9.3
Base severity: CRITICAL
Vector:
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
CAPEC-88CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection
CAPEC ID: CAPEC-88
Description: CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

finder
Luca Borzacchiello at Nozomi Networks
Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2025-41276
third-party-advisory
Hyperlink: https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2025-41276
Resource:
third-party-advisory
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:prodsec@nozominetworks.com
Published At:29 May, 2026 | 12:16
Updated At:29 May, 2026 | 14:06

Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') in the Console WebUI in Waterfall WF-500 TX and RX Hosts in version 7.9.1.0 R2502171040 that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Secondary4.09.3CRITICAL
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Type: Secondary
Version: 4.0
Base score: 9.3
Base severity: CRITICAL
Vector:
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
CPE Matches

Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-78Primaryprodsec@nozominetworks.com
CWE ID: CWE-78
Type: Primary
Source: prodsec@nozominetworks.com
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2025-41276prodsec@nozominetworks.com
N/A
Hyperlink: https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2025-41276
Source: prodsec@nozominetworks.com
Resource: N/A

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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Matching Score-4
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-9.3||CRITICAL
EPSS-0.35% / 57.69%
||
7 Day CHG-0.07%
Published-30 Dec, 2025 | 22:41
Updated-14 May, 2026 | 02:06
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
MiniDVBLinux 5.4 Remote Root Command Execution via commands.sh

MiniDVBLinux 5.4 contains a remote command execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands as root through the 'command' GET parameter. Attackers can exploit the /tpl/commands.sh endpoint by sending malicious command values to gain root-level system access.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-minidvblinuxMiniDVBLinux
Product-minidvblinuxMiniDVBLinux
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2015-10141
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-9.3||CRITICAL
EPSS-63.98% / 98.45%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Jul, 2025 | 13:53
Updated-15 May, 2026 | 11:14
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Xdebug Remote Debugger Unauthenticated OS Command Execution

An unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists within Xdebug versions 2.5.5 and earlier, a PHP debugging extension developed by Derick Rethans. When remote debugging is enabled, Xdebug listens on port 9000 and accepts debugger protocol commands without authentication. An attacker can send a crafted eval command over this interface to execute arbitrary PHP code, which may invoke system-level functions such as system() or passthru(). This results in full compromise of the host under the privileges of the web server user.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Xdebug
Product-Xdebug
CWE ID-CWE-306
Missing Authentication for Critical Function
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2013-10048
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-9.3||CRITICAL
EPSS-73.23% / 98.81%
||
7 Day CHG+13.39%
Published-01 Aug, 2025 | 20:39
Updated-15 May, 2026 | 11:14
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
D-Link Devices command.php Unauthenticated RCE

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in various legacy D-Link routers—including DIR-300 rev B and DIR-600 (firmware ≤ 2.13 and ≤ 2.14b01, respectively)—due to improper input handling in the unauthenticated command.php endpoint. By sending specially crafted POST requests, a remote attacker can execute arbitrary shell commands with root privileges, allowing full takeover of the device. This includes launching services such as Telnet, exfiltrating credentials, modifying system configuration, and disrupting availability. The flaw stems from the lack of authentication and inadequate sanitation of the cmd parameter.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-D-Link Corporation
Product-dir-600dir-300_firmwaredir-600_firmwaredir-300DIR-600DIR-300
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2013-10037
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-9.3||CRITICAL
EPSS-77.06% / 98.98%
||
7 Day CHG+9.85%
Published-31 Jul, 2025 | 15:01
Updated-07 Apr, 2026 | 14:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
WebTester 5.x install2.php Unauthenticated Command Execution

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in WebTester version 5.x via the install2.php installation script. The parameters cpusername, cppassword, and cpdomain are passed directly to shell commands without sanitization. A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a crafted HTTP POST request, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the underlying system with web server privileges.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Eppler Software
Product-WebTester
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2013-10049
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-9.3||CRITICAL
EPSS-76.02% / 98.94%
||
7 Day CHG+20.57%
Published-01 Aug, 2025 | 20:47
Updated-07 Apr, 2026 | 14:03
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Raidsonic NAS Devices Unauthenticated Remote Command Execution

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in multiple Raidsonic NAS devices—specifically tested on IB-NAS5220 and IB-NAS4220—via the unauthenticated timeHandler.cgi endpoint exposed through the web interface. The CGI script fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the timeZone parameter of a POST request, allowing remote attackers to inject arbitrary shell commands.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Raidsonic Technology GmbH
Product-IB-NAS4220IB-NAS5220
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-2421
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Carrier Global Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Carrier Global Corporation
CVSS Score-9.3||CRITICAL
EPSS-0.72% / 72.68%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 May, 2024 | 17:24
Updated-02 Feb, 2026 | 13:11
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
LenelS2 NetBox Improper Neutralization of Special Elements

LenelS2 NetBox access control and event monitoring system was discovered to contain an unauthenticated RCE in versions prior to and including 5.6.1, which allows an attacker to execute malicious commands with elevated permissions.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-LenelS2carrierHoneywell International Inc.
Product-lenels2_netboxNetBoxlenels2_netbox
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
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