Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct ptrace system calls to issue writes to GPU origin read only memory.

Kernel software installed and running inside an untrusted/rich execution environment (REE) could leak information from the trusted execution environment (TEE).

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to subvert GPU HW to write to arbitrary physical memory pages.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to subvert GPU HW to write to arbitrary physical memory pages. Under certain circumstances this exploit could be used to corrupt data pages not allocated by the GPU driver but memory pages in use by the kernel and drivers running on the platform altering their behaviour.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to allow unprivileged access to arbitrary physical memory page.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user can trigger the GPU kernel driver to write to arbitrary read-only system files that have been mapped into application memory.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to issue reads and writes to arbitrary physical memory pages. Under certain circumstances this exploit could be used to corrupt data pages not allocated by the GPU driver but memory pages in use by the kernel and drivers running on the platform, altering their behaviour.