Logo
-

Byte Open Security

(ByteOS Network)

Log In

Sign Up

ByteOS

Security
Vulnerability Details
Registries
Custom Views
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Filters & Tools
Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2025-48936

Summary
Assigner-GitHub_M
Assigner Org ID-a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa
Published At-30 May, 2025 | 06:30
Updated At-30 May, 2025 | 13:06
Rejected At-
Credits

ZITADEL Allows Account Takeover via Malicious X-Forwarded-Proto Header Injection

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:GitHub_M
Assigner Org ID:a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa
Published At:30 May, 2025 | 06:30
Updated At:30 May, 2025 | 13:06
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
ZITADEL Allows Account Takeover via Malicious X-Forwarded-Proto Header Injection

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2.

Affected Products
Vendor
zitadel
Product
zitadel
Versions
Affected
  • < 2.70.12
  • >= 2.71.0, <= 2.71.10
  • >= 3.0.0-rc1, < 3.2.2
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-601CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-601
Description: CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
3.18.1HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Version: 3.1
Base score: 8.1
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-93m4-mfpg-c3xf
x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/c097887bc5f680e12c998580fb56d98a15758f53
x_refsource_MISC
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-93m4-mfpg-c3xf
Resource:
x_refsource_CONFIRM
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/c097887bc5f680e12c998580fb56d98a15758f53
Resource:
x_refsource_MISC
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:security-advisories@github.com
Published At:30 May, 2025 | 07:15
Updated At:04 Jun, 2025 | 18:31

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Secondary3.18.1HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Primary3.18.8HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Type: Secondary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 8.1
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Type: Primary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 8.8
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CPE Matches

zitadel
zitadel
>>zitadel>>Versions from 2.0.0(inclusive) to 2.70.12(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel
zitadel
>>zitadel>>Versions from 2.71.0(inclusive) to 2.71.11(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
zitadel
zitadel
>>zitadel>>Versions from 3.0.0(inclusive) to 3.2.2(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-601Primarysecurity-advisories@github.com
CWE-77Primarynvd@nist.gov
CWE ID: CWE-601
Type: Primary
Source: security-advisories@github.com
CWE ID: CWE-77
Type: Primary
Source: nvd@nist.gov
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/c097887bc5f680e12c998580fb56d98a15758f53security-advisories@github.com
Patch
https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-93m4-mfpg-c3xfsecurity-advisories@github.com
Patch
Vendor Advisory
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/c097887bc5f680e12c998580fb56d98a15758f53
Source: security-advisories@github.com
Resource:
Patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-93m4-mfpg-c3xf
Source: security-advisories@github.com
Resource:
Patch
Vendor Advisory

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

Similar CVEs

60Records found

CVE-2023-30535
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.3||HIGH
EPSS-2.25% / 83.93%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Apr, 2023 | 19:30
Updated-06 Feb, 2025 | 18:41
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Snowflake JDBC vulnerable to command injection via SSO URL authentication

Snowflake JDBC provides a JDBC type 4 driver that supports core functionality, allowing Java program to connect to Snowflake. Users of the Snowflake JDBC driver were vulnerable to a command injection vulnerability. An attacker could set up a malicious, publicly accessible server which responds to the SSO URL with an attack payload. If the attacker then tricked a user into visiting the maliciously crafted connection URL, the user’s local machine would render the malicious payload, leading to a remote code execution. The vulnerability was patched on March 17, 2023 as part of Snowflake JDBC driver Version 3.13.29. All users should immediately upgrade the Snowflake JDBC driver to the latest version: 3.13.29.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-snowflakesnowflakedb
Product-snowflake_jdbcsnowflake-jdbc
CWE ID-CWE-20
Improper Input Validation
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CVE-2019-12805
Matching Score-4
Assigner-KrCERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-KrCERT/CC
CVSS Score-8.8||HIGH
EPSS-2.41% / 84.48%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Aug, 2019 | 16:11
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 19:05
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
NC Launcher 2 Arbitrary Command Injection Vulnerability

NCSOFT Game Launcher, NC Launcher2 2.4.1.691 and earlier versions have a vulnerability in the custom protocol handler that could allow remote attacker to execute arbitrary command. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious web page. This can be leveraged for code execution in the context of the current user.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-ncsoftNCSOFT
Product-nc_launcher2NC Launcher2
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CVE-2024-6377
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dassault Systèmes
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dassault Systèmes
CVSS Score-8.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.10% / 28.79%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Aug, 2024 | 13:45
Updated-27 Aug, 2024 | 08:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
URL redirection to untrusted site (open redirect) vulnerability affecting 3DPassport in 3DSwymer from Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2022x through Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x

An URL redirection to untrusted site (open redirect) vulnerability affecting 3DPassport in 3DSwymer from Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2022x through Release 3DEXPERIENCE R2024x allows an attacker to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Dassault Systèmes S.E. (3DS)
Product-3dexperience3DSwymer3dswymer_3dexperience_20233dswymer_3dexperience_20223dswymer_3dexperience_2024
CWE ID-CWE-601
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CVE-2019-0541
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-8.8||HIGH
EPSS-84.14% / 99.26%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Jan, 2019 | 21:00
Updated-30 Jul, 2025 | 01:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2022-05-03||Apply updates per vendor instructions.

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the MSHTML engine inproperly validates input, aka "MSHTML Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability." This affects Microsoft Office, Microsoft Office Word Viewer, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 11, Microsoft Excel Viewer, Internet Explorer 10, Office 365 ProPlus.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_10_1607excel_vieweroffice_365_propluswindows_10_1803windows_server_2019office_word_viewerinternet_explorerwindows_8.1officewindows_10_1703windows_7windows_rt_8.1windows_10_1507windows_10_1709windows_10_1809windows_server_2008windows_server_2016windows_server_2012Internet Explorer 11Internet Explorer 9Microsoft OfficeOfficeMicrosoft Excel ViewerMicrosoft Office Word ViewerInternet Explorer 10MSHTML
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CVE-2022-32154
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Splunk Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Splunk Inc.
CVSS Score-6.8||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.29% / 52.16%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Jun, 2022 | 16:48
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 20:11
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Risky commands warnings in Splunk Enterprise Dashboards

Dashboards in Splunk Enterprise versions before 9.0 might let an attacker inject risky search commands into a form token when the token is used in a query in a cross-origin request. The result bypasses SPL safeguards for risky commands. See New capabilities can limit access to some custom and potentially risky commands (https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/Splunk/9.0.0/Security/SPLsafeguards#New_capabilities_can_limit_access_to_some_custom_and_potentially_risky_commands) for more information. Note that the attack is browser-based and an attacker cannot exploit it at will.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Splunk LLC (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
Product-splunksplunk_cloud_platformSplunk EnterpriseSplunk Cloud Platform
CWE ID-CWE-20
Improper Input Validation
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CVE-2020-13664
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Drupal.org
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Drupal.org
CVSS Score-8.8||HIGH
EPSS-1.32% / 79.03%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-05 May, 2021 | 14:56
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 12:25
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Arbitrary PHP code execution vulnerability in Drupal Core under certain circumstances. An attacker could trick an administrator into visiting a malicious site that could result in creating a carefully named directory on the file system. With this directory in place, an attacker could attempt to brute force a remote code execution vulnerability. Windows servers are most likely to be affected. This issue affects: Drupal Drupal Core 8.8.x versions prior to 8.8.8; 8.9.x versions prior to 8.9.1; 9.0.1 versions prior to 9.0.1.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-The Drupal Association
Product-drupalDrupal Core
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CVE-2024-51442
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-8.8||HIGH
EPSS-19.28% / 95.14%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Jan, 2025 | 00:00
Updated-08 Jan, 2025 | 20:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Command Injection in Minidlna version v1.3.3 and before allows an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands via a specially crafted minidlna.conf configuration file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/a
Product-n/a
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CVE-2024-45981
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-8.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.15% / 36.79%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Sep, 2024 | 00:00
Updated-26 Sep, 2024 | 19:35
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A host header injection vulnerability in BookReviewLibrary 1.0 allows attackers to obtain the password reset token via user interaction with a crafted password reset link.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/abookreviewlibrary
Product-n/abookreviewlibrary
CWE ID-CWE-601
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CVE-2024-45979
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-8.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.14% / 34.02%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Sep, 2024 | 00:00
Updated-26 Sep, 2024 | 19:35
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A host header injection vulnerability in Lines Police CAD 1.0 allows attackers to obtain the password reset token via user interaction with a crafted password reset link. This allows attackers to arbitrarily reset other users' passwords and compromise their accounts.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/alpc
Product-n/alines_police_cad
CWE ID-CWE-601
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
CVE-2024-29946
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Splunk Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Splunk Inc.
CVSS Score-8.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.45% / 62.64%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-27 Mar, 2024 | 16:15
Updated-28 Feb, 2025 | 11:03
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Risky command safeguards bypass in Dashboard Examples Hub

In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.2.1, 9.1.4, and 9.0.9, the Dashboard Examples Hub lacks protections for risky SPL commands. This could let attackers bypass SPL safeguards for risky commands in the Hub. The vulnerability would require the attacker to phish the victim by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Splunk LLC (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
Product-splunkSplunk Cloud PlatformSplunk Enterprisesplunkcloud
CWE ID-CWE-20
Improper Input Validation
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
  • Previous
  • 1
  • 2
  • Next
Details not found