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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2026-10667

Summary
Assigner-zephyr
Assigner Org ID-e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad
Published At-12 Jul, 2026 | 16:16
Updated At-14 Jul, 2026 | 18:38
Rejected At-
Credits

SMP use-after-free in Zephyr `CONFIG_USERSPACE` dynamic kernel-object tracking, reachable from unprivileged user threads

Zephyr's dynamic kernel-object tracking (kernel/userspace/userspace.c, formerly kernel/userspace.c) maintains a doubly-linked list (obj_list) of dynamically allocated kernel objects. Iteration over this list in k_object_wordlist_foreach() was performed under lists_lock using the SAFE iterator (which caches the next node), but list removal and freeing of nodes was performed under different, disjoint spinlocks: objfree_lock in k_object_free() and obj_lock in unref_check(). On an SMP system, while one CPU iterated obj_list under lists_lock, another CPU could unlink and k_free() the dyn_obj node that the iterator had cached as its next pointer, causing the iterator to dereference freed kernel memory (use-after-free / dangling list traversal). All of the racing operations are reachable from unprivileged user-mode threads via system calls: k_object_alloc/k_object_alloc_size and k_object_release drive removals through unref_check() (under obj_lock), while k_thread_abort and thread creation drive the iteration through k_thread_perms_all_clear()/k_thread_perms_inherit() (under lists_lock). A deprivileged user thread on a CONFIG_SMP + CONFIG_USERSPACE build can therefore corrupt the kernel's object-tracking structures across the userspace security boundary, yielding kernel memory corruption (potential privilege escalation) or a kernel crash (denial of service). The fix removes objfree_lock and serializes every obj_list modification under lists_lock, including holding it across find+remove in k_object_free() and around unref_check() in k_thread_perms_clear(). Affects CONFIG_SMP+CONFIG_USERSPACE+CONFIG_DYNAMIC_OBJECTS configurations; the defect dates to the 2019 spinlockification (commit 8a3d57b6cc6, first released in v1.14.0) and shipped through v4.4.0.

Vendors
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Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
â–¼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:zephyr
Assigner Org ID:e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad
Published At:12 Jul, 2026 | 16:16
Updated At:14 Jul, 2026 | 18:38
Rejected At:
â–¼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
SMP use-after-free in Zephyr `CONFIG_USERSPACE` dynamic kernel-object tracking, reachable from unprivileged user threads

Zephyr's dynamic kernel-object tracking (kernel/userspace/userspace.c, formerly kernel/userspace.c) maintains a doubly-linked list (obj_list) of dynamically allocated kernel objects. Iteration over this list in k_object_wordlist_foreach() was performed under lists_lock using the SAFE iterator (which caches the next node), but list removal and freeing of nodes was performed under different, disjoint spinlocks: objfree_lock in k_object_free() and obj_lock in unref_check(). On an SMP system, while one CPU iterated obj_list under lists_lock, another CPU could unlink and k_free() the dyn_obj node that the iterator had cached as its next pointer, causing the iterator to dereference freed kernel memory (use-after-free / dangling list traversal). All of the racing operations are reachable from unprivileged user-mode threads via system calls: k_object_alloc/k_object_alloc_size and k_object_release drive removals through unref_check() (under obj_lock), while k_thread_abort and thread creation drive the iteration through k_thread_perms_all_clear()/k_thread_perms_inherit() (under lists_lock). A deprivileged user thread on a CONFIG_SMP + CONFIG_USERSPACE build can therefore corrupt the kernel's object-tracking structures across the userspace security boundary, yielding kernel memory corruption (potential privilege escalation) or a kernel crash (denial of service). The fix removes objfree_lock and serializes every obj_list modification under lists_lock, including holding it across find+remove in k_object_free() and around unref_check() in k_thread_perms_clear(). Affects CONFIG_SMP+CONFIG_USERSPACE+CONFIG_DYNAMIC_OBJECTS configurations; the defect dates to the 2019 spinlockification (commit 8a3d57b6cc6, first released in v1.14.0) and shipped through v4.4.0.

Affected Products
Vendor
Zephyr Projectzephyrproject
Product
zephyr
Collection URL
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr
Package Name
zephyr
Program Files
  • kernel/userspace/userspace.c
Default Status
unaffected
Versions
Affected
  • From 1.14.0 before 4.5.0 (semver)
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-416use-after-free
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-416
Description: use-after-free
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
3.17.8HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.8
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/fdc42fa256b8c2a7b27790f032d5385f8058c4a9
patch
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9x5j-h3rh-x579
N/A
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/fdc42fa256b8c2a7b27790f032d5385f8058c4a9
Resource:
patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9x5j-h3rh-x579
Resource: N/A
â–¼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9x5j-h3rh-x579
exploit
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9x5j-h3rh-x579
Resource:
exploit
Information is not available yet
â–¼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
Published At:12 Jul, 2026 | 17:16
Updated At:16 Jul, 2026 | 20:19

Zephyr's dynamic kernel-object tracking (kernel/userspace/userspace.c, formerly kernel/userspace.c) maintains a doubly-linked list (obj_list) of dynamically allocated kernel objects. Iteration over this list in k_object_wordlist_foreach() was performed under lists_lock using the SAFE iterator (which caches the next node), but list removal and freeing of nodes was performed under different, disjoint spinlocks: objfree_lock in k_object_free() and obj_lock in unref_check(). On an SMP system, while one CPU iterated obj_list under lists_lock, another CPU could unlink and k_free() the dyn_obj node that the iterator had cached as its next pointer, causing the iterator to dereference freed kernel memory (use-after-free / dangling list traversal). All of the racing operations are reachable from unprivileged user-mode threads via system calls: k_object_alloc/k_object_alloc_size and k_object_release drive removals through unref_check() (under obj_lock), while k_thread_abort and thread creation drive the iteration through k_thread_perms_all_clear()/k_thread_perms_inherit() (under lists_lock). A deprivileged user thread on a CONFIG_SMP + CONFIG_USERSPACE build can therefore corrupt the kernel's object-tracking structures across the userspace security boundary, yielding kernel memory corruption (potential privilege escalation) or a kernel crash (denial of service). The fix removes objfree_lock and serializes every obj_list modification under lists_lock, including holding it across find+remove in k_object_free() and around unref_check() in k_thread_perms_clear(). Affects CONFIG_SMP+CONFIG_USERSPACE+CONFIG_DYNAMIC_OBJECTS configurations; the defect dates to the 2019 spinlockification (commit 8a3d57b6cc6, first released in v1.14.0) and shipped through v4.4.0.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Secondary3.17.8HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
N/A
Type: Secondary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.8
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Type: N/A
Version:
Base score:
Base severity: N/A
Vector:
CPE Matches

Zephyr Project
zephyrproject
>>zephyr>>Versions from 1.14.0(inclusive) to 4.4.1(inclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:zephyrproject:zephyr:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-416Secondaryvulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
CWE ID: CWE-416
Type: Secondary
Source: vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/fdc42fa256b8c2a7b27790f032d5385f8058c4a9vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
Patch
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9x5j-h3rh-x579vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
Exploit
Patch
Vendor Advisory
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9x5j-h3rh-x579134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Exploit
Patch
Vendor Advisory
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/fdc42fa256b8c2a7b27790f032d5385f8058c4a9
Source: vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
Resource:
Patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9x5j-h3rh-x579
Source: vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
Resource:
Exploit
Patch
Vendor Advisory
Hyperlink: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-9x5j-h3rh-x579
Source: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Resource:
Exploit
Patch
Vendor Advisory

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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