OS Command Injection vulnerability in bbultman gitsome through 0.2.3 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted tag name of the target git repository.

NCSOFT Game Launcher, NC Launcher2 2.4.1.691 and earlier versions have a vulnerability in the custom protocol handler that could allow remote attacker to execute arbitrary command. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious web page. This can be leveraged for code execution in the context of the current user.

gosnowflake is th Snowflake Golang driver. Prior to version 1.6.19, a command injection vulnerability exists in the Snowflake Golang driver via single sign-on (SSO) browser URL authentication. In order to exploit the potential for command injection, an attacker would need to be successful in (1) establishing a malicious resource and (2) redirecting users to utilize the resource. The attacker could set up a malicious, publicly accessible server which responds to the SSO URL with an attack payload. If the attacker then tricked a user into visiting the maliciously crafted connection URL, the user’s local machine would render the malicious payload, leading to a remote code execution. This attack scenario can be mitigated through URL whitelisting as well as common anti-phishing resources. A patch is available in version 1.6.19.

Brook is a cross-platform programmable network tool. The `tproxy` server is vulnerable to a drive-by command injection. An attacker may fool a victim into visiting a malicious web page which will trigger requests to the local `tproxy` service leading to remote code execution. A patch is available in version 20230606.

lifion-verify-dependencies through 1.1.0 is vulnerable to OS command injection via a crafted dependency name on the scanned project's package.json file.

phpFileManager 0.9.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted URL.

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2.

Snowflake JDBC provides a JDBC type 4 driver that supports core functionality, allowing Java program to connect to Snowflake. Users of the Snowflake JDBC driver were vulnerable to a command injection vulnerability. An attacker could set up a malicious, publicly accessible server which responds to the SSO URL with an attack payload. If the attacker then tricked a user into visiting the maliciously crafted connection URL, the user’s local machine would render the malicious payload, leading to a remote code execution. The vulnerability was patched on March 17, 2023 as part of Snowflake JDBC driver Version 3.13.29. All users should immediately upgrade the Snowflake JDBC driver to the latest version: 3.13.29.

Pi-Hole 4.3 allows Command Injection.

The Zoom Client before 4.4.53932.0709 on macOS allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-13450. If the ZoomOpener daemon (aka the hidden web server) is running, but the Zoom Client is not installed or can't be opened, an attacker can remotely execute code with a maliciously crafted launch URL. NOTE: ZoomOpener is removed by the Apple Malware Removal Tool (MRT) if this tool is enabled and has the 2019-07-10 MRTConfigData.

An OS command injection vulnerability in the web management interface of certain ASUS router models allows remote authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary system commands via a crafted parameter. Refer to the 'Security Update for ASUS Router Firmware' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.

Ghidra versions prior to 12.0.3 improperly process annotation directives embedded in automatically extracted binary data, resulting in arbitrary command execution when an analyst interacts with the UI. Specifically, the @execute annotation (which is intended for trusted, user-authored comments) is also parsed in comments generated during auto-analysis (such as CFStrings in Mach-O binaries). This allows a crafted binary to present seemingly benign clickable text which, when clicked, executes attacker-controlled commands on the analyst’s machine.

Two OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the urvpn_client cmd_name_action functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially crafted network request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This OS command injection is triggered through a UDP packet.

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the MSHTML engine inproperly validates input, aka "MSHTML Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability." This affects Microsoft Office, Microsoft Office Word Viewer, Internet Explorer 9, Internet Explorer 11, Microsoft Excel Viewer, Internet Explorer 10, Office 365 ProPlus.

In Splunk Enterprise versions below 8.1.13, 8.2.10, and 9.0.4, the ‘display.page.search.patterns.sensitivity’ search parameter lets a search bypass SPL safeguards for risky commands. The vulnerability requires a higher privileged user to initiate a request within their browser and only affects instances with Splunk Web enabled.

An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QUSBCam2. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QUSBCam2 2.0.3 ( 2023/06/15 ) and later

pgAdmin 4 versions up to 9.9 are affected by a command injection vulnerability on Windows systems. This issue is caused by the use of shell=True during backup and restore operations, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by providing specially crafted file path input.

A command injection flaw was found in the text editor Emacs. It could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary shell commands on a vulnerable system. Exploitation is possible by tricking users into visiting a specially crafted website or an HTTP URL with a redirect.

git-fastclone before 1.0.1 permits arbitrary shell command execution from .gitmodules. If an attacker can instruct a user to run a recursive clone from a repository they control, they can get a client to run an arbitrary shell command. Alternately, if an attacker can MITM an unencrypted git clone, they could exploit this. The ext command will be run if the repository is recursively cloned or if submodules are updated. This attack works when cloning both local and remote repositories.

The "gitDiff" function in Wayfair git-parse <=1.0.4 has a command injection vulnerability. Clients of the git-parse library are unlikely to be aware of this, so they might unwittingly write code that contains a vulnerability. The issue has been resolved in version 1.0.5.

Okta Advanced Server Access Client versions 1.13.1 through 1.65.0 are vulnerable to command injection due to the third party library webbrowser. An outdated library, webbrowser, used by the ASA client was found to be vulnerable to command injection. To exploit this issue, an attacker would need to phish the user to enter an attacker controlled server URL during enrollment.

Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection') vulnerability in TUBITAK BILGEM Software Technologies Research Institute Pardus OS My Computer allows OS Command Injection. This issue affects Pardus OS My Computer: from <=0.7.5 before 0.8.0.

Toshiba ConfigFree 8.0.38 has a CF7 File Remote Command Execution Vulnerability

Super-linter is a combination of multiple linters to run as a GitHub Action or standalone. From 6.0.0 to 8.3.0, the Super-linter GitHub Action is vulnerable to command injection via crafted filenames. When this action is used in downstream GitHub Actions workflows, an attacker can submit a pull request that introduces a file whose name contains shell command substitution syntax, such as $(...). In affected Super-linter versions, runtime scripts may execute the embedded command during file discovery processing, enabling arbitrary command execution in the workflow runner context. This can be used to disclose the job’s GITHUB_TOKEN depending on how the workflow configures permissions. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.3.1.

Command Injection in Minidlna version v1.3.3 and before allows an attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands via a specially crafted minidlna.conf configuration file.

radare2-mcp version 1.6.0 and earlier contains an os command injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by bypassing the command filter through shell metacharacters in user-controlled input passed to r2_cmd_str(). Attackers can inject shell metacharacters through the jsonrpc interface parameters to achieve remote code execution on the host running radare2-mcp without requiring authentication.

An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-1130 devices. The device provides a user with the capability of setting a SMB folder for the video clippings recorded by the device. It seems that the POST parameters passed in this request (to test if email credentials and hostname sent to the device work properly) result in being passed as commands to a "system" API in the function and thus result in command injection on the device. If the firmware version is dissected using binwalk tool, we obtain a cramfs-root archive which contains the filesystem set up on the device that contains all the binaries. The library "libmailutils.so" is the one that has the vulnerable function "sub_1FC4" that receives the values sent by the POST request. If we open this binary in IDA-pro we will notice that this follows an ARM little endian format. The function sub_1FC4 in IDA pro is identified to be receiving the values sent in the POST request and the value set in POST parameter "receiver1" is extracted in function "sub_15AC" which is then passed to the vulnerable system API call. The vulnerable library function is accessed in "cgibox" binary at address 0x00023BCC which calls the "Send_mail" function in "libmailutils.so" binary as shown below which results in the vulnerable POST parameter being passed to the library which results in the command injection issue.

Markdown Preview Enhanced before 0.8.28 opens external files and links from the preview through a shell and does not validate untrusted inputs taken from the markdown document - the diagram filename attribute, imported file paths, and the latex_engine code-chunk attribute. On Windows, a crafted markdown document can inject operating system commands that execute when the document is previewed. Fixed in 0.8.28 by passing these inputs as literal arguments instead of through a shell and validating them before use.

The package Snyk CLI before 1.1294.0 is vulnerable to Code Injection when scanning an untrusted Gradle project. The vulnerability can be triggered if Snyk test is run inside the untrusted project due to the improper handling of the current working directory name. Snyk recommends only scanning trusted projects.

Tabby (formerly Terminus) is a highly configurable terminal emulator. Prior to 1.0.233, Tabby registers itself as the handler for the tabby:// URL scheme on all platforms. The URL scheme handler supports a run command that directly executes OS commands with no user confirmation, sanitization, or sandboxing. An attacker can craft a malicious link (tabby://run?command=...) and deliver it via a website, email, chat message, or any other medium. When a victim clicks the link, the OS launches Tabby which immediately spawns the specified command as a child process with the user's full privileges. This is a zero-click-after-link-visit RCE vulnerability. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.233.

ChangingTec ServiSign component has insufficient filtering for special characters in the connection response parameter. An unauthenticated remote attacker can host a malicious website for the component user to access, which triggers command injection and allows the attacker to execute arbitrary system command to perform arbitrary system operation or disrupt service.

The CRUDDIY project is vulnerable to shell command injection via sending a crafted POST request to the application server.  The exploitation risk is limited since CRUDDIY is meant to be launched locally. Nevertheless, a user with the project running on their computer might visit a website which would send such a malicious request to the locally launched server.

BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Prior to 1.4.39, a malicious bentofile.yaml containing a newline-injected value in envs[*].name produces unquoted RUN directives in the BentoML-generated Dockerfile. When the victim runs bentoml containerize on the imported bento, those RUN directives execute on the host during docker build. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.39.

BentoML is a Python library for building online serving systems optimized for AI apps and model inference. Prior to 1.4.39, src/bentoml/_internal/container/frontend/dockerfile/templates/base_v2.j2 interpolates docker.base_image raw with no escaping, newline filtering, or validation. A malicious bento.yaml with a multi-line docker.base_image value smuggles arbitrary Dockerfile directives into the generated Dockerfile, and bentoml containerize then runs docker build which executes the injected RUN directives on the victim host. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.39.

Session fixation in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

PraisonAIAgents is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 1.5.128, he memory hooks executor in praisonaiagents passes a user-controlled command string directly to subprocess.run() with shell=True at src/praisonai-agents/praisonaiagents/memory/hooks.py. No sanitization is performed and shell metacharacters are interpreted by /bin/sh before the intended command executes. Two independent attack surfaces exist. The first is via pre_run_command and post_run_command hook event types registered through the hooks configuration. The second and more severe surface is the .praisonai/hooks.json lifecycle configuration, where hooks registered for events such as BEFORE_TOOL and AFTER_TOOL fire automatically during agent operation. An agent that gains file-write access through prompt injection can overwrite .praisonai/hooks.json and have its payload execute silently at every subsequent lifecycle event without further user interaction. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.5.128.

@pensar/apex <= 0.0.58 is vulnerable to OS command injection via the smart_enumerate tool. The createSmartEnumerateTool() function in src/core/agent/tools.ts constructs a shell command by concatenating unsanitized values from the extensions array and url parameter into a string passed to Node.js child_process.exec(). Because exec() spawns a shell, shell metacharacters in those values are interpreted by the host shell, resulting in arbitrary OS command execution with the privileges of the running process. NOTE: this is disputed by the Supplier because the report is about intended behavior, as explained in the Security Policy of the pensarai/apex GitHub repo.

A privilege escalation exists in UniFi Video Controller =<3.10.6 that would allow an attacker on the local machine to run arbitrary commands.

The ZoomLauncher binary in the Zoom client for Linux before 2.0.115900.1201 does not properly sanitize user input when constructing a shell command, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging the zoommtg:// scheme handler.

Intake is a package for finding, investigating, loading and disseminating data. Prior to version 2.0.9, the shell() syntax within parameter default values appears to be automatically expanded during the catalog parsing process. If a catalog contains a parameter default such as shell(<command>), the command may be executed when the catalog source is accessed. This means that if a user loads a malicious catalog YAML, embedded commands could execute on the host system. Version 2.0.9 mitigates the issue by making getshell False by default everywhere.

Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. Prior to 2.0 ,if a visited website contains maliciously crafted instructions, the model may attempt to follow them in order to “assist” the user. When combined with a bypass of the command whitelist mechanism, such indirect prompt injections could result in commands being executed automatically, without the user’s explicit intent, thereby posing a significant security risk. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.0.

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

File::Find::Rule through 0.34 for Perl is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution when `grep()` encounters a crafted filename. A file handle is opened with the 2 argument form of `open()` allowing an attacker controlled filename to provide the MODE parameter to `open()`, turning the filename into a command to be executed. Example: $ mkdir /tmp/poc; echo > "/tmp/poc/|id" $ perl -MFile::Find::Rule \     -E 'File::Find::Rule->grep("foo")->in("/tmp/poc")' uid=1000(user) gid=1000(user) groups=1000(user),100(users)

A vulnerability in the HTTP API subsystem of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow a remote attacker to inject commands that will execute with root privileges into the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker with administrative privileges could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to an affected system and performing an API call with crafted input. Alternatively, an unauthenticated attacker could persuade a legitimate user with administrative privileges who is currently logged in to the system to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands as the root user.

Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. Versions 1.0 through 2.2.26 and 2.3 through 2.9.5 contain a command injection vulnerability in the Perforce::syncCodeBase() method, which appends the $sourceReference parameter to a shell command without proper escaping, and additionally in the Perforce::generateP4Command() method as in GHSA-wg36-wvj6-r67p / CVE-2026-40176, which interpolates user-supplied Perforce connection parameters (port, user, client) from the source url field without proper escaping. An attacker can inject arbitrary commands through crafted source reference or source url values containing shell metacharacters, even if Perforce is not installed. Unlike CVE-2026-40176, the source reference and url are provided as part of package metadata, meaning any compromised or malicious Composer repository can serve package metadata declaring perforce as a source type with malicious values. This vulnerability is exploitable when installing or updating dependencies from source, including the default behavior when installing dev-prefixed versions. This issue has been fixed in Composer 2.2.27 (2.2 LTS) and 2.9.6 (mainline). If developers are unable to immediately update, they can avoid installing dependencies from source by using --prefer-dist or the preferred-install: dist config setting, and only use trusted Composer repositories as a workaround.

yt-dlp is a command-line audio/video downloader. Starting in version 2023.06.21 and prior to version 2026.02.21, when yt-dlp's `--netrc-cmd` command-line option (or `netrc_cmd` Python API parameter) is used, an attacker could achieve arbitrary command injection on the user's system with a maliciously crafted URL. yt-dlp maintainers assume the impact of this vulnerability to be high for anyone who uses `--netrc-cmd` in their command/configuration or `netrc_cmd` in their Python scripts. Even though the maliciously crafted URL itself will look very suspicious to many users, it would be trivial for a maliciously crafted webpage with an inconspicuous URL to covertly exploit this vulnerability via HTTP redirect. Users without `--netrc-cmd` in their arguments or `netrc_cmd` in their scripts are unaffected. No evidence has been found of this exploit being used in the wild. yt-dlp version 2026.02.21 fixes this issue by validating all netrc "machine" values and raising an error upon unexpected input. As a workaround, users who are unable to upgrade should avoid using the `--netrc-cmd` command-line option (or `netrc_cmd` Python API parameter), or they should at least not pass a placeholder (`{}`) in their `--netrc-cmd` argument.

Ghostty is a cross-platform terminal emulator. Ghostty allows control characters such as 0x03 (Ctrl+C) in pasted and dropped text. These can be used to execute arbitrary commands in some shell environments. This attack requires an attacker to convince the user to copy and paste or drag and drop malicious text. The attack requires user interaction to be triggered, but the dangerous characters are invisible in most GUI environments so it isn't trivially detected, especially if the string contents are complex. Fixed in Ghostty v1.3.0.

OpenClaw is a personal AI assistant. Versions 2026.1.8 through 2026.2.13 have a command injection in the maintainer/dev script `scripts/update-clawtributors.ts`. The issue affects contributors/maintainers (or CI) who run `bun scripts/update-clawtributors.ts` in a source checkout that contains a malicious commit author email (e.g. crafted `@users[.]noreply[.]github[.]com` values). Normal CLI usage is not affected (`npm i -g openclaw`): this script is not part of the shipped CLI and is not executed during routine operation. The script derived a GitHub login from `git log` author metadata and interpolated it into a shell command (via `execSync`). A malicious commit record could inject shell metacharacters and execute arbitrary commands when the script is run. Version 2026.2.14 contains a patch.

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Bitdefender SafePay 23.0.10.34. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the processing of tiscript. When processing the System.Exec method the application does not properly validate a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-7234.