Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. It is hosted by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) as an Incubating Level Project. Dragonfly uses JWT to verify user. However, the secret key for JWT, "Secret Key", is hard coded, which leads to authentication bypass. An attacker can perform any action as a user with admin privileges. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.0.9. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

The secret used for validating authentication tokens is hardcoded in device firmware for affected versions. An attacker who obtains the signing key can bypass authentication, gaining complete access to the system.

Code Dx versions prior to 2023.4.2 are vulnerable to user impersonation attack where a malicious actor is able to gain access to another user's account by crafting a custom "Remember Me" token. This is possible due to the use of a hard-coded cipher which was used when generating the token. A malicious actor who creates this token can supply it to a separate Code Dx system, provided they know the username they want to impersonate, and impersonate the user.  Score 6.7 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

Dpanel is a Docker visualization panel system which provides complete Docker management functions. The Dpanel service contains a hardcoded JWT secret in its default configuration, allowing attackers to generate valid JWT tokens and compromise the host machine. This security flaw allows attackers to analyze the source code, discover the embedded secret, and craft legitimate JWT tokens. By forging these tokens, an attacker can successfully bypass authentication mechanisms, impersonate privileged users, and gain unauthorized administrative access. Consequently, this enables full control over the host machine, potentially leading to severe consequences such as sensitive data exposure, unauthorized command execution, privilege escalation, or further lateral movement within the network environment. This issue is patched in version 1.6.1. A workaround for this vulnerability involves replacing the hardcoded secret with a securely generated value and load it from secure configuration storage.

In ZKT ZKBio CVSecurity 6.4.1_R an unauthenticated attacker can craft JWT token using the hardcoded secret to authenticate to the service console. NOTE: the Supplier disputes the significance of this report because the service console is typically only accessible from a local area network, and because access to the service console does not result in login access or data access in the context of the application software platform.

Use of hard-coded cryptographic key vulnerability in QSAN Storage Manager allows attackers to obtain users’ credentials and related permissions. Suggest contacting with QSAN and refer to recommendations in QSAN Document.

The JWT secret key is embedded in the egOS WebGUI backend and is readable to the default user. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate valid HS256 tokens and bypass authentication/authorization due to the use of hard-coded cryptographic key.

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 22.0.1026 and Application prior to version 20.0.2702 (only VA deployments) expose an unauthenticated firmware-upload flow: a public page returns a signed token usable at va-api/v1/update, and every Docker image contains the appliance’s private GPG key and hard-coded passphrase. An attacker who extracts the key and obtains a token can decrypt, modify, re-sign, upload, and trigger malicious firmware, gaining remote code execution. This vulnerability has been identified by the vendor as: V-2024-020 — Remote Code Execution.

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) before Virtual Appliance Host 22.0.843 Application 20.0.1923 allows Hardcoded IdP Key V-2023-006.

A vulnerability has been identified in Opcenter Quality (All versions < V12.2), QMS Automotive (All versions < V12.30). A private sign key is shipped with the product without adequate protection.

Ovarro TBox TWinSoft uses the custom hardcoded user “TWinSoft” with a hardcoded key.

Intumit SmartRobot uses a fixed encryption key for authentication. Remote attackers can use this key to encrypt a string composed of the user's name and timestamp to generate an authentication code. With this authentication code, they can obtain administrator privileges and subsequently execute arbitrary code on the remote server using built-in system functionality.

The use of multiple hard-coded cryptographic keys in cSRX Series software in Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker to take control of any instance of a cSRX deployment through device management services. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS on cSRX Series: All versions prior to 20.2R3; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R2; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R2.

Rockwell Automation MicroLogix 1400 Controllers Series B v21.001 and prior, Series A, all versions, MicroLogix 1100 Controller, all versions, RSLogix 500 Software v12.001 and prior, The cryptographic key utilized to help protect the account password is hard coded into the RSLogix 500 binary file. An attacker could identify cryptographic keys and use it for further cryptographic attacks that could ultimately lead to a remote attacker gaining unauthorized access to the controller.

Horner Automation’s RCC 972 with firmware version 15.40 has a static encryption key on the device. This could allow an attacker to perform unauthorized changes to the device, remotely execute arbitrary code, or cause a denial-of-service condition.

Dell EMC SCG Policy Manager, versions from 5.10 to 5.12, contain(s) a contain a Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability.  An attacker with the knowledge of the hard-coded sensitive information, could potentially exploit this vulnerability to login to the system to gain LDAP user privileges.

Dell EMC SCG Policy Manager, versions from 5.10 to 5.12, contain(s) a contain a Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability. An attacker with the knowledge of the hard-coded sensitive information, could potentially exploit this vulnerability to login to the system to gain admin privileges.

Dell EMC SCG Policy Manager, versions from 5.10 to 5.12, contain(s) a contain a Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability. An attacker with the knowledge of the hard-coded sensitive information, could potentially exploit this vulnerability to login to the system to gain admin privileges.

Advantech WISE-DeviceOn Server versions prior to 5.4 contain a hard-coded cryptographic key vulnerability. The product uses a static HS512 HMAC secret for signing EIRMMToken JWTs across all installations. The server accepts forged JWTs that need only contain a valid email claim, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to generate arbitrary tokens and impersonate any DeviceOn account, including the root super admin. Successful exploitation permits full administrative control of the DeviceOn instance and can be leveraged to execute code on managed agents through DeviceOn’s remote management features.

Gladinet CentreStack through 16.1.10296.56315 (fixed in 16.4.10315.56368) has a deserialization vulnerability due to the CentreStack portal's hardcoded machineKey use, as exploited in the wild in March 2025. This enables threat actors (who know the machineKey) to serialize a payload for server-side deserialization to achieve remote code execution. NOTE: a CentreStack admin can manually delete the machineKey defined in portal\web.config.

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host and Application (VA/SaaS deployments) contain an undocumented 'printerlogic' user with a hardcoded SSH public key in '~/.ssh/authorized_keys' and a sudoers rule granting the printerlogic_ssh group 'NOPASSWD: ALL'. Possession of the matching private key gives an attacker root access to the appliance.