Software installed and run as a non-privileged user can trigger the GPU kernel driver to write to arbitrary read-only system files that have been mapped into application memory.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to trigger use-after-free kernel exceptions.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to trigger use-after-free kernel exceptions.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct GPU system calls to read and write freed physical memory from the GPU.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct GPU system calls to read and write freed physical memory from the GPU.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to achieve unauthorised reads and writes of physical memory from the GPU HW.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to allow unprivileged access to arbitrary physical memory page.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct improper GPU system calls to gain access to the graphics buffers of a parent process.

Software installed and run as a non-privileged user may conduct GPU system calls to read and write freed physical memory from the GPU.