sudo 1.6.0 through 1.6.3p7 does not properly clear the environment before calling the mail program, which could allow local users to gain root privileges by modifying environment variables and changing how the mail program is invoked.
sudo 1.5.x allows local users to execute arbitrary commands via a .. (dot dot) attack.
dbus_backend/ls-dbus-backend in the D-Bus backend in language-selector before 0.6.7 does not restrict access on the basis of a PolicyKit check result, which allows local users to modify the /etc/default/locale and /etc/environment files via a (1) SetSystemDefaultLangEnv or (2) SetSystemDefaultLanguageEnv call.
The logrotation script (/etc/cron.daily/upstart) in the Ubuntu Upstart package before 1.13.2-0ubuntu9, as used in Ubuntu Vivid 15.04, allows local users to execute arbitrary commands and gain privileges via a crafted file in /run/user/*/upstart/sessions/.
The (1) python-vm-builder and (2) ubuntu-vm-builder implementations in VMBuilder 0.9 in Ubuntu 8.10 omit the -e option when invoking chpasswd with a root:! argument, which configures the root account with a cleartext password of ! (exclamation point) and allows attackers to bypass intended login restrictions.
Ubuntu 6.06 LTS, 7.10, 8.04 LTS, and 8.10, when installed as a virtual machine by (1) python-vm-builder or (2) ubuntu-vm-builder in VMBuilder 0.9 in Ubuntu 8.10, have ! (exclamation point) as the default root password, which allows attackers to bypass intended login restrictions.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the cons_options function in options.c in dhcpd in OpenBSD 4.0 through 4.2, and some other dhcpd implementations based on ISC dhcp-2, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via a DHCP request specifying a maximum message size smaller than the minimum IP MTU.
sudo, when linked with MIT Kerberos 5 (krb5), does not properly check whether a user can currently authenticate to Kerberos, which allows local users to gain privileges, in a manner unintended by the sudo security model, via certain KRB5_ environment variable settings. NOTE: another researcher disputes this vulnerability, stating that the attacker must be "a user, who can already log into your system, and can already use sudo."
passwd before 1:4.0.13 on Ubuntu 6.06 LTS leaves the root password blank instead of locking it when the administrator selects the "Go Back" option after the final "Installation complete" message and uses the main menu, which causes the password to be zeroed out in the installer's memory.
The Ubuntu 5.10 installer does not properly clear passwords from the installer log file (questions.dat), and leaves the log file with world-readable permissions, which allows local users to gain privileges.
Sudo 1.6.8p7 on SuSE Linux 9.3, and possibly other Linux distributions, allows local users to gain privileges by using sudo to call su, then entering a blank password and hitting CTRL-C. NOTE: SuSE and multiple third-party researchers have not been able to replicate this issue, stating "Sudo catches SIGINT and returns an empty string for the password so I don't see how this could happen unless the user's actual password was empty.
The bluez_sock_create function in the Bluetooth stack for Linux kernel 2.4.6 through 2.4.30-rc1 and 2.6 through 2.6.11.5 allows local users to gain privileges via (1) socket or (2) socketpair call with a negative protocol value.
Multiple buffer overflows in the (1) sys32_ni_syscall and (2) sys32_vm86_warning functions in sys_ia32.c for Linux 2.6.x may allow local attackers to modify kernel memory and gain privileges.
The POSIX Capability Linux Security Module (LSM) for Linux kernel 2.6 does not properly handle the credentials of a process that is launched before the module is loaded, which allows local users to gain privileges.
sudo 1.6.x and 1.7.x before 1.7.9p1, and 1.8.x before 1.8.4p5, does not properly support configurations that use a netmask syntax, which allows local users to bypass intended command restrictions in opportunistic circumstances by executing a command on a host that has an IPv4 address.
sudo before 1.6.8p2 allows local users to execute arbitrary commands by using "()" style environment variables to create functions that have the same name as any program within the bash script that is called without using the program's full pathname.
Format string vulnerability in the sudo_debug function in Sudo 1.8.0 through 1.8.3p1 allows local users to execute arbitrary code via format string sequences in the program name for sudo.
passwd command in shadow in Ubuntu 5.04 through 6.06 LTS, when called with the -f, -g, or -s flag, does not check the return code of a setuid call, which might allow local users to gain root privileges if setuid fails in cases such as PAM failures or resource limits.
dbus_backend/lsd.py in the D-Bus backend in language-selector before 0.6.7 does not validate the arguments to the (1) SetSystemDefaultLangEnv and (2) SetSystemDefaultLanguageEnv functions, which allows local users to gain privileges via shell metacharacters in a string argument, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-0729.