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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2018-25110

Summary
Assigner-Checkmarx
Assigner Org ID-596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Published At-23 May, 2025 | 14:53
Updated At-23 May, 2025 | 15:09
Rejected At-
Credits

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in markedjs/marked

Marked prior to version 0.3.17 is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack due to catastrophic backtracking in several regular expressions used for parsing HTML tags and markdown links. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by providing specially crafted markdown input, such as deeply nested or repetitively structured brackets or tag attributes, which cause the parser to hang and lead to a Denial of Service.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:Checkmarx
Assigner Org ID:596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Published At:23 May, 2025 | 14:53
Updated At:23 May, 2025 | 15:09
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in markedjs/marked

Marked prior to version 0.3.17 is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack due to catastrophic backtracking in several regular expressions used for parsing HTML tags and markdown links. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by providing specially crafted markdown input, such as deeply nested or repetitively structured brackets or tag attributes, which cause the parser to hang and lead to a Denial of Service.

Affected Products
Collection URL
https://registry.npmjs.org
Package Name
marked
Repo
https://github.com/markedjs/marked
Default Status
unaffected
Versions
Affected
  • From 0 before 0.3.17 (custom)
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-1333CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-1333
Description: CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
4.06.9MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Version: 4.0
Base score: 6.9
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

reporter
Josh Bruce
Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://github.com/markedjs/marked/issues/1070
issue-tracking
https://github.com/markedjs/marked/pull/1083
issue-tracking
https://github.com/markedjs/marked/commit/20bfc106013ed45713a21672ad4a34df94dcd485
patch
https://github.com/Checkmarx/Vulnerabilities-Proofs-of-Concept/tree/main/2018/CVE-2018-25110
exploit
Hyperlink: https://github.com/markedjs/marked/issues/1070
Resource:
issue-tracking
Hyperlink: https://github.com/markedjs/marked/pull/1083
Resource:
issue-tracking
Hyperlink: https://github.com/markedjs/marked/commit/20bfc106013ed45713a21672ad4a34df94dcd485
Resource:
patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/Checkmarx/Vulnerabilities-Proofs-of-Concept/tree/main/2018/CVE-2018-25110
Resource:
exploit
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Published At:23 May, 2025 | 15:15
Updated At:13 Aug, 2025 | 15:42

Marked prior to version 0.3.17 is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack due to catastrophic backtracking in several regular expressions used for parsing HTML tags and markdown links. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by providing specially crafted markdown input, such as deeply nested or repetitively structured brackets or tag attributes, which cause the parser to hang and lead to a Denial of Service.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Secondary4.06.9MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Primary3.17.5HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Type: Secondary
Version: 4.0
Base score: 6.9
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Type: Primary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.5
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CPE Matches

marked_project
marked_project
>>marked>>Versions before 0.3.17(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:marked_project:marked:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-1333Secondary596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
CWE ID: CWE-1333
Type: Secondary
Source: 596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://github.com/Checkmarx/Vulnerabilities-Proofs-of-Concept/tree/main/2018/CVE-2018-25110596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Exploit
Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/markedjs/marked/commit/20bfc106013ed45713a21672ad4a34df94dcd485596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Patch
https://github.com/markedjs/marked/issues/1070596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Issue Tracking
Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/markedjs/marked/pull/1083596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Issue Tracking
Patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/Checkmarx/Vulnerabilities-Proofs-of-Concept/tree/main/2018/CVE-2018-25110
Source: 596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Resource:
Exploit
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: https://github.com/markedjs/marked/commit/20bfc106013ed45713a21672ad4a34df94dcd485
Source: 596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Resource:
Patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/markedjs/marked/issues/1070
Source: 596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Resource:
Issue Tracking
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: https://github.com/markedjs/marked/pull/1083
Source: 596c5446-0ce5-4ba2-aa66-48b3b757a647
Resource:
Issue Tracking
Patch

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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Rejected-Not Available
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KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

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Action-Not Available
Vendor-is.js_projectarasatasaygin
Product-is.jsis.js
CWE ID-CWE-400
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2020-26303
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-8.7||HIGH
EPSS-0.12% / 31.48%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Oct, 2024 | 20:26
Updated-13 Nov, 2024 | 19:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
GHSL-2020-289: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in insane

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Action-Not Available
Vendor-bevacquabevacquabevacqua
Product-insaneinsaneinsane
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2020-26305
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-8.7||HIGH
EPSS-0.12% / 30.77%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Oct, 2024 | 20:26
Updated-13 Nov, 2024 | 20:00
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
GHSL-2020-291: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in CommonRegexJS

CommonRegexJS is a CommonRegex port for JavaScript. All available versions contain one or more regular expressions that are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS). As of time of publication, no known patches are available.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-talyssonoctalyssonoctalyssonoc
Product-commonregexjsCommonRegexJScommonregexjs
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2020-26311
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-8.7||HIGH
EPSS-0.12% / 31.48%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Oct, 2024 | 20:26
Updated-30 Oct, 2024 | 18:07
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
GHSL-2020-312: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in useragent

Useragent is a user agent parser for Node.js. All versions as of time of publication contain one or more regular expressions that are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS). As of time of publication, no patches are available.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-useragent_project3rd-Edenuseragent_project
Product-useragentuseragentuseragent
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2015-8315
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.94% / 75.93%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Jan, 2017 | 21:00
Updated-20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The ms package before 0.7.1 for Node.js allows attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a long version string, aka a "regular expression denial of service (ReDoS)."

Action-Not Available
Vendor-verceln/avercel
Product-msn/ams
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2020-1920
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Meta Platforms, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Meta Platforms, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.21% / 43.05%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-01 Jun, 2021 | 11:45
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 06:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the validateBaseUrl function can cause the application to use excessive resources, become unresponsive, or crash. This was introduced in react-native version 0.59.0 and fixed in version 0.64.1.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Facebook
Product-react-nativereact-native
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CWE ID-CWE-697
Incorrect Comparison
CVE-2023-3364
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitLab Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitLab Inc.
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-4.71% / 89.14%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-01 Aug, 2023 | 23:36
Updated-20 Nov, 2025 | 04:07
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in GitLab

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 8.14 before 16.0.8, all versions starting from 16.1 before 16.1.3, all versions starting from 16.2 before 16.2.2. A Regular Expression Denial of Service was possible via sending crafted payloads which use AutolinkFilter to the preview_markdown endpoint.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-GitLab Inc.
Product-gitlabGitLab
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2023-33290
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.06% / 19.85%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Jun, 2023 | 00:00
Updated-03 Jan, 2025 | 23:41
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The git-url-parse crate through 0.4.4 for Rust allows Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDos) via a crafted URL to normalize_url in lib.rs, a similar issue to CVE-2023-32758 (Python).

Action-Not Available
Vendor-git-url-parse_projectn/a
Product-git-url-parsen/a
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2023-45813
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-4.6||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.77% / 73.11%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 Oct, 2023 | 20:26
Updated-13 Sep, 2024 | 14:39
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in TorBot

Torbot is an open source tor network intelligence tool. In affected versions the `torbot.modules.validators.validate_link function` uses the python-validators URL validation regex. This particular regular expression has an exponential complexity which allows an attacker to cause an application crash using a well-crafted argument. An attacker can use a well-crafted URL argument to exploit the vulnerability in the regular expression and cause a Denial of Service on the system. The validators file has been removed in version 4.0.0. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-torbot_projectvalidators_projectDedSecInside
Product-torbotvalidatorsTorBot
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2023-46402
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.10% / 28.10%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-17 Nov, 2023 | 00:00
Updated-02 Aug, 2024 | 20:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

git-urls 1.0.0 allows ReDOS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) in urls.go.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-git-urls_projectn/a
Product-git-urlsn/a
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2023-43646
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.83% / 74.22%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Sep, 2023 | 18:19
Updated-24 Sep, 2024 | 17:26
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in get-func-name

get-func-name is a module to retrieve a function's name securely and consistently both in NodeJS and the browser. Versions prior to 2.0.1 are subject to a regular expression denial of service (redos) vulnerability which may lead to a denial of service when parsing malicious input. This vulnerability can be exploited when there is an imbalance in parentheses, which results in excessive backtracking and subsequently increases the CPU load and processing time significantly. This vulnerability can be triggered using the following input: '\t'.repeat(54773) + '\t/function/i'. This issue has been addressed in commit `f934b228b` which has been included in releases from 2.0.1. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-chaijschaijs
Product-get-func-nameget-func-name
CWE ID-CWE-400
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2023-4316
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fluid Attacks
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fluid Attacks
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.14% / 34.69%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-28 Sep, 2023 | 20:34
Updated-03 Dec, 2025 | 20:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Zod 3.22.2 - Regular expression Denial of Service

Zod in versions 3.21.0 up to and including 3.22.3 allows an attacker to perform a denial of service while validating emails.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-zodZod
Product-zodZod
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2023-40599
Matching Score-4
Assigner-JPCERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-JPCERT/CC
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.54% / 67.20%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-25 Aug, 2023 | 02:18
Updated-02 Oct, 2024 | 17:42
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Regular expression Denial-of-Service (ReDoS) exists in multiple add-ons for Mailform Pro CGI 4.3.1.3 and earlier, which allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition. Affected add-ons are as follows: call/call.js, prefcodeadv/search.cgi, estimate/estimate.js, search/search.js, suggest/suggest.js, and coupon/coupon.js.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-synck_graphicaSYNCK GRAPHICA
Product-mailform_pro_cgiMailform Pro CGI
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2023-39663
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.19% / 40.57%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-29 Aug, 2023 | 00:00
Updated-02 Oct, 2024 | 13:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Mathjax up to v2.7.9 was discovered to contain two Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerabilities in MathJax.js via the components pattern and markdownPattern. NOTE: the vendor disputes this because the regular expressions are not applied to user input; thus, there is no risk.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-mathjaxn/a
Product-mathjaxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2021-41817
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.50% / 65.25%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-01 Jan, 2022 | 00:00
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 03:22
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Date.parse in the date gem through 3.2.0 for Ruby allows ReDoS (regular expression Denial of Service) via a long string. The fixed versions are 3.2.1, 3.1.2, 3.0.2, and 2.0.1.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aFedora ProjectDebian GNU/LinuxRubySUSEopenSUSERed Hat, Inc.
Product-debian_linuxfactorysoftware_collectionslinux_enterprisefedoraenterprise_linuxrubydateleapn/a
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2021-40892
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.33% / 55.84%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-24 Jun, 2022 | 13:29
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 02:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDOS) vulnerability was discovered in validate-color v2.1.0 when handling crafted invalid rgb(a) strings.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-validate_color_projectn/a
Product-validate_colorn/a
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
CVE-2021-3842
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Protect AI (formerly huntr.dev)
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Protect AI (formerly huntr.dev)
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.41% / 60.90%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-04 Jan, 2022 | 14:50
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 17:09
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in nltk/nltk

nltk is vulnerable to Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Action-Not Available
Vendor-nltknltkDebian GNU/LinuxFedora Project
Product-fedoradebian_linuxnltknltk/nltk
CWE ID-CWE-1333
Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
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