msgpack5 is a msgpack v5 implementation for node.js and the browser. In msgpack5 before versions 3.6.1, 4.5.1, and 5.2.1 there is a "Prototype Poisoning" vulnerability. When msgpack5 decodes a map containing a key "__proto__", it assigns the decoded value to __proto__. Object.prototype.__proto__ is an accessor property for the receiver's prototype. If the value corresponding to the key __proto__ decodes to an object or null, msgpack5 sets the decoded object's prototype to that value. An attacker who can submit crafted MessagePack data to a service can use this to produce values that appear to be of other types; may have unexpected prototype properties and methods (for example length, numeric properties, and push et al if __proto__'s value decodes to an Array); and/or may throw unexpected exceptions when used (for example if the __proto__ value decodes to a Map or Date). Other unexpected behavior might be produced for other types. There is no effect on the global prototype. This "prototype poisoning" is sort of a very limited inversion of a prototype pollution attack. Only the decoded value's prototype is affected, and it can only be set to msgpack5 values (though if the victim makes use of custom codecs, anything could be a msgpack5 value). We have not found a way to escalate this to true prototype pollution (absent other bugs in the consumer's code). This has been fixed in msgpack5 version 3.6.1, 4.5.1, and 5.2.1. See the referenced GitHub Security Advisory for an example and more details.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. In versions prior to 5.3.2 or 4.10.19, keywords that are specified in the Parse Server option `requestKeywordDenylist` can be injected via Cloud Code Webhooks or Triggers. This will result in the keyword being saved to the database, bypassing the `requestKeywordDenylist` option. This issue is fixed in versions 4.10.19, and 5.3.2. If upgrade is not possible, the following Workarounds may be applied: Configure your firewall to only allow trusted servers to make request to the Parse Server Cloud Code Webhooks API, or block the API completely if you are not using the feature.

utilitify prior to 1.0.3 allows modification of object properties. The merge method could be tricked into adding or modifying properties of the Object.prototype.

A flaw allowing arbitrary code execution was discovered in Kibana. An attacker with access to ML and Alerting connector features, as well as write access to internal ML indices can trigger a prototype pollution vulnerability, ultimately leading to arbitrary code execution.

admin/partials/wp-splashing-admin-main.php in the Splashing Images plugin (wp-splashing-images) before 2.1.1 for WordPress allows authenticated (administrator, editor, or author) remote attackers to conduct PHP Object Injection attacks via crafted serialized data in the 'session' HTTP GET parameter to wp-admin/upload.php.

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN gateway could allow an authenticated remote attacker to conduct a server-side prototype pollution attack. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise.

Passing an absolute path to a file_exists check in phpBB before 3.2.4 allows Remote Code Execution through Object Injection by employing Phar deserialization when an attacker has access to the Admin Control Panel with founder permissions.

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') in jquery-plugin-query-object 2.2.3 allows a malicious user to inject properties into Object.prototype.

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') in backbone-query-parameters 0.4.0 allows a malicious user to inject properties into Object.prototype.