A regular expression based DoS vulnerability in Action Dispatch <6.1.7.1 and <7.0.4.1 related to the If-None-Match header. A specially crafted HTTP If-None-Match header can cause the regular expression engine to enter a state of catastrophic backtracking, when on a version of Ruby below 3.2.0. This can cause the process to use large amounts of CPU and memory, leading to a possible DoS vulnerability All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

A regular expression based DoS vulnerability in Action Dispatch <6.0.6.1,< 6.1.7.1, and <7.0.4.1. Specially crafted cookies, in combination with a specially crafted X_FORWARDED_HOST header can cause the regular expression engine to enter a state of catastrophic backtracking. This can cause the process to use large amounts of CPU and memory, leading to a possible DoS vulnerability All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

The actionpack ruby gem before 6.1.3.2, 6.0.3.7, 5.2.4.6, 5.2.6 suffers from a possible denial of service vulnerability in the Token Authentication logic in Action Controller due to a too permissive regular expression. Impacted code uses `authenticate_or_request_with_http_token` or `authenticate_with_http_token` for request authentication.

The PostgreSQL adapter in Active Record before 6.1.2.1, 6.0.3.5, 5.2.4.5 suffers from a regular expression denial of service (REDoS) vulnerability. Carefully crafted input can cause the input validation in the `money` type of the PostgreSQL adapter in Active Record to spend too much time in a regular expression, resulting in the potential for a DoS attack. This only impacts Rails applications that are using PostgreSQL along with money type columns that take user input.

The actionpack ruby gem (a framework for handling and responding to web requests in Rails) before 6.0.3.7, 6.1.3.2 suffers from a possible denial of service vulnerability in the Mime type parser of Action Dispatch. Carefully crafted Accept headers can cause the mime type parser in Action Dispatch to do catastrophic backtracking in the regular expression engine.

Rails is a web-application framework. Starting in version 7.1.0, there is a possible ReDoS vulnerability in the Accept header parsing routines of Action Dispatch. This vulnerability is patched in 7.1.3.1. Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rails applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected.

Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, Active Support number helpers accept strings containing scientific notation (e.g. `1e10000`), which `BigDecimal` expands into extremely large decimal representations. This can cause excessive memory allocation and CPU consumption when the expanded number is formatted, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.

There is a possible denial of service vulnerability in Action View (Rails) <5.2.2.1, <5.1.6.2, <5.0.7.2, <4.2.11.1 where specially crafted accept headers can cause action view to consume 100% cpu and make the server unresponsive.

rails-html-sanitizer is responsible for sanitizing HTML fragments in Rails applications. Certain configurations of rails-html-sanitizer < 1.4.4 use an inefficient regular expression that is susceptible to excessive backtracking when attempting to sanitize certain SVG attributes. This may lead to a denial of service through CPU resource consumption. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.4.

Active Storage allows users to attach cloud and local files in Rails applications. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, when serving files through Active Storage's proxy delivery mode, the proxy controller loads the entire requested byte range into memory before sending it. A request with a large or unbounded Range header (e.g. `bytes=0-`) could cause the server to allocate memory proportional to the file size, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability through memory exhaustion. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.

Active Support is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. `NumberToDelimitedConverter` uses a lookahead-based regular expression with `gsub!` to insert thousands delimiters. Prior to versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1, the interaction between the repeated lookahead group and `gsub!` can produce quadratic time complexity on long digit strings. Versions 8.1.2.1, 8.0.4.1, and 7.2.3.1 contain a patch.

Action Mailer is a framework for designing email service layers. Starting in version 3.0.0 and prior to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, and 7.2.1.1, there is a possible ReDoS vulnerability in the block_format helper in Action Mailer. Carefully crafted text can cause the block_format helper to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability. All users running an affected release should either upgrade to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, or 7.2.1.1 or apply the relevant patch immediately. As a workaround, users can avoid calling the `block_format` helper or upgrade to Ruby 3.2. Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rails applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected. Rails 8.0.0.beta1 requires Ruby 3.2 or greater so is unaffected.

Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, and 7.2.1.1, there is a possible ReDoS vulnerability in Action Controller's HTTP Token authentication. For applications using HTTP Token authentication via `authenticate_or_request_with_http_token` or similar, a carefully crafted header may cause header parsing to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability. All users running an affected release should either upgrade to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, or 7.2.1.1 or apply the relevant patch immediately. One may choose to use Ruby 3.2 as a workaround.Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rails applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected. Rails 8.0.0.beta1 depends on Ruby 3.2 or greater so is unaffected.

A denial of service vulnerability exists in Rails <6.0.3.2 that allowed an untrusted user to run any pending migrations on a Rails app running in production.

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Elasticsearch while evaluating specifically crafted search templates with Mustache functions can lead to Denial of Service by causing the Elasticsearch node to crash.

Specific IPv6 DHCP packets received by the jdhcpd daemon will cause a memory resource consumption issue to occur on a Junos OS device using the jdhcpd daemon configured to respond to IPv6 requests. Once started, memory consumption will eventually impact any IPv4 or IPv6 request serviced by the jdhcpd daemon, thus creating a Denial of Service (DoS) condition to clients requesting and not receiving IP addresses. Additionally, some clients which were previously holding IPv6 addresses will not have their IPv6 Identity Association (IA) address and network tables agreed upon by the jdhcpd daemon after the failover event occurs, which leads to more than one interface, and multiple IP addresses, being denied on the client. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Junos OS: 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R2.

Suricata is a network IDS, IPS and NSM engine. Prior to versions 7.0.15 and 8.0.4, flooding of craft HTTP2 continuation frames can lead to memory exhaustion, usually resulting in the Suricata process being shut down by the operating system. This issue has been patched in versions 7.0.15 and 8.0.4.

An issue was discovered in Schneider Electric Magelis HMI Magelis GTO Advanced Optimum Panels, all versions, Magelis GTU Universal Panel, all versions, Magelis STO5xx and STU Small panels, all versions, Magelis XBT GH Advanced Hand-held Panels, all versions, Magelis XBT GK Advanced Touchscreen Panels with Keyboard, all versions, Magelis XBT GT Advanced Touchscreen Panels, all versions, and Magelis XBT GTW Advanced Open Touchscreen Panels (Windows XPe). An attacker may be able to disrupt a targeted web server, resulting in a denial of service because of UNCONTROLLED RESOURCE CONSUMPTION.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Netlogon allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

Vulnerabilities exist in a protocol-handling component of AOS-8 and AOS-10 Operating Systems. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending specially crafted network messages to the affected service. Due to insufficient input validation, successful exploitation may terminate a critical system process, resulting in a denial-of-service condition.

NTP before 4.2.8p9 rate limits responses received from the configured sources when rate limiting for all associations is enabled, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (prevent responses from the sources) by sending responses with a spoofed source address.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in certain Zoom Workplace Clients may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct a denial of service via network access.

vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). From 0.1.0 to before 0.10.1.1, a Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability can be triggered by sending a single HTTP GET request with an extremely large header to an HTTP endpoint. This results in server memory exhaustion, potentially leading to a crash or unresponsiveness. The attack does not require authentication, making it exploitable by any remote user. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.10.1.1.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, RedisArrayAggregator pre-allocates ArrayList with initial capacity equal to the RESP array element count declared in an array header. That count is taken from the wire before the corresponding child messages exist. A small malicious header can claim a huge initial capacity. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

An issue was discovered in Samsung Mobile Processor, Wearable Processor, and Modem Exynos 2100, 1280, 2200, 1330, 1380, 1480, 9110, Modem 5123. Mishandling of an 5G NRMM packet leads to a Denial of Service.

An issue was discovered in MediaWiki before 1.35.5, 1.36.x before 1.36.3, and 1.37.x before 1.37.1. A denial of service (resource consumption) can be accomplished by searching for a very long key in a Language Name Search.

nimiq/core-rs-albatross is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. The `nimiq-network-libp2p` subcrate of nimiq/core-rs-albatross is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack due to uncontrolled memory allocation. Specifically, the implementation of the `Discovery` network message handling allocates a buffer based on a length value provided by the peer, without enforcing an upper bound. Since this length is a `u32`, a peer can trigger allocations of up to 4 GB, potentially leading to memory exhaustion and node crashes. As Discovery messages are regularly exchanged for peer discovery, this vulnerability can be exploited repeatedly. The patch for this vulnerability is formally released as part of v1.1.0. The patch implements a limit to the discovery message size of 1 MB and also resizes the message buffer size incrementally as the data is read. No known workarounds are available.

A lack of rate limiting in the 'Forgot Password', 'Email Settings' feature of PHPJabbers Event Booking Calendar v4.0 allows attackers to send an excessive amount of email for a legitimate user, leading to a possible Denial of Service (DoS) via a large amount of generated e-mail messages.

An issue in the VirtualHost configuration handling/parser component of aaPanel v7.57.0 allows attackers to cause a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via a crafted input.

An issue was discovered in open5gs v2.6.6. SIGPIPE can be used to crash AMF.

Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to version 3.4.4 of the `stable` branch, version 3.5.0.beta5 of the `beta` branch, and version 3.5.0.beta6-dev of the `tests-passed` branch, sending a malicious URL in a PM to a bot user can cause a reduced the availability of a Discourse instance. This issue is patched in version 3.4.4 of the `stable` branch, version 3.5.0.beta5 of the `beta` branch, and version 3.5.0.beta6-dev of the `tests-passed` branch. No known workarounds are available.

There is a code-related vulnerability in the GoldenDB database product. Attackers can access system tables to disrupt the normal operation of business SQL.

An issue in open5gs v.2.7.3 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDU Session Modification Request

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in JeecgBoot up to 3.8.0. This vulnerability affects the function unzipFile of the file /jeecg-boot/airag/knowledge/doc/import/zip of the component Document Library Upload. The manipulation of the argument File leads to resource consumption. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

An issue was discovered in L2 in Samsung Mobile Processor, Wearable Processor, and Modem Exynos 980, 990, 850, 1080, 2400, 1580, 9110, W920, W930, Modem 5123, and Modem 5400. Incorrect handling of RRC packets leads to a Denial of Service.

Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to 3.6.8, there is a potential vulnerability in Traefik managing STARTTLS requests. An unauthenticated client can bypass Traefik entrypoint respondingTimeouts.readTimeout by sending the 8-byte Postgres SSLRequest (STARTTLS) prelude and then stalling, causing connections to remain open indefinitely, leading to a denial of service. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.6.8.

An issue in Realtek RTL8762EKF-EVB RTL8762E SDK v1.4.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via sending a crafted before a pairing public key is received during a Bluetooth connection attempt.

Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.101, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q3.0 through 2023.Q3.4, 7.4 GA through update 92 and 7.3 GA though update 35 does not limit the number of objects returned from a GraphQL queries, which allows remote attackers to perform denial-of-service (DoS) attacks on the application by executing queries that return a large number of objects.

calibre before 5.32.0 contains a regular expression that is vulnerable to ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) in html_preprocess_rules in ebooks/conversion/preprocess.py.

In H3C GR2200 MiniGR1A0V100R016, the USERLIMIT_GLOBAL option is set to 0 in the /etc/bftpd.conf. This can cause DoS attacks when unlimited users are connected.

In TRENDnet TPL-430AP FW1.0, the USERLIMIT_GLOBAL option is set to 0 in the bftpd-related configuration file. This can cause DoS attacks when unlimited users are connected.

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination or corrupt kernel memory.

An issue in Dokuwiki v.2025-05-14b "Librarian" [56.2] allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via the media_upload_xhr() function in the media.php file

In HotelDruid 3.0.7, an unauthenticated attacker can exploit verbose SQL error messages on creadb.php before the 'create database' button is pressed. By sending malformed POST requests to this endpoint, the attacker may obtain the administrator username, password hash, and salt. In some cases, the attack results in a Denial of Service (DoS), preventing the administrator from logging in even with the correct credentials.

jsx-slack is a library for building JSON objects for Slack Block Kit surfaces from JSX. In versions prior to 4.5.1 users are vulnerable to a regular expression denial-of-service (ReDoS) attack. If attacker can put a lot of JSX elements into `<blockquote>` tag, an internal regular expression for escaping characters may consume an excessive amount of computing resources. jsx-slack v4.5.1 has patched to a regex for escaping blockquote characters. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible.

An exponential ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) can be triggered in the jquery-validation npm package, when an attacker is able to supply arbitrary input to the url2 method

Sliver is a command and control framework that uses a custom Wireguard netstack. Prior to 1.7.0, the DNS C2 listener accepts unauthenticated TOTP bootstrap messages and allocates server-side DNS sessions without validating OTP values, even when EnforceOTP is enabled. Because sessions are stored without a cleanup/expiry path in this flow, an unauthenticated remote actor can repeatedly create sessions and drive memory exhaustion. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.7.0.

ASP.NET Core Kestrel in Microsoft .NET 8.0 before 8.0.22 and .NET 9.0 before 9.0.11 allows a remote attacker to cause excessive CPU consumption by sending a crafted QUIC packet, because of an incorrect exit condition for HTTP/3 Encoder/Decoder stream processing.

Solidus is a free, open-source ecommerce platform built on Rails. Versions of Solidus prior to 3.1.4, 3.0.4, and 2.11.13 have a denial of service vulnerability that could be exploited during a guest checkout. The regular expression used to validate a guest order's email was subject to exponential backtracking through a fragment like `a.a.` Versions 3.1.4, 3.0.4, and 2.11.13 have been patched to use a different regular expression. The maintainers added a check for email addresses that are no longer valid that will print information about any affected orders that exist. If a prompt upgrade is not an option, a workaround is available. It is possible to edit the file `config/application.rb` manually (with code provided by the maintainers in the GitHub Security Advisory) to check email validity.

mIRC before 6.35 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a long nickname.