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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2025-48044

Summary
Assigner-EEF
Assigner Org ID-6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Published At-17 Oct, 2025 | 13:52
Updated At-24 Jul, 2026 | 14:13
Rejected At-
Credits

Authorization bypass when bypass policy condition evaluates to true

Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Authentication Bypass. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ash/policy/policy.ex and program routines 'Elixir.Ash.Policy.Policy':expression/2. This issue affects ash: from 3.6.3 before 3.7.1.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:EEF
Assigner Org ID:6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Published At:17 Oct, 2025 | 13:52
Updated At:24 Jul, 2026 | 14:13
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
Authorization bypass when bypass policy condition evaluates to true

Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Authentication Bypass. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ash/policy/policy.ex and program routines 'Elixir.Ash.Policy.Policy':expression/2. This issue affects ash: from 3.6.3 before 3.7.1.

Affected Products
Vendor
ash-project
Product
ash
Collection URL
https://repo.hex.pm
Package Name
ash
Repo
https://github.com/ash-project/ash
CPEs
  • cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Program Files
  • lib/ash/policy/policy.ex
Program Routines
  • 'Elixir.Ash.Policy.Policy':expression/2
Default Status
unaffected
Versions
Affected
  • From 3.6.3 before 3.7.1 (semver)
Vendor
ash-project
Product
ash
Collection URL
https://github.com
Package Name
ash-project/ash
Repo
https://github.com/ash-project/ash
CPEs
  • cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Program Files
  • lib/ash/policy/policy.ex
Program Routines
  • 'Elixir.Ash.Policy.Policy':expression/2
Default Status
unaffected
Versions
Affected
  • From 79749c2685ea031ebb2de8cf60cc5edced6a8dd0 before 8b83efa225f657bfc3656ad8ee8485f9b2de923d (git)
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-863CWE-863 Incorrect Authorization
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-863
Description: CWE-863 Incorrect Authorization
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
4.08.6HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Version: 4.0
Base score: 8.6
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
CAPEC-115CAPEC-115 Authentication Bypass
CAPEC ID: CAPEC-115
Description: CAPEC-115 Authentication Bypass
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

finder
Jechol Lee
remediation developer
Jechol Lee
analyst
Jonatan Männchen / EEF
remediation reviewer
Zach Daniel
Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-pcxq-fjp3-r752
vendor-advisory
related
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48044.html
related
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48044
related
https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/8b83efa225f657bfc3656ad8ee8485f9b2de923d
patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-pcxq-fjp3-r752
Resource:
vendor-advisory
related
Hyperlink: https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48044.html
Resource:
related
Hyperlink: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48044
Resource:
related
Hyperlink: https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/8b83efa225f657bfc3656ad8ee8485f9b2de923d
Resource:
patch
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-pcxq-fjp3-r752
exploit
Hyperlink: https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-pcxq-fjp3-r752
Resource:
exploit
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Published At:17 Oct, 2025 | 14:15
Updated At:24 Jul, 2026 | 15:17

Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Authentication Bypass. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ash/policy/policy.ex and program routines 'Elixir.Ash.Policy.Policy':expression/2. This issue affects ash: from 3.6.3 before 3.7.1.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Secondary4.08.6HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
N/A
Type: Secondary
Version: 4.0
Base score: 8.6
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Type: N/A
Version:
Base score:
Base severity: N/A
Vector:
CPE Matches

Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-863Secondary6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
CWE ID: CWE-863
Type: Secondary
Source: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48044.html6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
N/A
https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/8b83efa225f657bfc3656ad8ee8485f9b2de923d6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
N/A
https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-pcxq-fjp3-r7526b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
N/A
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-480446b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
N/A
https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-pcxq-fjp3-r752134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
N/A
Hyperlink: https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2025-48044.html
Source: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://github.com/ash-project/ash/commit/8b83efa225f657bfc3656ad8ee8485f9b2de923d
Source: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-pcxq-fjp3-r752
Source: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2025-48044
Source: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://github.com/ash-project/ash/security/advisories/GHSA-pcxq-fjp3-r752
Source: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Resource: N/A

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

Similar CVEs

12Records found

CVE-2025-48043
Matching Score-10
Assigner-6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
ShareView Details
Matching Score-10
Assigner-6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.46% / 37.89%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Oct, 2025 | 15:57
Updated-24 Jul, 2026 | 15:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Bypass and runtime policies that can never pass may be incorrectly applied in filter authorization

Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Authentication Bypass. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ash/policy/authorizer/authorizer.ex and program routines 'Elixir.Ash.Policy.Authorizer':strict_filters/2. This issue affects ash: from 0.1.0 before 3.6.2.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-ash-project
Product-ash
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2025-48042
Matching Score-6
Assigner-6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
ShareView Details
Matching Score-6
Assigner-6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
CVSS Score-7.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.29% / 21.54%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-07 Sep, 2025 | 16:01
Updated-24 Jul, 2026 | 15:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Before action hooks may execute in certain scenarios despite a request being forbidden

Incorrect Authorization vulnerability in ash-project ash allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ash/actions/create/bulk.ex, lib/ash/actions/destroy/bulk.ex, lib/ash/actions/update/bulk.ex and program routines 'Elixir.Ash.Actions.Create.Bulk':run/5, 'Elixir.Ash.Actions.Destroy.Bulk':run/6, 'Elixir.Ash.Actions.Update.Bulk:run'/6. This issue affects ash: from 0.1.0 before 3.5.39.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-ash-project
Product-ash
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-62188
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.21% / 11.72%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Jul, 2026 | 21:30
Updated-28 Jul, 2026 | 01:49
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
OpenClaw < 2026.6.9 Feishu Authorization Bypass

OpenClaw @openclaw/feishu versions 2026.6.6 and earlier contain an incorrect authorization vulnerability in which the Feishu permission tools could ignore per-account disablement settings. When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, a lower-trust caller or configured input path could perform actions that should have required a stronger authorization or policy check. The issue is fixed in version 2026.6.9.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-OpenClaw
Product-openclaw\/feishufeishu
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-62231
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.22% / 12.81%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-17 Jul, 2026 | 00:07
Updated-21 Jul, 2026 | 02:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Grav < 1.0.6 API Key Scope Bypass via ApiKeyAuthenticator

The Grav API plugin (getgrav/grav-plugin-api) before 1.0.6 contains an authorization bypass: API keys can be created with a restricted scopes array, but the ApiKeyAuthenticator class never reads or enforces these scopes. It loads and returns the owning user's full account object, so a key created with limited scopes (e.g. read-only) can perform any write, delete, or administrative operation the owning user is authorized for. Fixed in 1.0.6.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-getgrav
Product-grav
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-68581
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-Not Assigned
Published-02 Aug, 2026 | 12:15
Updated-02 Aug, 2026 | 13:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Vikunja 0.22.0 through 2.3.0 Authentication Bypass via Principal ID Collision

Vikunja versions 0.22.0 through 2.3.0 fail to validate the principal type in API token management. Because user IDs and link-share IDs are independent numeric sequences and both resolve through a generic web.Auth.GetID() interface, a link-share JWT whose numeric ID equals a target user's ID is treated as that user by the /api/v1/tokens endpoints. An authenticated attacker can obtain a target's numeric user ID via authenticated user search, then create link shares on an attacker-writable project until the link-share sequence reaches that value, and use the resulting link-share JWT to list, create, and delete the target user's API tokens (including issuing a new token with attacker-chosen scopes under the target's permissions). Fixed in version 2.4.0.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-go-vikunja
Product-vikunja
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-62187
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.21% / 11.72%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Jul, 2026 | 21:30
Updated-28 Jul, 2026 | 01:49
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
OpenClaw < 2026.6.9 Feishu tools Authorization Bypass

OpenClaw Feishu tools (npm package @openclaw/feishu) in versions <= 2026.6.6 could ignore per-account disablement. A lower-trust caller or a configured input path could perform actions that should have required a stronger authorization or policy check, resulting in unauthorized operations. The issue is fixed in version 2026.6.9. Impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach the affected feature.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-OpenClaw
Product-openclaw\/feishufeishu
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-57950
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.29% / 21.72%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-29 Jun, 2026 | 17:20
Updated-14 Jul, 2026 | 22:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
ruoyi-vue-pro - Incorrect Permission Namespace in ErpSaleOrderController

ruoyi-vue-pro through 2026.05, fixed in commit 5d1fd70 contains a broken access control vulnerability in ErpSaleOrderController that allows attackers with erp:sale-out permissions to gain unauthorized access to sale order operations by exploiting an incorrect permission namespace enforcement. Attackers holding shipment-level permissions can perform unauthorized create, update, delete, and read operations on financially sensitive sale orders due to the controller enforcing erp:sale-out instead of the intended erp:sale-order namespace.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Yunai
Product-ruoyi-vue-pro
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-33031
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.27% / 19.65%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Apr, 2026 | 20:12
Updated-22 Apr, 2026 | 17:33
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Nginx-UI: Disabled users retain full API access through previously issued bearer tokens

Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. Prior to version 2.3.4, a user who was disabled by an administrator can use previously issued API tokens for up to the token lifetime. In practice, disabling a compromised account does not actually terminate that user’s access, so an attacker who already stole a JWT can continue reading and modifying protected resources after the account is marked disabled. Since tokens can be used to create new accounts, it is possible the disabled user to maintain the privilege. Version 2.3.4 patches the issue.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Nginx UI (0xJacky)
Product-nginx_uinginx-ui
CWE ID-CWE-284
Improper Access Control
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-25767
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.25% / 16.61%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Feb, 2026 | 19:49
Updated-13 Feb, 2026 | 14:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
LavinMQ has incomplete shovel configuration validation

LavinMQ is a high-performance message queue & streaming server. Before 2.6.8, an authenticated user, with the “Policymaker” tag, could create shovels bypassing access controls. an authenticated user with the "Policymaker" management tag could exploit it to read messages from vhosts they are not authorized to access or publish messages to vhosts they are not authorized to access. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.6.8.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-cloudamqp
Product-lavinmq
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-33577
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.38% / 30.71%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-31 Mar, 2026 | 14:10
Updated-24 Jul, 2026 | 21:10
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
OpenClaw < 2026.3.28 - Insufficient Scope Validation in node.pair.approve

OpenClaw before 2026.3.28 contains an insufficient scope validation vulnerability in the node pairing approval path that allows low-privilege operators to approve nodes with broader scopes. Attackers can exploit missing callerScopes validation in node-pairing.ts to extend privileges onto paired nodes beyond their authorization level.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-OpenClaw
Product-openclawOpenClaw
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-29194
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.37% / 29.32%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-07 Mar, 2026 | 16:12
Updated-11 Mar, 2026 | 16:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Netmaker: Insufficient Authorization in Host Token Verification

Netmaker makes networks with WireGuard. Prior to version 1.5.0, the Authorize middleware in Netmaker incorrectly validates host JWT tokens. When a route permits host authentication (hostAllowed=true), a valid host token bypasses all subsequent authorization checks without verifying that the host is authorized to access the specific requested resource. Any entity possessing knowledge of object identifiers (node IDs, host IDs) can craft a request with an arbitrary valid host token to access, modify, or delete resources belonging to other hosts. Affected endpoints include node info retrieval, host deletion, MQTT signal transmission, fallback host updates, and failover operations. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.0.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-gravitlgravitl
Product-netmakernetmaker
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CVE-2026-15829
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Google LLC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Google LLC
CVSS Score-8.6||HIGH
EPSS-0.18% / 7.26%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-21 Jul, 2026 | 16:39
Updated-22 Jul, 2026 | 19:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
SQL Injection and Security Boundary Bypass in googleapis/mcp-toolbox

A SQL injection (CWE-89) and security boundary bypass (CWE-863) vulnerability exists in the prebuilt BigQuery forecasting tool (bigquery-forecast) of googleapis/mcp-toolbox. The tool accepts client-controlled parameters (data_col, timestamp_col, and id_cols) as plain strings and interpolates them unescaped via fmt.Sprintf directly into a generated AI.FORECAST table-valued SELECT statement. While MCP Toolbox utilizes an allowedDatasets mechanism to restrict queries, this defense only validates the history_data parameter; the final assembled query is executed without re-validation. An attacker can break out of the string literal fields (such as timestamp_col) to inject a valid multi-statement or cross-dataset query block. This allows an unauthorized user to bypass the operator-configured allowedDatasets boundary and read arbitrary BigQuery tables.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Google LLC
Product-MCP Toolbox for Databases (googleapis/mcp-toolbox)
CWE ID-CWE-863
Incorrect Authorization
CWE ID-CWE-89
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
Details not found