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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2025-5151

Summary
Assigner-VulDB
Assigner Org ID-1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5
Published At-25 May, 2025 | 16:31
Updated At-28 May, 2025 | 17:38
Rejected At-
Credits

defog-ai introspect analysis_tools.py execute_analysis_code_safely code injection

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in defog-ai introspect up to 0.1.4. This affects the function execute_analysis_code_safely of the file introspect/backend/tools/analysis_tools.py. The manipulation of the argument code leads to code injection. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is named 502. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The code maintainer explains, that "[they] have added some workarounds to address this in #502, but will not be implementing a full fix. This is because this repo is meant to be run in a docker environment, which will significantly mitigate potential security risks. Having said that, we have added a SECURITY section in our README to make this clearer to users."

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:VulDB
Assigner Org ID:1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5
Published At:25 May, 2025 | 16:31
Updated At:28 May, 2025 | 17:38
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
defog-ai introspect analysis_tools.py execute_analysis_code_safely code injection

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in defog-ai introspect up to 0.1.4. This affects the function execute_analysis_code_safely of the file introspect/backend/tools/analysis_tools.py. The manipulation of the argument code leads to code injection. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is named 502. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The code maintainer explains, that "[they] have added some workarounds to address this in #502, but will not be implementing a full fix. This is because this repo is meant to be run in a docker environment, which will significantly mitigate potential security risks. Having said that, we have added a SECURITY section in our README to make this clearer to users."

Affected Products
Vendor
defog-ai
Product
introspect
Versions
Affected
  • 0.1.0
  • 0.1.1
  • 0.1.2
  • 0.1.3
  • 0.1.4
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-94Code Injection
CWECWE-74Injection
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-94
Description: Code Injection
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-74
Description: Injection
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
4.04.8MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.15.3MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
3.05.3MEDIUM
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
2.04.3N/A
AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
Version: 4.0
Base score: 4.8
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Version: 3.1
Base score: 5.3
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Version: 3.0
Base score: 5.3
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Version: 2.0
Base score: 4.3
Base severity: N/A
Vector:
AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

reporter
ybdesire (VulDB User)
Timeline
EventDate
Advisory disclosed2025-05-24 00:00:00
VulDB entry created2025-05-24 02:00:00
VulDB entry last update2025-05-24 19:48:51
Event: Advisory disclosed
Date: 2025-05-24 00:00:00
Event: VulDB entry created
Date: 2025-05-24 02:00:00
Event: VulDB entry last update
Date: 2025-05-24 19:48:51
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://vuldb.com/?id.310239
vdb-entry
technical-description
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310239
signature
permissions-required
https://vuldb.com/?submit.574809
third-party-advisory
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495
issue-tracking
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issuecomment-2894640278
issue-tracking
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issue-3036141048
exploit
issue-tracking
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/pull/502
issue-tracking
patch
Hyperlink: https://vuldb.com/?id.310239
Resource:
vdb-entry
technical-description
Hyperlink: https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310239
Resource:
signature
permissions-required
Hyperlink: https://vuldb.com/?submit.574809
Resource:
third-party-advisory
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495
Resource:
issue-tracking
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issuecomment-2894640278
Resource:
issue-tracking
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issue-3036141048
Resource:
exploit
issue-tracking
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/pull/502
Resource:
issue-tracking
patch
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issuecomment-2894640278
exploit
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issuecomment-2894640278
Resource:
exploit
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:cna@vuldb.com
Published At:25 May, 2025 | 17:15
Updated At:03 Jun, 2025 | 12:58

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in defog-ai introspect up to 0.1.4. This affects the function execute_analysis_code_safely of the file introspect/backend/tools/analysis_tools.py. The manipulation of the argument code leads to code injection. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is named 502. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The code maintainer explains, that "[they] have added some workarounds to address this in #502, but will not be implementing a full fix. This is because this repo is meant to be run in a docker environment, which will significantly mitigate potential security risks. Having said that, we have added a SECURITY section in our README to make this clearer to users."

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Secondary4.04.8MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Secondary3.15.3MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Primary3.17.8HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Secondary2.04.3MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
Type: Secondary
Version: 4.0
Base score: 4.8
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Type: Secondary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 5.3
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Type: Primary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.8
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Type: Secondary
Version: 2.0
Base score: 4.3
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
AV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
CPE Matches

defog
defog
>>introspect>>Versions from 0.1.0(inclusive) to 0.1.4(inclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:defog:introspect:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-74Secondarycna@vuldb.com
CWE-94Secondarycna@vuldb.com
CWE-94Primarynvd@nist.gov
CWE ID: CWE-74
Type: Secondary
Source: cna@vuldb.com
CWE ID: CWE-94
Type: Secondary
Source: cna@vuldb.com
CWE ID: CWE-94
Type: Primary
Source: nvd@nist.gov
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495cna@vuldb.com
Exploit
Issue Tracking
Patch
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issue-3036141048cna@vuldb.com
Exploit
Issue Tracking
Patch
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issuecomment-2894640278cna@vuldb.com
Exploit
Issue Tracking
Patch
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/pull/502cna@vuldb.com
Broken Link
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310239cna@vuldb.com
Permissions Required
VDB Entry
https://vuldb.com/?id.310239cna@vuldb.com
Third Party Advisory
VDB Entry
https://vuldb.com/?submit.574809cna@vuldb.com
Third Party Advisory
VDB Entry
https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issuecomment-2894640278134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Exploit
Issue Tracking
Patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495
Source: cna@vuldb.com
Resource:
Exploit
Issue Tracking
Patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issue-3036141048
Source: cna@vuldb.com
Resource:
Exploit
Issue Tracking
Patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issuecomment-2894640278
Source: cna@vuldb.com
Resource:
Exploit
Issue Tracking
Patch
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/pull/502
Source: cna@vuldb.com
Resource:
Broken Link
Hyperlink: https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310239
Source: cna@vuldb.com
Resource:
Permissions Required
VDB Entry
Hyperlink: https://vuldb.com/?id.310239
Source: cna@vuldb.com
Resource:
Third Party Advisory
VDB Entry
Hyperlink: https://vuldb.com/?submit.574809
Source: cna@vuldb.com
Resource:
Third Party Advisory
VDB Entry
Hyperlink: https://github.com/defog-ai/introspect/issues/495#issuecomment-2894640278
Source: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Resource:
Exploit
Issue Tracking
Patch

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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Action-Not Available
Vendor-krameravn/akramerav
Product-via_connect2_firmwarevia_go2via_connect2via_go2_firmwaren/avia_go2via_connect2
CWE ID-CWE-94
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CVE-2021-0567
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Android (associated with Google Inc. or Open Handset Alliance)
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Android (associated with Google Inc. or Open Handset Alliance)
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.04% / 8.60%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-22 Jun, 2021 | 10:56
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 15:47
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In isRestricted of RemoteViews.java, there is a possible way to inject font files due to a permissions bypass. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-179461812

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aGoogle LLC
Product-androidAndroid
CWE ID-CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CVE-2022-37933
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
CVSS Score-7.3||HIGH
EPSS-0.07% / 22.56%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 Jan, 2023 | 18:31
Updated-10 Apr, 2025 | 16:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A potential security vulnerability has been identified in HPE Superdome Flex and Superdome Flex 280 servers. The vulnerability could be exploited to allow local unauthorized data injection. HPE has made the following software updates to resolve the vulnerability in HPE Superdome Flex firmware 3.60.50 and below and Superdome Flex 280 servers firmware 1.40.60 and below.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
Product-superdome_flex_280_firmwaresuperdome_flex_280superdome_flex_firmwaresuperdome_flexHPE Superdome Flex Server; HPE Superdome Flex 280 Server
CWE ID-CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CVE-2025-0161
Matching Score-4
Assigner-IBM Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-IBM Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.01% / 0.29%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Feb, 2025 | 16:02
Updated-11 Aug, 2025 | 16:53
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
IBM Security Verify Access Appliance code injection

IBM Security Verify Access Appliance 10.0.0.0 through 10.0.0.9 and 11.0.0.0 could allow a local user to execute arbitrary code due to improper restrictions on code generation.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-IBM Corporation
Product-security_verify_accessSecurity Verify Access
CWE ID-CWE-94
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CVE-2021-25682
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Canonical Ltd.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Canonical Ltd.
CVSS Score-8.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.06% / 20.18%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Jun, 2021 | 02:20
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 00:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
apport improperly parses /proc/pid/status

It was discovered that the get_pid_info() function in data/apport did not properly parse the /proc/pid/status file from the kernel.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Canonical Ltd.
Product-apportapport
CWE ID-CWE-20
Improper Input Validation
CWE ID-CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CVE-2021-22117
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VMware by Broadcom
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-VMware by Broadcom
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.12% / 31.98%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 May, 2021 | 12:47
Updated-02 Apr, 2025 | 14:13
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

RabbitMQ installers on Windows prior to version 3.8.16 do not harden plugin directory permissions, potentially allowing attackers with sufficient local filesystem permissions to add arbitrary plugins.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aVMware (Broadcom Inc.)Broadcom Inc.Microsoft Corporation
Product-rabbitmq_serverwindowsRabbitMQ
CWE ID-CWE-732
Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource
CWE ID-CWE-94
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CVE-2020-8177
Matching Score-4
Assigner-HackerOne
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-HackerOne
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.03% / 6.05%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Dec, 2020 | 19:42
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 09:56
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

curl 7.20.0 through 7.70.0 is vulnerable to improper restriction of names for files and other resources that can lead too overwriting a local file when the -J flag is used.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aCURLDebian GNU/LinuxSplunk LLC (Cisco Systems, Inc.)Siemens AGFujitsu Limited
Product-m12-1m10-4s_firmwareuniversal_forwarderm10-4curlm12-1_firmwarem10-4sm10-4_firmwaresinec_infrastructure_network_servicesm12-2sdebian_linuxm10-1_firmwarem10-1m12-2s_firmwarem12-2_firmwarem12-2https://github.com/curl/curl
CWE ID-CWE-99
Improper Control of Resource Identifiers ('Resource Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
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