A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.6. Enabling Lockdown Mode while setting up a Mac may cause FileVault to become unexpectedly disabled.

An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Mojave 10.14.6. The encryption status of a Time Machine backup may be incorrect.

A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.1, iOS 18.1 and iPadOS 18.1, macOS Sequoia 15.1, tvOS 18.1, visionOS 2.1, watchOS 11.1. Cookies belonging to one origin may be sent to another origin.

This issue was addressed through improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.3. Files downloaded from the internet may not have the quarantine flag applied.

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.4 and iPadOS 13.4, macOS Catalina 10.15.4, tvOS 13.4, watchOS 6.2. Some websites may not have appeared in Safari Preferences.

A URL Unicode encoding issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.6 and iPadOS 13.6, tvOS 13.4.8, watchOS 6.2.8, Safari 13.1.2, iTunes 12.10.8 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 11.3, iCloud for Windows 7.20. A malicious attacker may be able to conceal the destination of a URL.

An issue existed in the pausing of FaceTime video. The issue was resolved with improved logic. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.5 and iPadOS 13.5. A user’s video may not be paused in a FaceTime call if they exit the FaceTime app while the call is ringing.

The issue was addressed by clearing website permission prompts after navigation. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.4 and iPadOS 13.4. A user may grant website permissions to a site they didn't intend to.

A logic issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in Safari 13.0.5. A URL scheme may be incorrectly ignored when determining multimedia permission for a website.

An issue existed in the handling of the local user's self-view. The issue was corrected with improved logic. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.3.1 and iPadOS 13.3.1. A remote FaceTime user may be able to cause the local user's camera self-view to display the incorrect camera.

A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.1, Security Update 2019-001, and Security Update 2019-006. A user who shares their screen may not be able to end screen sharing.

An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.1, watchOS 10.1, iOS 16.7.2 and iPadOS 16.7.2, iOS 17.1 and iPadOS 17.1. Hide My Email may be deactivated unexpectedly.

A logic issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.3. Content Security Policy to block domains with wildcards may fail.

A privacy issue was addressed with improved handling of user preferences. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.4 and iPadOS 26.4, macOS Sequoia 15.7.5, macOS Sonoma 14.8.5, macOS Tahoe 26.4. "Hide IP Address" and "Block All Remote Content" may not apply to all mail content.

A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.8.4, macOS Tahoe 26.3. Turning off "Load remote content in messages” may not apply to all mail previews.

The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.2 and iPadOS 16.2, macOS Ventura 13.1. Shake-to-undo may allow a deleted photo to be re-surfaced without authentication.

An issue was discovered in Squid 3.x and 4.x through 4.8. It allows attackers to smuggle HTTP requests through frontend software to a Squid instance that splits the HTTP Request pipeline differently. The resulting Response messages corrupt caches (between a client and Squid) with attacker-controlled content at arbitrary URLs. Effects are isolated to software between the attacker client and Squid. There are no effects on Squid itself, nor on any upstream servers. The issue is related to a request header containing whitespace between a header name and a colon.

Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.6 to 2.4.46 mod_proxy_wstunnel configured on an URL that is not necessarily Upgraded by the origin server was tunneling the whole connection regardless, thus allowing for subsequent requests on the same connection to pass through with no HTTP validation, authentication or authorization possibly configured.

In JetBrains Ktor before 3.1.1 an HTTP Request Smuggling was possible

In PEPPERL+FUCHS WirelessHART-Gateway <= 3.0.8 a vulnerability may allow remote attackers to rewrite links and URLs in cached pages to arbitrary strings.

hyper is an HTTP library for rust. hyper's HTTP/1 server code had a flaw that incorrectly parses and accepts requests with a `Content-Length` header with a prefixed plus sign, when it should have been rejected as illegal. This combined with an upstream HTTP proxy that doesn't parse such `Content-Length` headers, but forwards them, can result in "request smuggling" or "desync attacks". The flaw exists in all prior versions of hyper prior to 0.14.10, if built with `rustc` v1.5.0 or newer. The vulnerability is patched in hyper version 0.14.10. Two workarounds exist: One may reject requests manually that contain a plus sign prefix in the `Content-Length` header or ensure any upstream proxy handles `Content-Length` headers with a plus sign prefix.

Ping Identity PingAccess before 5.3.3 allows HTTP request smuggling via header manipulation.

In JetBrains Ktor before 1.4.3, HTTP Request Smuggling was possible.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, before reading the first request-line, `HttpObjectDecoder` skips every byte for which `Character.isISOControl(b)` is `true` (0x00–0x1F and 0x7F) as well as all whitespace. RFC 9112 §2.2 only asks servers to ignore empty CRLF lines preceding the request-line — a carefully scoped robustness allowance intended to handle HTTP/1.0 POST workarounds. Silently absorbing NUL bytes, SOH, STX, and other non-CRLF control characters goes significantly beyond this, and can be exploited for request-boundary confusion in pipelined or multiplexed transports where a front-end component treats those bytes differently. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

Netty allows request-line validation to be bypassed when a `DefaultHttpRequest` or `DefaultFullHttpRequest` is created first and its URI is later changed via `setUri()`. The constructors reject CRLF and whitespace characters that would break the start-line, but `setUri()` does not apply the same validation. `HttpRequestEncoder` and `RtspEncoder` then write the URI into the request line verbatim. If attacker-controlled input reaches `setUri()`, this enables CRLF injection and insertion of additional HTTP or RTSP requests, leading to HTTP request smuggling or desynchronization on the HTTP side and request injection on the RTSP side. This issue is fixed in versions 4.2.13.Final and 4.1.133.Final.

Spring MVC and WebFlux applications are vulnerable to Multipart request smuggling attacks. Affected versions: Spring Framework 7.0.0 through 7.0.7; 6.2.0 through 6.2.18; 6.1.0 through 6.1.27; 5.3.0 through 5.3.48.

AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to version 3.13.4, multiple Host headers were allowed in aiohttp. This issue has been patched in version 3.13.4.

A request smuggling vulnerability exists in libsoup's HTTP/1 header parsing logic. The soup_message_headers_append_common() function in libsoup/soup-message-headers.c unconditionally appends each header value without validating for duplicate or conflicting Content-Length fields. This allows an attacker to send HTTP requests containing multiple Content-Length headers with differing values.

SQUID is vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling, caused by chunked decoder lenience, allows a remote attacker to perform Request/Response smuggling past firewall and frontend security systems.

aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. The HTTP parser in AIOHTTP has numerous problems with header parsing, which could lead to request smuggling. This parser is only used when AIOHTTP_NO_EXTENSIONS is enabled (or not using a prebuilt wheel). These bugs have been addressed in commit `d5c12ba89` which has been included in release version 3.8.6. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for these issues.

Twisted is an event-based framework for internet applications. Prior to version 23.10.0rc1, when sending multiple HTTP requests in one TCP packet, twisted.web will process the requests asynchronously without guaranteeing the response order. If one of the endpoints is controlled by an attacker, the attacker can delay the response on purpose to manipulate the response of the second request when a victim launched two requests using HTTP pipeline. Version 23.10.0rc1 contains a patch for this issue.

In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.30, 8.2.* before 8.2.24, 8.3.* before 8.3.12, erroneous parsing of multipart form data contained in an HTTP POST request could lead to legitimate data not being processed. This could lead to malicious attacker able to control part of the submitted data being able to exclude portion of other data, potentially leading to erroneous application behavior.

Starlet versions through 0.31 for Perl allows HTTP Request Smuggling via Improper Header Precedence. Starlet incorrectly prioritizes "Content-Length" over "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" when both headers are present in an HTTP request. Per RFC 7230 3.3.3, Transfer-Encoding must take precedence. An attacker could exploit this to smuggle malicious HTTP requests via a front-end reverse proxy.

Typecho v1.3.0 was discovered to contain a Client IP Spoofing vulnerability, which allows attackers to falsify their IP addresses by specifying an arbitrary IP as value of X-Forwarded-For or Client-Ip headers while performing HTTP requests.

protocol-http1 provides a low-level implementation of the HTTP/1 protocol. RFC 9112 Section 7.1 defined the format of chunk size, chunk data and chunk extension. The value of Content-Length header should be a string of 0-9 digits, the chunk size should be a string of hex digits and should split from chunk data using CRLF, and the chunk extension shouldn't contain any invisible character. However, Falcon has following behaviors while disobey the corresponding RFCs: accepting Content-Length header values that have `+` prefix, accepting Content-Length header values that written in hexadecimal with `0x` prefix, accepting `0x` and `+` prefixed chunk size, and accepting LF in chunk extension. This behavior can lead to desync when forwarding through multiple HTTP parsers, potentially results in HTTP request smuggling and firewall bypassing. This issue is fixed in `protocol-http1` v0.15.1. There are no known workarounds.

aiohttp is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. aiohttp v3.8.4 and earlier are bundled with llhttp v6.0.6. Vulnerable code is used by aiohttp for its HTTP request parser when available which is the default case when installing from a wheel. This vulnerability only affects users of aiohttp as an HTTP server (ie `aiohttp.Application`), you are not affected by this vulnerability if you are using aiohttp as an HTTP client library (ie `aiohttp.ClientSession`). Sending a crafted HTTP request will cause the server to misinterpret one of the HTTP header values leading to HTTP request smuggling. This issue has been addressed in version 3.8.5. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade can reinstall aiohttp using `AIOHTTP_NO_EXTENSIONS=1` as an environment variable to disable the llhttp HTTP request parser implementation. The pure Python implementation isn't vulnerable.

Apache Tomcat 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.6, 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.46 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.66 did not correctly parse the HTTP transfer-encoding request header in some circumstances leading to the possibility to request smuggling when used with a reverse proxy. Specifically: - Tomcat incorrectly ignored the transfer encoding header if the client declared it would only accept an HTTP/1.0 response; - Tomcat honoured the identify encoding; and - Tomcat did not ensure that, if present, the chunked encoding was the final encoding.

Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. Envoy allows mixed-case schemes in HTTP/2, however, some internal scheme checks are case-sensitive. Prior to versions 1.27.0, 1.26.4, 1.25.9, 1.24.10, and 1.23.12, this can lead to the rejection of requests with mixed-case schemes such as `htTp` or `htTps`, or the bypassing of some requests such as `https` in unencrypted connections. With a fix in versions 1.27.0, 1.26.4, 1.25.9, 1.24.10, and 1.23.12, Envoy will now lowercase scheme values by default, and change the internal scheme checks that were case-sensitive to be case-insensitive. There are no known workarounds for this issue.

VMware Horizon Server contains a HTTP request smuggling vulnerability. A malicious actor with network access may be able to perform HTTP smuggle requests.

A flaw was found in libsoup, an HTTP client/server library. This HTTP Request Smuggling vulnerability arises from non-RFC-compliant parsing in the soup_filter_input_stream_read_line() logic, where libsoup accepts malformed chunk headers, such as lone line feed (LF) characters instead of the required carriage return and line feed (CRLF). A remote attacker can exploit this without authentication or user interaction by sending specially crafted chunked requests. This allows libsoup to parse and process multiple HTTP requests from a single network message, potentially leading to information disclosure.

Eclipse Grizzly in versions before 5.0.2, cannot properly parse the trailer section in malformed trailer header's line, which can be leveraged to perform HTTP request smuggling.

AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Versions 3.13.2 and below contain parser logic which allows non-ASCII decimals to be present in the Range header. There is no known impact, but there is the possibility that there's a method to exploit a request smuggling vulnerability. This issue is fixed in version 3.13.3.