xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a timing side-channel vulnerability in the login interface. Due to a discrepancy in response processing times, a remote attacker can infer the existence of a username on the system, leading to unauthorized information disclosure via username enumeration. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

FileBrowser Quantum is a free, self-hosted, web-based file manager. Prior to version 1.3.2-beta, the `/api/auth/login` authentication endpoint does not execute in constant time. When a non-existent username is supplied, the server returns a `401`/`403` response almost immediately. When a valid username is provided, the server performs a bcrypt password comparison, causing a measurable delay in the response time. Version 1.3.2-beta patches the issue.

Crypt::Password versions through 0.28 for Perl are susceptible to timing attacks. The check_password method uses the built-in eq operator. This allows discrepancies in timing to be used to guess the underlying hash.

Mojo::JWT versions before 1.02 for Perl verify HMAC signatures with a non-constant-time string comparison. The decode() method compares the supplied signature to the recomputed HMAC with Perl's eq operator, which stops at the first differing byte, so the comparison time varies with the number of matching leading bytes. A caller that decodes attacker supplied tokens leaks the expected signature through this timing variation, which can be aggregated over many requests to recover the signature and forge a token.

HCL Aftermarket EPC is vulnerable to attack since It was found that a malicious actor can use brute-force techniques to either guess or confirm valid users in the system. Use renumeration is when a malicious actor can use brute-force techniques to either guess or confirm valid users in a system

An issue was discovered in cyrus-imapd in Cyrus IMAP through 3.12.2. There is an ESEARCH cross-user content oracle. By using the ESEARCH command, an authenticated IMAP user could enumerate folder names under any account they could name. Search would return UIDs of messages matching the search, creating a content oracle (without allowing arbitrary reads of the target's content).

Hono before 4.11.10 contains a timing attack vulnerability in the basicAuth and bearerAuth middlewares due to non-constant-time string comparison in the timingSafeEqual function. Attackers can exploit early termination of string equality checks to infer valid credentials through precise timing measurements.

Capgo (Cap-go/capgo) before 12.128.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the Supabase PostgREST SECURITY DEFINER RPC function public.rescind_invitation that allows unauthenticated attackers to enumerate organization existence. The function returns distinct error messages (NO_ORG vs NO_RIGHTS) when called with only a publishable API key, enabling attackers to discover valid organization IDs and increase the attack surface for targeted phishing or social engineering campaigns.

HCL BigFix Platform is affected by a user enumeration vulnerability which might allow an attacker, through careful system control and response time monitoring, to perform some level of user enumeration for the BigFix service.

Mojolicious versions from 4.59 before 9.48 for Perl expose a stable representation of the session CSRF token to a BREACH compression oracle. _csrf_token generates and caches one token per session and returns the same value on every call, and _csrf_field places that value in a hidden `csrf_token` input. When a response carrying the token also echoes attacker-controlled input and is gzip-compressed, the chosen values and the resulting compressed lengths form a BREACH oracle. An attacker able to query it can recover the token and pass csrf_protect validation.

SAP HANA Database (user self service tools) allows an unauthenticated user to send specially crafted requests that produce distinguishable responses, enabling enumeration of valid user accounts and email addresses. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to enumerate valid user accounts, resulting in low impact on confidentiality, with no impact on integrity and availability of the application.

Rejetto HFS 3.0.0 through 3.2.0 returns observably different responses from its login endpoint depending on whether the submitted username exists. A remote unauthenticated attacker can use this to confirm valid account names, including the default admin account, facilitating password-guessing and session-forgery attacks.

Cap-go before 12.128.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the public.transfer_app RPC function that returns distinct error messages for existing versus non-existing app IDs. Unauthenticated attackers can enumerate valid app IDs by observing error message differences when calling transfer_app with only the publishable API key.

Frappe is a full-stack web application framework. Prior to 16.16.0 and 15.106.0, user enumeration could be performed via the reset_password endpoint. This issue is fixed in versions 16.16.0 and 15.106.0.

Phalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. Prior to 5.14.1, Phalcon\Encryption\Crypt::decrypt compares the attacker-supplied HMAC tag against the freshly computed HMAC using PHP/Zephir identity comparison, which lowers to a byte-wise comparison that returns early on the first differing byte. This observable timing discrepancy can allow an attacker to recover a valid tag byte-by-byte and attach it to a chosen IV and ciphertext so that decrypt() accepts tampered encrypted content as authentic. This issue is fixed in version 5.14.1.

Open WebUI is an extensible, feature-rich, and user-friendly self-hosted AI platform. Prior to 0.10.0, the /api/v1/auths/signin endpoint looked users up by email and only ran bcrypt password verification when a credential existed, making registered-account attempts measurably slower than missing-email attempts and allowing unauthenticated account enumeration. This issue is fixed in version 0.10.0.

An issue in docuForm GmbH FSM Client v.11.11c allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the login.php component. A vulnerability was identified in the authentication mechanism that allows user enumeration through the login interface. An attacker can differentiate between valid and invalid usernames based on variations in server responses. This information can be leveraged to identify existing accounts and facilitate further attacks, including brute-force or credential stuffing.

Fiber is an Express inspired web framework written in Go. Prior to 3.3.0, the default Authorizer function in the BasicAuth middleware in middleware/basicauth/config.go uses short-circuit evaluation that skips password hash comparison for non-existent usernames, enabling reliable remote username enumeration through response timing differences. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.

A flaw was found in 389 Directory Server. The PBKDF2-SHA256 password verification function uses standard memcmp() for comparing password hashes instead of a constant-time comparison function. A remote attacker could potentially use timing measurements of LDAP bind attempts to infer partial hash information, though practical exploitation is extremely difficult due to PBKDF2 computational overhead.

OP-TEE is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) designed as companion to a non-secure Linux kernel running on Arm; Cortex-A cores using the TrustZone technology. Starting in version 4.5.0 and prior to version 4.11.0, the RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 decryption implementation in the Hisilicon HPRE crypto driver uses non-constant-time `memcmp()` for label hash verification and has multiple distinguishable error paths. This creates a Bleichenbacher-style padding oracle that allows an attacker to recover RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 plaintext. Version 4.11.0 contains a patch. As a workaround, disable Hisilicon HPRE RSA driver with `CFG_HISILICON_ACC_V3=n`.

OP-TEE is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) designed as companion to a non-secure Linux kernel running on Arm; Cortex-A cores using the TrustZone technology. Starting in version 3.9.0 and prior to version 4.11.0, the RSA-OAEP decryption implementation in the NXP CAAM crypto driver uses non-constant-time `memcmp()` for label hash verification and has multiple distinguishable error paths. This creates a Manger-style padding oracle that allows an attacker to recover RSA-OAEP plaintext with approximately 1000-2000 adaptive chosen ciphertext queries. Version 4.11.0 contains a patch. As a workaround, disable the NXP CAAM RSA driver with `CFG_CRYPTO_DRV_RSA=n`.

OP-TEE is a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) designed as companion to a non-secure Linux kernel running on Arm; Cortex-A cores using the TrustZone technology. Starting in version 4.5.0 and prior to version 4.11.0, the RSA-OAEP decryption implementation in the Hisilicon HPRE crypto driver uses non-constant-time `memcmp()` for label hash verification and has multiple distinguishable error paths. This creates a Manger-style padding oracle that allows an attacker to recover RSA-OAEP plaintext with approximately 1000-2000 adaptive chosen ciphertext queries. Only affects plat-d06 with `CFG_HISILICON_ACC_V3=y`, which seems to be disabled by default. Version 4.11.0 contains a patch. As a workaround, disable Hisilicon HPRE RSA driver with `CFG_HISILICON_ACC_V3=n`.

Observable Response Discrepancy vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftpd module) allows an authenticated SFTP user to enumerate the existence of files and directories outside the configured root directory. The SSH_FXP_REALPATH handler in ssh_sftpd calls relate_file_name/3 with Canonicalize=false, unlike every other SFTP operation handler. This allows .. components in the requested path to bypass the is_within_root/2 check without being resolved. The un-canonicalized path then enters resolve_symlinks/2, which walks up the directory tree above the configured root and issues read_link() syscalls on arbitrary filesystem paths. An authenticated SFTP client can exploit this by sending a REALPATH request with a crafted traversal path. The server response differs depending on whether the target path exists on the host filesystem (SSH_FXP_NAME when the path resolves successfully, SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE when it does not). This creates a path-existence oracle that an attacker can use to enumerate the filesystem structure outside the configured root, including the existence of sensitive files, directories, and mount points. The vulnerability leaks only the existence of paths. No file contents, credentials, or write access are obtainable through this issue alone. The information gained may assist further attacks when combined with other vulnerabilities. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl and program routine ssh_sftpd:handle_op/4. This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 until OTP 29.0.3, 28.5.0.3, and 27.3.4.14 corresponding to ssh from 3.0.1 until 6.0.2, 5.5.2.2, and 5.2.11.9.

MCO is vulnerable to User Enumeration through authentication-related functionalities. The application returns distinguishable responses for valid and invalid users during username reminder and password reset operations. An attacker can leverage these differences to enumerate valid usernames and email addresses. Because vendor contact attempts were unsuccessful, the vulnerability has only been confirmed in version 25.3.3.1 but may also affect other versions.

Inappropriate implementation in Enterprise in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to obtain potentially sensitive information from process memory via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)

Side-channel information leakage in WebAudio in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)

Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the public.invite_user_to_org RPC function that allows unauthenticated attackers to enumerate organization existence by observing distinct error responses. Attackers can call the SECURITY DEFINER function with a publishable API key to determine if an organization ID exists based on NO_ORG versus NO_RIGHTS responses, enabling tenant enumeration attacks.

Coolify is an open-source and self-hostable tool for managing servers, applications, and databases. Prior to 4.0.0-beta.461, the GitLab webhook endpoint uses a non-constant-time string comparison operator (!==) to validate the webhook secret token. This implementation is vulnerable to timing attacks, which could allow an attacker to gradually discover the secret token by measuring response time differences. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.0.0-beta.461.

CryptX versions before 0.088_001 for Perl compare AEAD authentication tags in non-constant time in the streaming decrypt_done path. The decrypt_done($tag) form compares it against the computed tag with memNE (memcmp() != 0), which short-circuits on the first differing byte, so its run time depends on the number of matching leading bytes. This affects all five AEAD modes: GCM, CCM, ChaCha20Poly1305, EAX and OCB. The one-shot *_decrypt_verify helpers are unaffected; they verify the tag inside libtomcrypt with a constant-time comparison. The timing difference is a tag-verification oracle. An attacker who can submit many candidate tags for the same nonce, ciphertext and associated data while measuring the timing precisely enough may recover the expected tag byte by byte and forge a message that verifies.

An observable timing discrepancy in the ASP could allow a privileged attacker to perform a brute-force attack against the hash message authentication code, allowing the input of an arbitrary message, potentially leading to a loss of data integrity.

An observable timing discrepancy in the ASP could allow a privileged attacker to perform a brute-force attack against the hash message authentication code, allowing arbitrary message input, potentially leading to a loss of data integrity.

Bleichenbacher padding oracle in PKCS#7 KTRI decryption. When decrypting PKCS#7 EnvelopedData using RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 key transport, wolfSSL returned distinguishable error codes depending on whether RSA padding validation failed versus whether the decrypted content was malformed. An attacker able to submit crafted EnvelopedData messages and observe error responses could use this as a padding oracle to incrementally recover the encrypted Content Encryption Key (CEK). The fix generates a deterministic pseudo-random fake CEK on padding failure (via HMAC-SHA256) and proceeds with decryption identically, using constant-time operations throughout, so that all failure paths produce the same error regardless of padding validity.

Ghost is a Node.js content management system. From 5.18.0 until 6.21.1, a discrepancy in responses from the members signin endpoints made it possible for an unauthenticated attacker to determine whether a given email address belongs to a registered member of a Ghost site. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.21.1.

NocoDB is software for building databases as spreadsheets. Prior to 2026.04.1, sign-in response timing differed between known and unknown email addresses because the unknown-user branch returned without performing a password hash comparison. This vulnerability is fixed in 2026.04.1.

NocoDB is software for building databases as spreadsheets. Prior to 2026.05.1, the shared-view password check fell back to strict-equality (===) comparison for legacy plaintext passwords, leaking the password's length and per-character prefix through response timing. This vulnerability is fixed in 2026.05.1.

Filament is a collection of full-stack components for accelerated Laravel development. From 4.0.0 until 4.11.5 and 5.6.5, the login page has an observable timing discrepancy that allows unauthenticated attackers to enumerate registered email addresses. The impact is limited to disclosing whether an account exists for a given email. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.11.5 and 5.6.5.

Cap-go before 12.128.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the OPTIONS /build/upload/:jobId/* endpoint that allows unauthenticated attackers to enumerate valid builder job IDs through observable response discrepancies. Attackers can probe the endpoint without authentication to distinguish valid job IDs from invalid ones and generate sustained unauthenticated traffic for resource consumption.

Capgo before 12.128.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the GET /statistics/app/:app_id endpoint that allows app-limited API keys to distinguish existing sibling app IDs through differential error responses. Attackers can enumerate real app IDs outside their allowed scope by observing 500 PGRST116 errors for inaccessible apps versus 401 errors for nonexistent apps, breaking tenant isolation.

Joomla com_booking component 2.4.9 contains an information disclosure vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to enumerate user accounts by exploiting the getUserData function in the customer controller. Attackers can send GET requests to index.php with option=com_booking, controller=customer, task=getUserData, and an id parameter to retrieve user names, usernames, and email addresses through brute force enumeration.

vantage6 is an open-source infrastructure for privacy preserving analysis. Versions prior to 5.0.0 provide an initial user with username `root` and password `root`. This is not ideal because attackers know that almost all vantage6 servers have a user with username `root` that probably has admin rights, and the initial password is very weak and it is possible that administrators forget to reset it. Version 5.0.0 fixes the issue. As a workaround, it is possible to delete the `root` user after it has been used to create other users.

Linux-PAM through 1.7.2 contains an observable timing discrepancy (CWE-208) in the pam_userdb module's plaintext-password comparison path in modules/pam_userdb/pam_userdb.c that allows a local or network-adjacent attacker able to repeatedly drive authentication through a calling service to recover the plaintext password of a target account by measuring response-timing differences. The comparison uses strncmp() (or strncasecmp() when PAM_ICASE_ARG is set) preceded by a length-equality check, so the time to reject a candidate depends on the index of the first differing byte and on whether the candidate's length matches the stored password, leaking the password length and individual prefix bytes. The vulnerable path is reached when the administrator configures pam_userdb with crypt=none, with an unrecognized crypt method, or without a crypt= argument, causing the module to store and compare credentials in plaintext.

Crypt::PBKDF2 versions before 0.261630 for Perl are vulnerable to timing attacks. These versions use Perl's built-in eq comparison. Discrepancies in timing could be used to guess the underlying derived-key.

Shopware is an open commerce platform. Prior to versions 6.6.10.18 and 6.7.10.1, an attacker is able to enumerate the usernames of administrator users by performing a timing attack. Versions 6.6.10.18 and 6.7.10.1 fix the issue.

Observable Timing Discrepancy vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssh (ssh_auth, ssh_options modules) allows unauthenticated remote username enumeration via timing side-channel in password authentication. When the SSH daemon is configured with the user_passwords or password option, ssh_auth:check_password/3 performs a PBKDF2-SHA256 computation with 600,000 iterations (~300ms) for valid usernames, but returns immediately (~0ms) for invalid usernames via the ssh_options:get_password_option/2 path. This timing difference is detectable in a single authentication attempt and allows an unauthenticated attacker to distinguish valid from invalid usernames. The user_passwords and password options are documented as intended for test purposes; the recommended alternative is pwdfun, which is not affected by this vulnerability. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_auth.erl and lib/ssh/src/ssh_options.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 29.0 before 29.0.2 corresponding to ssh from 6.0 before 6.0.1.

Side-channel information leakage in Paint in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)

Side-channel information leakage in PerformanceAPIs in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)

FOSSBilling is a free, open-source billing and client management system. Prior to version 0.8.0, the password reset confirmation endpoint `/client/reset-password-confirm/:hash` is handled by a non-API controller and is not covered by FOSSBilling's rate limiter, which only applies to `/api/*` routes. This allows an attacker to probe the endpoint for valid reset tokens without any per-IP request limiting, attempt counting, or lockout mechanism. The endpoint acts as an oracle, returning a distinguishable response for valid versus invalid tokens (HTTP 200 vs HTTP 302 redirect). An attacker can submit unlimited token guesses to the password reset confirmation endpoint with no throttling applied. However, practical exploitability is significantly mitigated by the current token generation, which uses `hash('sha256', random_bytes(32))`, providing 256 bits of entropy. Tokens also expire after 15 minutes and are deleted after successful use. The same architectural gap applies to other controller-served auth routes, including `/staff/email/:hash` (admin password reset confirmation) and `/client/confirm-email/:hash` (email confirmation). Version 0.8.0 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. Configure a reverse proxy (e.g., Nginx, Apache, Cloudflare) to apply per-IP rate limiting to the `/client/reset-password-confirm/*` and `/staff/email/*` paths and/or use a WAF rule to limit request rates to these endpoints.

A flaw was found in gnutls. The PKCS#7 padding check, performed during decryption, was not constant-time. This timing side-channel could allow a remote attacker to potentially leak sensitive information about the padding bytes through observable timing differences. This vulnerability is a form of information disclosure.

FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. Prior to 1.8.219, the password reset endpoint returns visually distinct responses depending on whether the submitted email address belongs to an existing user account, allowing unauthenticated attackers to enumerate valid helpdesk agent email addresses. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.219.

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In 29.0 and earlier, objects/mention.json.php has no User::loginCheck() or admin gate. It only has an entry guard: preg_match('/^@/', $_REQUEST['term']) and hard-coded rowCount=10. This enables unauthenticated user enumeration.