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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2016-8671

Summary
Assigner-mitre
Assigner Org ID-8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca
Published At-13 Jan, 2017 | 16:00
Updated At-06 Aug, 2024 | 02:27
Rejected At-
Credits

The pstm_exptmod function in MatrixSSL 3.8.6 and earlier does not properly perform modular exponentiation, which might allow remote attackers to predict the secret key via unspecified vectors. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-6887.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:mitre
Assigner Org ID:8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca
Published At:13 Jan, 2017 | 16:00
Updated At:06 Aug, 2024 | 02:27
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)

The pstm_exptmod function in MatrixSSL 3.8.6 and earlier does not properly perform modular exponentiation, which might allow remote attackers to predict the secret key via unspecified vectors. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-6887.

Affected Products
Vendor
n/a
Product
n/a
Versions
Affected
  • n/a
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
textN/An/a
Type: text
CWE ID: N/A
Description: n/a
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/8
mailing-list
x_refsource_MLIST
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/2
mailing-list
x_refsource_MLIST
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95439
vdb-entry
x_refsource_BID
https://blog.fuzzing-project.org/54-Update-on-MatrixSSL-miscalculation-CVE-2016-8671%2C-incomplete-fix-for-CVE-2016-6887.html
x_refsource_MISC
Hyperlink: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/8
Resource:
mailing-list
x_refsource_MLIST
Hyperlink: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/2
Resource:
mailing-list
x_refsource_MLIST
Hyperlink: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95439
Resource:
vdb-entry
x_refsource_BID
Hyperlink: https://blog.fuzzing-project.org/54-Update-on-MatrixSSL-miscalculation-CVE-2016-8671%2C-incomplete-fix-for-CVE-2016-6887.html
Resource:
x_refsource_MISC
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CVE Program Container
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/8
mailing-list
x_refsource_MLIST
x_transferred
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/2
mailing-list
x_refsource_MLIST
x_transferred
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95439
vdb-entry
x_refsource_BID
x_transferred
https://blog.fuzzing-project.org/54-Update-on-MatrixSSL-miscalculation-CVE-2016-8671%2C-incomplete-fix-for-CVE-2016-6887.html
x_refsource_MISC
x_transferred
Hyperlink: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/8
Resource:
mailing-list
x_refsource_MLIST
x_transferred
Hyperlink: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/2
Resource:
mailing-list
x_refsource_MLIST
x_transferred
Hyperlink: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95439
Resource:
vdb-entry
x_refsource_BID
x_transferred
Hyperlink: https://blog.fuzzing-project.org/54-Update-on-MatrixSSL-miscalculation-CVE-2016-8671%2C-incomplete-fix-for-CVE-2016-6887.html
Resource:
x_refsource_MISC
x_transferred
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:cve@mitre.org
Published At:13 Jan, 2017 | 16:59
Updated At:20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37

The pstm_exptmod function in MatrixSSL 3.8.6 and earlier does not properly perform modular exponentiation, which might allow remote attackers to predict the secret key via unspecified vectors. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2016-6887.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Primary3.05.9MEDIUM
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Primary2.04.3MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
Type: Primary
Version: 3.0
Base score: 5.9
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Type: Primary
Version: 2.0
Base score: 4.3
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N
CPE Matches

matrixssl
matrixssl
>>matrixssl>>Versions up to 3.8.6(inclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:matrixssl:matrixssl:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-200Primarynvd@nist.gov
CWE ID: CWE-200
Type: Primary
Source: nvd@nist.gov
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/2cve@mitre.org
Mailing List
Third Party Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/8cve@mitre.org
Mailing List
Third Party Advisory
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95439cve@mitre.org
N/A
https://blog.fuzzing-project.org/54-Update-on-MatrixSSL-miscalculation-CVE-2016-8671%2C-incomplete-fix-for-CVE-2016-6887.htmlcve@mitre.org
N/A
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/2af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Mailing List
Third Party Advisory
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/8af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Mailing List
Third Party Advisory
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95439af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
N/A
https://blog.fuzzing-project.org/54-Update-on-MatrixSSL-miscalculation-CVE-2016-8671%2C-incomplete-fix-for-CVE-2016-6887.htmlaf854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
N/A
Hyperlink: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/2
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Mailing List
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/8
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Mailing List
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95439
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://blog.fuzzing-project.org/54-Update-on-MatrixSSL-miscalculation-CVE-2016-8671%2C-incomplete-fix-for-CVE-2016-6887.html
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/2
Source: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Resource:
Mailing List
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/10/15/8
Source: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Resource:
Mailing List
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95439
Source: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://blog.fuzzing-project.org/54-Update-on-MatrixSSL-miscalculation-CVE-2016-8671%2C-incomplete-fix-for-CVE-2016-6887.html
Source: af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Resource: N/A

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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Matching Score-10
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-10
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CVSS Score-5.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.30% / 52.71%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Jan, 2017 | 16:00
Updated-20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The pstm_exptmod function in MatrixSSL 3.8.6 and earlier does not properly perform modular exponentiation, which might allow remote attackers to predict the secret key via a CRT attack.

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Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
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KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

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Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
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EPSS-0.24% / 46.69%
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7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-17 Jul, 2018 | 02:00
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Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

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CWE ID-CWE-200
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Matching Score-4
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Matching Score-4
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||
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Rejected-Not Available
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Vendor-n/aOpera
Product-operan/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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EPSS-0.03% / 8.16%
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Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

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Vendor-francisco_burzin/a
Product-php-nuken/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
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Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aThe Apache Software Foundation
Product-http_servern/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2021-43067
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fortinet, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fortinet, Inc.
CVSS Score-8.3||HIGH
EPSS-0.40% / 59.83%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Dec, 2021 | 11:22
Updated-25 Oct, 2024 | 13:42
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

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Action-Not Available
Vendor-Fortinet, Inc.
Product-fortiauthenticatorFortinet FortiAuthenticator
CWE ID-CWE-200
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CVE-2021-43536
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.50% / 65.50%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Dec, 2021 | 21:20
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 03:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Under certain circumstances, asynchronous functions could have caused a navigation to fail but expose the target URL. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 91.4.0, Firefox ESR < 91.4.0, and Firefox < 95.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Debian GNU/LinuxMozilla Corporation
Product-firefoxthunderbirddebian_linuxfirefox_esrThunderbirdFirefox ESRFirefox
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2021-41124
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.4||HIGH
EPSS-0.28% / 51.33%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-05 Oct, 2021 | 21:00
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 02:59
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Splash authentication credentials potentially leaked to target websites in scrapy-splash

Scrapy-splash is a library which provides Scrapy and JavaScript integration. In affected versions users who use [`HttpAuthMiddleware`](http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#module-scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth) (i.e. the `http_user` and `http_pass` spider attributes) for Splash authentication will have any non-Splash request expose your credentials to the request target. This includes `robots.txt` requests sent by Scrapy when the `ROBOTSTXT_OBEY` setting is set to `True`. Upgrade to scrapy-splash 0.8.0 and use the new `SPLASH_USER` and `SPLASH_PASS` settings instead to set your Splash authentication credentials safely. If you cannot upgrade, set your Splash request credentials on a per-request basis, [using the `splash_headers` request parameter](https://github.com/scrapy-plugins/scrapy-splash/tree/0.8.x#http-basic-auth), instead of defining them globally using the [`HttpAuthMiddleware`](http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#module-scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth). Alternatively, make sure all your requests go through Splash. That includes disabling the [robots.txt middleware](https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#topics-dlmw-robots).

Action-Not Available
Vendor-zytescrapy-plugins
Product-scrapy-splashscrapy-splash
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-1284
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apache Software Foundation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apache Software Foundation
CVSS Score-3.7||LOW
EPSS-0.47% / 63.99%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-05 Apr, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 18:38
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Apache Hive 0.6.0 to 2.3.2, malicious user might use any xpath UDFs (xpath/xpath_string/xpath_boolean/xpath_number/xpath_double/xpath_float/xpath_long/xpath_int/xpath_short) to expose the content of a file on the machine running HiveServer2 owned by HiveServer2 user (usually hive) if hive.server2.enable.doAs=false.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-The Apache Software Foundation
Product-hiveApache Hive
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2021-41109
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.36% / 57.80%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 Sep, 2021 | 15:10
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 02:59
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
LiveQuery publishes user session tokens

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to version 4.10.4, for regular (non-LiveQuery) queries, the session token is removed from the response, but for LiveQuery payloads it is currently not. If a user has a LiveQuery subscription on the `Parse.User` class, all session tokens created during user sign-ups will be broadcast as part of the LiveQuery payload. A patch in version 4.10.4 removes session tokens from the LiveQuery payload. As a workaround, set `user.acl(new Parse.ACL())` in a beforeSave trigger to make the user private already on sign-up.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-parseplatformparse-community
Product-parse-serverparse-server
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2021-41090
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.72% / 72.00%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Dec, 2021 | 16:15
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 02:59
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Instance config inline secret exposure

Grafana Agent is a telemetry collector for sending metrics, logs, and trace data to the opinionated Grafana observability stack. Prior to versions 0.20.1 and 0.21.2, inline secrets defined within a metrics instance config are exposed in plaintext over two endpoints: metrics instance configs defined in the base YAML file are exposed at `/-/config` and metrics instance configs defined for the scraping service are exposed at `/agent/api/v1/configs/:key`. Inline secrets will be exposed to anyone being able to reach these endpoints. If HTTPS with client authentication is not configured, these endpoints are accessible to unauthenticated users. Secrets found in these sections are used for delivering metrics to a Prometheus Remote Write system, authenticating against a system for discovering Prometheus targets, and authenticating against a system for collecting metrics. This does not apply for non-inlined secrets, such as `*_file` based secrets. This issue is patched in Grafana Agent versions 0.20.1 and 0.21.2. A few workarounds are available. Users who cannot upgrade should use non-inline secrets where possible. Users may also desire to restrict API access to Grafana Agent with some combination of restricting the network interfaces Grafana Agent listens on through `http_listen_address` in the `server` block, configuring Grafana Agent to use HTTPS with client authentication, and/or using firewall rules to restrict external access to Grafana Agent's API.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Grafana Labs
Product-agentagent
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CWE ID-CWE-312
Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information
CVE-2020-0488
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Android (associated with Google Inc. or Open Handset Alliance)
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Android (associated with Google Inc. or Open Handset Alliance)
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.24% / 47.37%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Dec, 2020 | 15:56
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 06:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In ihevc_inter_pred_chroma_copy_ssse3 of ihevc_inter_pred_filters_ssse3_intr.c, there is a possible information disclosure due to uninitialized data. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-158484516

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aGoogle LLC
Product-androidAndroid
CWE ID-CWE-909
Missing Initialization of Resource
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-12329
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-5.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.30% / 52.48%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-17 Jun, 2018 | 16:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 08:30
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Protection Mechanism Failure in ECOS Secure Boot Stick (aka SBS) 5.6.5 allows a local attacker to duplicate an authentication factor via cloning.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-ecosn/a
Product-secure_boot_stick_firmwaresecure_boot_stickn/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-12161
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Intel Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Intel Corporation
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.29% / 52.28%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Oct, 2018 | 18:00
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 00:26
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Insufficient session validation in the webserver component of the Intel Rapid Web Server 3 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially disclose information via network access.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Intel Corporation
Product-raid_web_consoleIntel RAID Web Server 3
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-11621
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.20% / 42.02%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-31 Jul, 2018 | 20:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 08:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.1.1049. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within ConvertToPDF_x86.dll. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-5896.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft CorporationFoxit Software Incorporated
Product-phantompdfwindowsfoxit_readerFoxit Reader
CWE ID-CWE-125
Out-of-bounds Read
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-1200
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.38% / 58.87%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Mar, 2018 | 20:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 16:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Apps Manager for PCF (Pivotal Application Service 1.11.x before 1.11.26, 1.12.x before 1.12.14, and 2.0.x before 2.0.5) allows unprivileged remote file read in its container via specially-crafted links.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Dell Inc.VMware (Broadcom Inc.)
Product-pivotal_application_serviceApps Manager for PCF
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-12358
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
CVSS Score-4.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.29% / 51.61%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 Oct, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 08:30
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Service workers can use redirection to avoid the tainting of cross-origin resources in some instances, allowing a malicious site to read responses which are supposed to be opaque. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 61.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Mozilla CorporationCanonical Ltd.
Product-firefoxubuntu_linuxFirefox
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-12372
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.79% / 73.38%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 Oct, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 08:30
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Decrypted S/MIME parts, when included in HTML crafted for an attack, can leak plaintext when included in a a HTML reply/forward. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 52.9.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Canonical Ltd.Red Hat, Inc.Mozilla CorporationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-enterprise_linux_serverubuntu_linuxthunderbirddebian_linuxenterprise_linux_workstationenterprise_linuxenterprise_linux_desktopThunderbird
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-1175
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.19% / 40.84%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-17 May, 2018 | 15:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 03:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on vulnerable installations of Foxit Reader 9.0.0.29935. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the interactive attribute of PrintParams objects. The issue results from the lack of proper initialization of memory prior to accessing it. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-5438.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Foxit Software Incorporated
Product-phantompdffoxit_readerFoxit Reader
CWE ID-CWE-665
Improper Initialization
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-12374
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
CVSS Score-4.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.76% / 72.97%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 Oct, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 08:30
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Plaintext of decrypted emails can leak through by user submitting an embedded form by pressing enter key within a text input field. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 52.9.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Canonical Ltd.Red Hat, Inc.Mozilla CorporationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-enterprise_linux_serverubuntu_linuxthunderbirddebian_linuxenterprise_linux_workstationenterprise_linuxenterprise_linux_desktopThunderbird
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2019-9179
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-3.7||LOW
EPSS-0.17% / 37.85%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-17 Apr, 2019 | 16:31
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 21:38
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An issue was discovered in GitLab Community and Enterprise Edition before 11.6.10, 11.7.x before 11.7.6, and 11.8.x before 11.8.1. It allows Information Exposure (issue 5 of 5).

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aGitLab Inc.
Product-gitlabn/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-12373
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.10% / 77.66%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 Oct, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 08:31
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

dDecrypted S/MIME parts hidden with CSS or the plaintext HTML tag can leak plaintext when included in a HTML reply/forward. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 52.9.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Canonical Ltd.Red Hat, Inc.Mozilla CorporationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-enterprise_linux_serverubuntu_linuxthunderbirddebian_linuxenterprise_linux_workstationenterprise_linuxenterprise_linux_desktopThunderbird
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2013-3023
Matching Score-4
Assigner-IBM Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-IBM Corporation
CVSS Score-8.1||HIGH
EPSS-0.27% / 50.31%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-24 May, 2018 | 21:00
Updated-06 Aug, 2024 | 16:00
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

IBM Tivoli Application Dependency Discovery Manager (TADDM) 7.1.2 and 7.2.0 through 7.2.1.4 might allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information about Tomcat credentials by sniffing the network for a session in which HTTP is used. IBM X-Force ID: 84361.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aIBM Corporation
Product-tivoli_application_dependency_discovery_managern/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2019-9424
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Android (associated with Google Inc. or Open Handset Alliance)
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Android (associated with Google Inc. or Open Handset Alliance)
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.12% / 31.70%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-27 Sep, 2019 | 18:05
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 21:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In the Screen Lock, there is a possible information disclosure due to an unusual root cause. In certain circumstances, the setting to hide the unlock pattern can be ignored. Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-110941092

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aGoogle LLC
Product-androidAndroid
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-12365
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Mozilla Corporation
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-2.05% / 83.54%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 Oct, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-21 Oct, 2024 | 13:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A compromised IPC child process can escape the content sandbox and list the names of arbitrary files on the file system without user consent or interaction. This could result in exposure of private local files. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 60, Thunderbird < 52.9, Firefox ESR < 60.1, Firefox ESR < 52.9, and Firefox < 61.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Canonical Ltd.Red Hat, Inc.Mozilla CorporationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-enterprise_linux_serverubuntu_linuxdebian_linuxthunderbirdenterprise_linux_server_eusfirefoxfirefox_esrenterprise_linux_server_ausenterprise_linux_workstationenterprise_linux_server_tusenterprise_linux_desktopThunderbirdFirefox ESRFirefox
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-11435
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.31% / 53.55%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 May, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 08:10
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The mobi_decompress_huffman_internal function in compression.c in Libmobi 0.3 allows remote attackers to cause information disclosure (read access violation) via a crafted mobi file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-libmobi_projectn/a
Product-libmobin/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2013-3587
Matching Score-4
Assigner-CERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-CERT/CC
CVSS Score-5.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-25.30% / 96.06%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-21 Feb, 2020 | 17:11
Updated-06 Aug, 2024 | 16:14
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The HTTPS protocol, as used in unspecified web applications, can encrypt compressed data without properly obfuscating the length of the unencrypted data, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain plaintext secret values by observing length differences during a series of guesses in which a string in an HTTP request URL potentially matches an unknown string in an HTTP response body, aka a "BREACH" attack, a different issue than CVE-2012-4929.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aF5, Inc.
Product-firepassbig-ip_edge_gatewaybig-ip_webacceleratorbig-ip_application_acceleration_managerbig-ip_protocol_security_modulebig-ip_link_controllerbig-ip_policy_enforcement_managerbig-ip_wan_optimization_managerarxbig-ip_analyticsbig-ip_access_policy_managerbig-ip_local_traffic_managerbig-ip_advanced_firewall_managerbig-ip_application_security_managerHTTPS protocol
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-10859
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Red Hat, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Red Hat, Inc.
CVSS Score-5.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.50% / 65.42%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Jul, 2018 | 18:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

git-annex is vulnerable to an Information Exposure when decrypting files. A malicious server for a special remote could trick git-annex into decrypting a file that was encrypted to the user's gpg key. This attack could be used to expose encrypted data that was never stored in git-annex

Action-Not Available
Vendor-git-annex_project[UNKNOWN]Debian GNU/Linux
Product-git-annexdebian_linuxgit-annex
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-11037
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.48% / 64.72%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 May, 2018 | 03:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Exiv2 0.26, the Exiv2::PngImage::printStructure function in pngimage.cpp allows remote attackers to cause an information leak via a crafted file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aExiv2
Product-exiv2n/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2019-7628
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-5.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.20% / 41.95%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Feb, 2019 | 03:00
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 20:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Pagure 5.2 leaks API keys by e-mailing them to users. Few e-mail servers validate TLS certificates, so it is easy for man-in-the-middle attackers to read these e-mails and gain access to Pagure on behalf of other users. This issue is found in the API token expiration reminder cron job in files/api_key_expire_mail.py; disabling that job is also a viable solution. (E-mailing a substring of the API key was an attempted, but rejected, solution.)

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aRed Hat, Inc.
Product-paguren/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2013-3137
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-4.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-13.70% / 94.09%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Sep, 2013 | 10:00
Updated-11 Apr, 2025 | 00:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Microsoft FrontPage 2003 SP3 does not properly parse DTDs, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via crafted XML data in a FrontPage document, aka "XML Disclosure Vulnerability."

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aMicrosoft Corporation
Product-frontpagen/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2019-8286
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Kaspersky
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Kaspersky
CVSS Score-4.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.36% / 57.86%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 Jul, 2019 | 18:34
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 21:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Information Disclosure in Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Total Security versions up to 2019 could potentially disclose unique Product ID by forcing victim to visit a specially crafted webpage (for example, via clicking phishing link). Vulnerability has CVSS v3.0 base score 2.6

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Kaspersky Lab
Product-internet_securitysmall_office_securityfree_anti-virusanti-virustotal_securityKaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Total Security
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-10857
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Red Hat, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Red Hat, Inc.
CVSS Score-5.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.50% / 65.42%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Jul, 2018 | 20:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

git-annex is vulnerable to a private data exposure and exfiltration attack. It could expose the content of files located outside the git-annex repository, or content from a private web server on localhost or the LAN.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-git-annex_project[UNKNOWN]Debian GNU/Linux
Product-git-annexdebian_linuxgit-annex
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2019-5884
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-5.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.32% / 54.25%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Jan, 2019 | 06:00
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 20:09
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

php/elFinder.class.php in elFinder before 2.1.45 leaks information if PHP's curl extension is enabled and safe_mode or open_basedir is not set.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-std42n/a
Product-elfindern/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2021-21816
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-77.27% / 98.94%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Jul, 2021 | 10:28
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 18:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the Syslog functionality of D-LINK DIR-3040 1.13B03. A specially crafted network request can lead to the disclosure of sensitive information. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aD-Link Corporation
Product-dir-3040_firmwaredir-3040D-LINK
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2019-5880
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Chrome
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Chrome
CVSS Score-7.4||HIGH
EPSS-0.34% / 55.90%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-25 Nov, 2019 | 14:22
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 20:09
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Insufficient policy enforcement in Blink in Google Chrome prior to 77.0.3865.75 allowed a remote attacker to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Google LLC
Product-chromeChrome
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-1000600
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-8.8||HIGH
EPSS-93.51% / 99.82%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Jun, 2018 | 17:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 23:01
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A exposure of sensitive information vulnerability exists in Jenkins GitHub Plugin 1.29.1 and earlier in GitHubTokenCredentialsCreator.java that allows attackers to an attacker-specified URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aJenkins
Product-githubn/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2017-8239
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Qualcomm, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Qualcomm, Inc.
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.12% / 31.95%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Jun, 2017 | 20:00
Updated-20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, userspace-controlled parameters for flash initialization are not sanitized potentially leading to exposure of kernel memory.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Google LLCQualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Product-androidAll Qualcomm products
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-0839
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-4.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-12.83% / 93.86%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Feb, 2018 | 02:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 19:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Microsoft Edge in Microsoft Windows 10 1703 allows information disclosure, due to how Edge handles objects in memory, aka "Microsoft Edge Information Disclosure Vulnerability". This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-0763.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-edgewindows_10Microsoft Edge
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2019-4193
Matching Score-4
Assigner-IBM Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-IBM Corporation
CVSS Score-5.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.30% / 52.81%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Jul, 2019 | 19:55
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 17:58
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

IBM Jazz for Service Management 1.1.3 and 1.1.3.2 stores sensitive information in URL parameters. This may lead to information disclosure if unauthorized parties have access to the URLs via server logs, referrer header or browser history. IBM X-force ID: 159032.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-IBM CorporationLinux Kernel Organization, IncMicrosoft Corporation
Product-linux_kernelaixwindowsjazz_for_service_managementJazz for Service Management
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2017-7173
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apple Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apple Inc.
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-4.08% / 88.29%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 Apr, 2018 | 06:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 15:56
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. macOS before 10.13.2 is affected. The issue involves the "Kernel" component. It allows attackers to bypass intended memory-read restrictions via a crafted app.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aApple Inc.
Product-mac_os_xn/a
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CVE-2018-0932
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-4.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-11.40% / 93.40%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Mar, 2018 | 17:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 22:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Internet Explorer in Microsoft Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1 and Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2012 and R2, and Microsoft Edge and Internet Explorer in Windows 10 Gold, 1511, 1607, 1703, 1709, Windows Server 2016 and Windows Server, version 1709 allows information disclosure, due to how Microsoft browsers handle objects in memory, aka "Microsoft Browser Information Disclosure Vulnerability".

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-internet_explorerwindows_server_2016windows_server_2012windows_8.1windows_rt_8.1windows_7windows_10windows_server_2008edgeInternet Explorer, Microsoft Edge
CWE ID-CWE-200
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
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