Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.3.0, RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification code is lenient in checking the digest algorithm structure. This can allow a crafted structure that steals padding bytes and uses unchecked portion of the PKCS#1 encoded message to forge a signature when a low public exponent is being used. The issue has been addressed in `node-forge` version 1.3.0. There are currently no known workarounds.

ecdsautils is a tiny collection of programs used for ECDSA (keygen, sign, verify). `ecdsa_verify_[prepare_]legacy()` does not check whether the signature values `r` and `s` are non-zero. A signature consisting only of zeroes is always considered valid, making it trivial to forge signatures. Requiring multiple signatures from different public keys does not mitigate the issue: `ecdsa_verify_list_legacy()` will accept an arbitrary number of such forged signatures. Both the `ecdsautil verify` CLI command and the libecdsautil library are affected. The issue has been fixed in ecdsautils 0.4.1. All older versions of ecdsautils (including versions before the split into a library and a CLI utility) are vulnerable.

A Security Bypass vulnerability exists in Ubuntu Cobbler before 2,2,2 in the cobbler-ubuntu-import script due to an error when verifying the GPG signature.

A vulnerability in the Cisco node-jose open source library before 0.11.0 could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to re-sign tokens using a key that is embedded within the token. The vulnerability is due to node-jose following the JSON Web Signature (JWS) standard for JSON Web Tokens (JWTs). This standard specifies that a JSON Web Key (JWK) representing a public key can be embedded within the header of a JWS. This public key is then trusted for verification. An attacker could exploit this by forging valid JWS objects by removing the original signature, adding a new public key to the header, and then signing the object using the (attacker-owned) private key associated with the public key embedded in that JWS header.

Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA bcpkix on all (pkix modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPKIX-FIPS bcpkix on All (pkix modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPIX-LTS bcpkix on All (pkix modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files JcaContentVerifierProviderBuilder.Java, JcaContentVerfierProviderBuilder.Java. This issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.67 before 1.80.2, from 1.81 before 1.81.1, from 1.82 before 1.84; BCPKIX-FIPS: from 2.0.6 before 2.0.11, from 2.1.7 before 2.1.11; BCPIX-LTS: from 2.73.7 before 2.73.11.

Huawei APP HiWallet earlier than 5.0.3.100 versions do not support signature verification for APK file. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the APK and upload modified APK file. Successful exploit could lead to the APP is hijacking.

Grandstream BudgeTone (BT) 100 Voice over IP (VoIP) phones do not properly check the Call-ID, branch, and tag values in a NOTIFY message to verify a subscription, which allows remote attackers to spoof messages such as the "Messages waiting" message.

An issue was discovered in Enigmail before 1.9.9. Signature spoofing is possible because the UI does not properly distinguish between an attachment signature, and a signature that applies to the entire containing message, aka TBE-01-021. This is demonstrated by an e-mail message with an attachment that is a signed e-mail message in message/rfc822 format.

An issue was discovered in Enigmail before 1.9.9. In a variant of CVE-2017-17847, signature spoofing is possible for multipart/related messages because a signed message part can be referenced with a cid: URI but not actually displayed. In other words, the entire containing message appears to be signed, but the recipient does not see any of the signed text.

lepture Authlib before 1.3.1 has algorithm confusion with asymmetric public keys. Unless an algorithm is specified in a jwt.decode call, HMAC verification is allowed with any asymmetric public key. (This is similar to CVE-2022-29217 and CVE-2024-33663.)

Http-signature is a "Reference implementation of Joyent's HTTP Signature Scheme". In versions <=0.9.11, http-signature signs only the header values, but not the header names. This makes http-signature vulnerable to header forgery. Thus, if an attacker can intercept a request, he can swap header names and change the meaning of the request without changing the signature.

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (CWE-347) in Elastic Package Registry could allow an attacker positioned to intercept network traffic, or to otherwise influence the contents served to a self-hosted registry, to substitute a tampered package without the integrity check failing closed.

goxmlsig provides XML Digital Signatures implemented in Go. Prior to version 1.6.0, the `validateSignature` function in `validate.go` goes through the references in the `SignedInfo` block to find one that matches the signed element's ID. In Go versions before 1.22, or when `go.mod` uses an older version, there is a loop variable capture issue. The code takes the address of the loop variable `_ref` instead of its value. As a result, if more than one reference matches the ID or if the loop logic is incorrect, the `ref` pointer will always end up pointing to the last element in the `SignedInfo.References` slice after the loop. goxmlsig version 1.6.0 contains a patch.

Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, Ed25519 signature verification accepts forged non-canonical signatures where the scalar S is not reduced modulo the group order (`S >= L`). A valid signature and its `S + L` variant both verify in forge, while Node.js `crypto.verify` (OpenSSL-backed) rejects the `S + L` variant, as defined by the specification. This class of signature malleability has been exploited in practice to bypass authentication and authorization logic (see CVE-2026-25793, CVE-2022-35961). Applications relying on signature uniqueness (i.e., dedup by signature bytes, replay tracking, signed-object canonicalization checks) may be bypassed. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.

Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, RSASSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification accepts forged signatures for low public exponent keys (e=3). Attackers can forge signatures by stuffing “garbage” bytes within the ASN structure in order to construct a signature that passes verification, enabling Bleichenbacher style forgery. This issue is similar to CVE-2022-24771, but adds bytes in an addition field within the ASN structure, rather than outside of it. Additionally, forge does not validate that signatures include a minimum of 8 bytes of padding as defined by the specification, providing attackers additional space to construct Bleichenbacher forgeries. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.

Improper signature validation in PKCS7_verify() in AWS-LC allows an unauthenticated user to bypass signature verification when processing PKCS7 objects with Authenticated Attributes. Customers of AWS services do not need to take action. Applications using AWS-LC should upgrade to AWS-LC version 1.69.0.

Botan is a C++ cryptography library. From version 3.0.0 to before version 3.11.0, during X509 path validation, OCSP responses were checked for an appropriate status code, but critically omitted verifying the signature of the OCSP response itself. This issue has been patched in version 3.11.0.

Go ShangMi (Commercial Cryptography) Library (GMSM) is a cryptographic library that covers the Chinese commercial cryptographic public algorithms SM2/SM3/SM4/SM9/ZUC. Prior to 0.41.1, the current SM9 decryption implementation contains an infinity-point ciphertext forgery vulnerability. The root cause is that, during decryption, the elliptic-curve point C1 in the ciphertext is only deserialized and checked to be on the curve, but the implementation does not explicitly reject the point at infinity. In the current implementation, an attacker can construct C1 as the point at infinity, causing the bilinear pairing result to degenerate into the identity element in the GT group. As a result, a critical part of the key derivation input becomes a predictable constant. An attacker who only knows the target user's UID can derive the decryption key material and then forge a ciphertext that passes the integrity check. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.41.1.

PyJWT is a JSON Web Token implementation in Python. Prior to 2.12.0, PyJWT does not validate the crit (Critical) Header Parameter defined in RFC 7515 §4.1.11. When a JWS token contains a crit array listing extensions that PyJWT does not understand, the library accepts the token instead of rejecting it. This violates the MUST requirement in the RFC. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.12.0.

In JetBrains ToolBox version 1.17 before 1.17.6856, the set of signature verifications omitted the jetbrains-toolbox.exe file.

An issue was discovered in DP3T-Backend-SDK before 1.1.1 for Decentralised Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (DP3T). When it is configured to check JWT before uploading/publishing keys, it is possible to skip the signature check by providing a JWT token with alg=none.

Misskey is an open source, federated social media platform. All Misskey servers prior to 2026.3.1 contain a vulnerability that allows bypassing HTTP signature verification. Although this is a vulnerability related to federation, it affects all servers regardless of whether federation is enabled or disabled. This vulnerability is fixed in 2026.3.1.

An issue was discovered in the jsrsasign package through 8.0.18 for Node.js. It allows a malleability in ECDSA signatures by not checking overflows in the length of a sequence and '0' characters appended or prepended to an integer. The modified signatures are verified as valid. This could have a security-relevant impact if an application relied on a single canonical signature.

Cisco IOS software 11.3 through 12.2 running on Cisco uBR7200 and uBR7100 series Universal Broadband Routers allows remote attackers to modify Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) settings via a DOCSIS file without a Message Integrity Check (MIC) signature, which is approved by the router.

CodeMeter (All versions prior to 6.90 when using CmActLicense update files with CmActLicense Firm Code) has an issue in the license-file signature checking mechanism, which allows attackers to build arbitrary license files, including forging a valid license file as if it were a valid license file of an existing vendor. Only CmActLicense update files with CmActLicense Firm Code are affected.

go-tuf is a Go implementation of The Update Framework (TUF). Starting in version 2.0.0 and prior to version 2.3.1, a compromised or misconfigured TUF repository can have the configured value of signature thresholds set to 0, which effectively disables signature verification. This can lead to unauthorized modification to TUF metadata files is possible at rest, or during transit as no integrity checks are made. Version 2.3.1 fixes the issue. As a workaround, always make sure that the TUF metadata roles are configured with a threshold of at least 1.

sm-crypto provides JavaScript implementations of the Chinese cryptographic algorithms SM2, SM3, and SM4. A signature malleability vulnerability exists in the SM2 signature verification logic of the sm-crypto library prior to version 0.3.14. An attacker can derive a new valid signature for a previously signed message from an existing signature. Version 0.3.14 patches the issue.

sm-crypto provides JavaScript implementations of the Chinese cryptographic algorithms SM2, SM3, and SM4. A signature forgery vulnerability exists in the SM2 signature verification logic of sm-crypto prior to version 0.4.0. Under default configurations, an attacker can forge valid signatures for arbitrary public keys. If the message space contains sufficient redundancy, the attacker can fix the prefix of the message associated with the forged signature to satisfy specific formatting requirements. Version 0.4.0 patches the issue.

Ethereum Name Service (ENS) is a distributed, open, and extensible naming system based on the Ethereum blockchain. In versions 1.6.2 and prior, the `RSASHA256Algorithm` and `RSASHA1Algorithm` contracts fail to validate PKCS#1 v1.5 padding structure when verifying RSA signatures. The contracts only check if the last 32 (or 20) bytes of the decrypted signature match the expected hash. This enables Bleichenbacher's 2006 signature forgery attack against DNS zones using RSA keys with low public exponents (e=3). Two ENS-supported TLDs (.cc and .name) use e=3 for their Key Signing Keys, allowing any domain under these TLDs to be fraudulently claimed on ENS without DNS ownership. Apatch was merged at commit c76c5ad0dc9de1c966443bd946fafc6351f87587. Possible workarounds include deploying the patched contracts and pointing DNSSECImpl.setAlgorithm to the deployed contract.

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability in Drupal Drupal Commerce Paybox Commerce Paybox on Drupal 7.X allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Drupal Commerce Paybox: from 7-x-1.0 through 7.X-1.5.

browserify-sign is a package to duplicate the functionality of node's crypto public key functions, much of this is based on Fedor Indutny's work on indutny/tls.js. An upper bound check issue in `dsaVerify` function allows an attacker to construct signatures that can be successfully verified by any public key, thus leading to a signature forgery attack. All places in this project that involve DSA verification of user-input signatures will be affected by this vulnerability. This issue has been patched in version 4.2.2.

Duo Network Gateway 1.2.9 and earlier may incorrectly utilize the results of XML DOM traversal and canonicalization APIs in such a way that an attacker may be able to manipulate the SAML data without invalidating the cryptographic signature, allowing the attack to potentially bypass authentication to SAML service providers.

Wizkunde SAMLBase may incorrectly utilize the results of XML DOM traversal and canonicalization APIs in such a way that an attacker may be able to manipulate the SAML data without invalidating the cryptographic signature, allowing the attack to potentially bypass authentication to SAML service providers.

Vulnerability of insecure signatures in the OsuLogin module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may cause OsuLogin to be maliciously modified and overwritten.

Vulnerability of insecure signatures in the ServiceWifiResources module. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may cause ServiceWifiResources to be maliciously modified and overwritten.

Hyperledger Iroha versions v1.0_beta and v1.0.0_beta-1 are vulnerable to transaction and block signature verification bypass in the transaction and block validator allowing a single node to sign a transaction and/or block multiple times, each with a random nonce, and have other validating nodes accept them as separate valid signatures.

A firmware update vulnerability exists in the &quot;update&quot; firmware checks functionality of reolink RLC-410W v3.0.0.136_20121102. A specially-crafted HTTP request can lead to firmware update. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.

Anti-tampering can be disabled under certain conditions without signature validation. This affects Zscaler Client Connector <4.2.0.190 with anti-tampering enabled.

If an OpenID Connect provider supports the "none" algorithm (i.e., tokens with no signature), pac4j v5.3.0 (and prior) does not refuse it without an explicit configuration on its side or for the "idtoken" response type which is not secure and violates the OpenID Core Specification. The "none" algorithm does not require any signature verification when validating the ID tokens, which allows the attacker to bypass the token validation by injecting a malformed ID token using "none" as the value of "alg" key in the header with an empty signature value.

auth0/node-jws is a JSON Web Signature implementation for Node.js. In versions 3.2.2 and earlier and version 4.0.0, auth0/node-jws has an improper signature verification vulnerability when using the HS256 algorithm under specific conditions. Applications are affected when they use the jws.createVerify() function for HMAC algorithms and use user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature protected header or payload in HMAC secret lookup routines, which can allow attackers to bypass signature verification. This issue has been patched in versions 3.2.3 and 4.0.1.

It is possible for an attacker to manipulate the timestamp of signed documents. All versions of Apache OpenOffice up to 4.1.10 are affected. Users are advised to update to version 4.1.11. See CVE-2021-25634 for the LibreOffice advisory.

OpenZeppelin Contracts is a library for smart contract development. Versions 4.1.0 until 4.7.1 are vulnerable to the SignatureChecker reverting. `SignatureChecker.isValidSignatureNow` is not expected to revert. However, an incorrect assumption about Solidity 0.8's `abi.decode` allows some cases to revert, given a target contract that doesn't implement EIP-1271 as expected. The contracts that may be affected are those that use `SignatureChecker` to check the validity of a signature and handle invalid signatures in a way other than reverting. The issue was patched in version 4.7.1.

In Eclipse Californium version 2.0.0 to 2.6.4 and 3.0.0-M1 to 3.0.0-M3, the certificate based (x509 and RPK) DTLS handshakes accidentally succeeds without verifying the server side's signature on the client side, if that signature is not included in the server's ServerKeyExchange.

phpseclib before 2.0.31 and 3.x before 3.0.7 mishandles RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification.

bubble fireworks is an open source java package relating to Spring Framework. In bubble fireworks before version 2021.BUILD-SNAPSHOT there is a vulnerability in which the package did not properly verify the signature of JSON Web Tokens. This allows to forgery of valid JWTs.

In verify_signed_hash() in lib/liboswkeys/signatures.c in Openswan before 2.6.50.1, the RSA implementation does not verify the value of padding string during PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification. Consequently, a remote attacker can forge signatures when small public exponents are being used. IKEv2 signature verification is affected when RAW RSA keys are used.

In verify_emsa_pkcs1_signature() in gmp_rsa_public_key.c in the gmp plugin in strongSwan 4.x and 5.x before 5.7.0, the RSA implementation based on GMP does not reject excess data after the encoded algorithm OID during PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification. Similar to the flaw in the same version of strongSwan regarding digestAlgorithm.parameters, a remote attacker can forge signatures when small public exponents are being used, which could lead to impersonation when only an RSA signature is used for IKEv2 authentication.

Union Pay up to 3.3.12, for iOS mobile apps, contains a CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability, allows attackers to shop for free in merchants' websites and mobile apps, via a crafted authentication code (MAC) which is generated based on a secret key which is NULL.

A wrong generation of the passphrase for the encrypted block in Nextcloud Server 19.0.1 allowed an attacker to overwrite blocks in a file.

It is possible for an attacker to manipulate signed documents and macros to appear to come from a trusted source. All versions of Apache OpenOffice up to 4.1.10 are affected. Users are advised to update to version 4.1.11. See CVE-2021-25633 for the LibreOffice advisory.