Netmaker is a platform for creating and managing virtual overlay networks using WireGuard. Prior to versions 0.8.5, 0.9.4, and 010.0, there is a hard-coded cryptographic key in the code base which can be exploited to run admin commands on a remote server if the exploiter know the address and username of the admin. This effects the server (netmaker) component, and not clients. This has been patched in Netmaker v0.8.5, v0.9.4, and v0.10.0. There are currently no known workarounds.

Netmaker makes networks with WireGuard. Prior to versions 0.17.1 and 0.18.6, hardcoded DNS key usage has been found in Netmaker allowing unauth users to interact with DNS API endpoints. The issue is patched in 0.17.1 and fixed in 0.18.6. If users are using 0.17.1, they should run `docker pull gravitl/netmaker:v0.17.1` and `docker-compose up -d`. This will switch them to the patched users. If users are using v0.18.0-0.18.5, they should upgrade to v0.18.6 or later. As a workaround, someone who is using version 0.17.1 can pull the latest docker image of the backend and restart the server.

IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.2 IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty could provide weaker than expected security when using the Security Utility when administering security settings.

Enterprise Cloud Database developed by Ragic has a Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit the fixed key to generate verification information and log into the system as any user.

Multiple Devices are Sharing the Same Secrets for SDKSocket (TCP/5000).This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.

Delta Industrial Automation DIALink versions 1.4.0.0 and prior are vulnerable to the use of a hard-coded cryptographic key which could allow an attacker to decrypt sensitive data and compromise the machine.

Databasir is a team-oriented relational database model document management platform. Databasir 1.01 has Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability. An attacker can use hard coding to generate login credentials of any user and log in to the service background located at different IP addresses.

FUXA is a web-based Process Visualization (SCADA/HMI/Dashboard) software. An insecure default configuration in FUXA allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to gain administrative access and execute arbitrary code on the server. This affects FUXA through version 1.2.9 when authentication is enabled, but the administrator JWT secret is not configured. This issue has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.10.

The affected product has a hardcoded private key available inside the project folder, which may allow an attacker to achieve Web Server login and perform further actions.

Specific firmware versions of Milesight AIOT cameras use SSL certificates with default private keys.

Juniper Networks Contrail Service Orchestrator versions prior to 4.0.0 use hardcoded cryptographic certificates and keys in some cases, which may allow network based attackers to gain unauthorized access to services.

Password reset tokens are generated using an insecure source of randomness. Attackers who know the username of the Journyx installation user can bruteforce the password reset and change the administrator password.

Calero VeraSMART versions prior to 2022 R1 use static ASP.NET/IIS machineKey values configured for the VeraSMART web application and stored in C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Veramark\\VeraSMART\\WebRoot\\web.config. An attacker who obtains these keys can craft a valid ASP.NET ViewState payload that passes integrity validation and is accepted by the application, resulting in server-side deserialization and remote code execution in the context of the IIS application.

Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability in the WebReportsApi.dll of Exago Web Reports, as used in the Device42 Asset Management Appliance, allows an attacker to leak session IDs and elevate privileges. This issue affects: Device42 CMDB versions prior to 18.01.00.

A Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key issue was discovered in Korenix JetNet JetNet5018G version 1.4, JetNet5310G version 1.4a, JetNet5428G-2G-2FX version 1.4, JetNet5628G-R version 1.4, JetNet5628G version 1.4, JetNet5728G-24P version 1.4, JetNet5828G version 1.1d, JetNet6710G-HVDC version 1.1e, and JetNet6710G version 1.1. An attacker may gain access to hard-coded certificates and private keys allowing the attacker to perform man-in-the-middle attacks.

A vulnerability in the key-based SSH authentication mechanism of Cisco Policy Suite could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to log in to an affected system as the root user. This vulnerability is due to the re-use of static SSH keys across installations. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by extracting a key from a system under their control. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to log in to an affected system as the root user.

Bambuddy is a self-hosted print archive and management system for Bambu Lab 3D printers. Prior to version 0.1.7, a hardcoded secret key used for signing JWTs is checked into source code and ManyAPI routes do not check authentication. This issue has been patched in version 0.1.7.

IceCMS v3.4.7 and before was discovered to contain a hardcoded JWT key, allowing an attacker to forge JWT authentication information.

This improper access control vulnerability in Helpdesk allows attackers to get control of QNAP Kayako service. Attackers can access the sensitive data on QNAP Kayako server with API keys. We have replaced the API key to mitigate the vulnerability, and already fixed the issue in Helpdesk 3.0.1 and later versions.

Kaifa Technology WebITR is an online attendance system, it has a vulnerability in using hard-coded encryption key. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate valid token parameter and exploit this vulnerability to access system with arbitrary user account, including administrator’s account, to execute login account’s permissions, and obtain relevant information.

Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability in Salesforce Marketing Cloud Engagement (CloudPages, Forward to a Friend, Profile Center, Subscription Center, Unsub Center, View As Webpage modules) allows Web Services Protocol Manipulation. This issue affects Marketing Cloud Engagement: before January 21st, 2026.

User credentials are stored using AES‑ECB encryption with a hardcoded key. An unauthenticated remote attacker obtaining the configuration file can decrypt and recover plaintext usernames and passwords, especially when combined with the authentication bypass.

EisBaer Scada - CWE-321: Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key

Symmetric encryption used to protect messages between the AppsAnywhere server and client can be broken by reverse engineering the client and used to impersonate the AppsAnywhere server.

Rundeck is an open source automation service with a web console, command line tools and a WebAPI. Rundeck community and rundeck-enterprise docker images contained a pre-generated SSH keypair. If the id_rsa.pub public key of the keypair was copied to authorized_keys files on remote host, those hosts would allow access to anyone with the exposed private credentials. This misconfiguration only impacts Rundeck Docker instances of PagerDuty® Process Automation On Prem (formerly Rundeck) version 4.0 and earlier, not Debian, RPM or .WAR. Additionally, the id_rsa.pub file would have to be copied from the Docker image filesystem contents without overwriting it and used to configure SSH access on a host. A patch on Rundeck's `main` branch has removed the pre-generated SSH key pair, but it does not remove exposed keys that have been configured. To patch, users must run a script on hosts in their environment to search for exposed keys and rotate them. Two workarounds are available: Do not use any pre-existing public key file from the rundeck docker images to allow SSH access by adding it to authorized_keys files and, if you have copied the public key file included in the docker image, remove it from any authorized_keys files.

The Copypress Rest API plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via copyreap_handle_image() Function in versions 1.1 to 1.2. The plugin falls back to a hard-coded JWT signing key when no secret is defined and does not restrict which file types can be fetched and saved as attachments. As a result, unauthenticated attackers can forge a valid token to gain elevated privileges and upload an arbitrary file (e.g. a PHP script) through the image handler, leading to remote code execution.

A use of hard-coded cryptographic key in Fortinet FortiSwitch version 7.4.0 and 7.2.0 through 7.2.5 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.7 and 6.4.0 through 6.4.13 and 6.2.0 through 6.2.7 and 6.0.0 through 6.0.7 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted requests.

Galaxy Software Services Vitals ESP is vulnerable to using a hard-coded encryption key. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate a valid token parameter and exploit this vulnerability to access system to operate processes and access data. This issue affects Vitals ESP: from 3.0.8 through 6.2.0.

Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability in Sifir Bes Education and Informatics Kunduz - Homework Helper App allows Authentication Abuse, Authentication Bypass.This issue affects Kunduz - Homework Helper App: before 6.2.3.

AMI SPx contains a vulnerability in the BMC where an Attacker may cause a use of hard-coded cryptographic key by a hard-coded certificate. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to a loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. 

In RUCKUS Network Director (RND) < 4.5.0.56, the OVA appliance contains hardcoded SSH keys for the postgres user. These keys are identical across all deployments, allowing an attacker with network access to authenticate via SSH without a password. Once authenticated, the attacker can access the PostgreSQL database with superuser privileges, create administrative users for the web interface, and potentially escalate privileges further.

Use of a hard-coded AES-256-CBC key in the configuration backup/restore implementation of Small Cell Sercomm SCE4255W (FreedomFi Englewood) firmware before DG3934v3@2308041842 allows remote authenticated users to decrypt, modify, and re-encrypt device configurations, enabling credential manipulation and privilege escalation via the GUI import/export functions.

Delta Electronics DIAView has multiple vulnerabilities.

In Apache StreamPark versions 2.0.0 through 2.1.7, a security vulnerability involving a hard-coded encryption key exists. This vulnerability occurs because the system uses a fixed, immutable key for encryption instead of dynamically generating or securely configuring the key. Attackers may obtain this key through reverse engineering or code analysis, potentially decrypting sensitive data or forging encrypted information, leading to information disclosure or unauthorized system access. This issue affects Apache StreamPark: from 2.0.0 before 2.1.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.1.7, which fixes the issue.

The Flock Safety DetectionProcessing com.flocksafety.android.objects application 6.35.33 for Android (installed on Falcon and Sparrow License Plate Readers and Bravo Edge AI Compute Devices) bundles a Java Keystore (flock_rye.bks) along with its hardcoded password (flockhibiki17) in its code. The keystore contains a private key.

An issue was discovered in Siklu Communications Etherhaul 8010TX and 1200FX devices, Firmware 7.4.0 through 10.7.3 and possibly other previous versions. The rfpiped service listening on TCP port 555 which uses static AES encryption keys hardcoded in the binary. These keys are identical across all devices, allowing attackers to craft encrypted packets that execute arbitrary commands without authentication. This is a failed patch for CVE-2017-7318. This issue may affect other Etherhaul series devices with shared firmware.

Reolink v4.54.0.4.20250526 was discovered to contain a hardcoded encryption key and initialization vector. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to decrypt access tokens and web session tokens stored inside the app via reverse engineering.

minerstat msOS before 2019-10-23 does not have a unique SSH key for each instance of the product.

nvOC through 3.2 ships with SSH host keys baked into the installation image, which allows man-in-the-middle attacks and makes identification of all public IPv4 nodes trivial with Shodan.io. NOTE: as of 2019-12-01, the vendor indicated plans to fix this in the next image build.

Apache Shiro before 1.2.5, when a cipher key has not been configured for the "remember me" feature, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or bypass intended access restrictions via an unspecified request parameter.

PanIndex is a network disk directory index. In Panindex prior to version 3.1.3, a hard-coded JWT key `PanIndex` is used. An attacker can use the hard-coded JWT key to sign JWT token and perform any actions as a user with admin privileges. Version 3.1.3 has a patch for the issue. As a workaround, one may change the JWT key in the source code before compiling the project.

Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. It is hosted by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) as an Incubating Level Project. Dragonfly uses JWT to verify user. However, the secret key for JWT, "Secret Key", is hard coded, which leads to authentication bypass. An attacker can perform any action as a user with admin privileges. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.0.9. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

The secret used for validating authentication tokens is hardcoded in device firmware for affected versions. An attacker who obtains the signing key can bypass authentication, gaining complete access to the system.

An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the requestHandlers.js verifyToken functionality of Milesight VPN v2.0.2. A specially-crafted network request can lead to authentication bypass. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.

Code Dx versions prior to 2023.4.2 are vulnerable to user impersonation attack where a malicious actor is able to gain access to another user's account by crafting a custom "Remember Me" token. This is possible due to the use of a hard-coded cipher which was used when generating the token. A malicious actor who creates this token can supply it to a separate Code Dx system, provided they know the username they want to impersonate, and impersonate the user.  Score 6.7 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

Dpanel is a Docker visualization panel system which provides complete Docker management functions. The Dpanel service contains a hardcoded JWT secret in its default configuration, allowing attackers to generate valid JWT tokens and compromise the host machine. This security flaw allows attackers to analyze the source code, discover the embedded secret, and craft legitimate JWT tokens. By forging these tokens, an attacker can successfully bypass authentication mechanisms, impersonate privileged users, and gain unauthorized administrative access. Consequently, this enables full control over the host machine, potentially leading to severe consequences such as sensitive data exposure, unauthorized command execution, privilege escalation, or further lateral movement within the network environment. This issue is patched in version 1.6.1. A workaround for this vulnerability involves replacing the hardcoded secret with a securely generated value and load it from secure configuration storage.

In ZKT ZKBio CVSecurity 6.4.1_R an unauthenticated attacker can craft JWT token using the hardcoded secret to authenticate to the service console. NOTE: the Supplier disputes the significance of this report because the service console is typically only accessible from a local area network, and because access to the service console does not result in login access or data access in the context of the application software platform.

Use of hard-coded cryptographic key vulnerability in QSAN Storage Manager allows attackers to obtain users’ credentials and related permissions. Suggest contacting with QSAN and refer to recommendations in QSAN Document.

The JWT secret key is embedded in the egOS WebGUI backend and is readable to the default user. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate valid HS256 tokens and bypass authentication/authorization due to the use of hard-coded cryptographic key.

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 22.0.1026 and Application prior to version 20.0.2702 (only VA deployments) expose an unauthenticated firmware-upload flow: a public page returns a signed token usable at va-api/v1/update, and every Docker image contains the appliance’s private GPG key and hard-coded passphrase. An attacker who extracts the key and obtains a token can decrypt, modify, re-sign, upload, and trigger malicious firmware, gaining remote code execution. This vulnerability has been identified by the vendor as: V-2024-020 — Remote Code Execution.