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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2024-8957

Summary
Assigner-VulnCheck
Assigner Org ID-83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10
Published At-17 Sep, 2024 | 20:08
Updated At-30 Jul, 2025 | 01:36
Rejected At-
Credits

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras OS Command Injection Vulnerability

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI cameras contain an OS command injection vulnerability that allows a remote, authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ntp_addr parameter of the /cgi-bin/param.cgi CGI script.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV)
cisa.gov
Vendor:
PTZOpticsPTZOptics
Product:PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras
Added At:04 Nov, 2024
Due At:25 Nov, 2024

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras OS Command Injection Vulnerability

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI cameras contain an OS command injection vulnerability that allows a remote, authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload with the ntp_addr parameter of the /cgi-bin/param.cgi CGI script.

Used in Ransomware

:

Unknown

CWE

:
CWE-78

Required Action:

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Additional Notes:

https://ptzoptics.com/firmware-changelog/ ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8957
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:VulnCheck
Assigner Org ID:83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10
Published At:17 Sep, 2024 | 20:08
Updated At:30 Jul, 2025 | 01:36
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
PTZOptics NDI and SDI Cameras Command Injection via NTP Address Configuration

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx before firmware 6.3.40 is vulnerable to an OS command injection issue. The camera does not sufficiently validate the ntp_addr configuration value which may lead to arbitrary command execution when ntp_client is started. When chained with CVE-2024-8956, a remote and unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands on affected devices.

Affected Products
Vendor
PTZOpticsPTZOptics
Product
PT30X-SDI
Default Status
unaffected
Versions
Affected
  • From 0 before 6.3.40 (semver)
Vendor
PTZOpticsPTZOptics
Product
PT30X-NDI
Default Status
unaffected
Versions
Affected
  • From 0 before 6.3.40 (semver)
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-78CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-78
Description: CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
3.17.2HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.2
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
CAPEC-88CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection
CAPEC ID: CAPEC-88
Description: CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

finder
Konstantin Lazarev of GreyNoise
Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://ptzoptics.com/firmware-changelog/
vendor-advisory
https://vulncheck.com/advisories/ptzoptics-command-injection
third-party-advisory
Hyperlink: https://ptzoptics.com/firmware-changelog/
Resource:
vendor-advisory
Hyperlink: https://vulncheck.com/advisories/ptzoptics-command-injection
Resource:
third-party-advisory
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Vendor
PTZOpticsptzoptics
Product
pt30x-sdi_firmware
CPEs
  • cpe:2.3:o:ptzoptics:pt30x-sdi_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Default Status
unknown
Versions
Affected
  • From 0 before 6.3.40 (semver)
Vendor
PTZOpticsptzoptics
Product
pt30x-ndi_firmware
CPEs
  • cpe:2.3:o:ptzoptics:pt30x-ndi_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Default Status
unknown
Versions
Affected
  • From 0 before 6.3.40 (semver)
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
kev
dateAdded:
2024-11-04
reference:
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-8957
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
CVE-2024-8957 added to CISA KEV2024-11-04 00:00:00
Event: CVE-2024-8957 added to CISA KEV
Date: 2024-11-04 00:00:00
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:disclosure@vulncheck.com
Published At:17 Sep, 2024 | 21:15
Updated At:05 Nov, 2024 | 02:00

PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI-xx before firmware 6.3.40 is vulnerable to an OS command injection issue. The camera does not sufficiently validate the ntp_addr configuration value which may lead to arbitrary command execution when ntp_client is started. When chained with CVE-2024-8956, a remote and unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary OS commands on affected devices.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
2024-11-042024-11-25PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras OS Command Injection VulnerabilityApply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Date Added: 2024-11-04
Due Date: 2024-11-25
Vulnerability Name: PTZOptics PT30X-SDI/NDI Cameras OS Command Injection Vulnerability
Required Action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Primary3.19.8CRITICAL
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Secondary3.17.2HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Type: Primary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 9.8
Base severity: CRITICAL
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Type: Secondary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.2
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CPE Matches

PTZOptics
ptzoptics
>>pt30x-sdi_firmware>>Versions before 6.3.40(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:ptzoptics:pt30x-sdi_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
PTZOptics
ptzoptics
>>pt30x-sdi>>-
cpe:2.3:h:ptzoptics:pt30x-sdi:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
PTZOptics
ptzoptics
>>pt30x-ndi-xx-g2_firmware>>Versions before 6.3.40(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:ptzoptics:pt30x-ndi-xx-g2_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
PTZOptics
ptzoptics
>>pt30x-ndi-xx-g2>>-
cpe:2.3:h:ptzoptics:pt30x-ndi-xx-g2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-78Primarynvd@nist.gov
CWE-78Secondarydisclosure@vulncheck.com
CWE ID: CWE-78
Type: Primary
Source: nvd@nist.gov
CWE ID: CWE-78
Type: Secondary
Source: disclosure@vulncheck.com
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://ptzoptics.com/firmware-changelog/disclosure@vulncheck.com
Release Notes
https://vulncheck.com/advisories/ptzoptics-command-injectiondisclosure@vulncheck.com
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: https://ptzoptics.com/firmware-changelog/
Source: disclosure@vulncheck.com
Resource:
Release Notes
Hyperlink: https://vulncheck.com/advisories/ptzoptics-command-injection
Source: disclosure@vulncheck.com
Resource:
Third Party Advisory

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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Matching Score-4
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Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2018-19949
Matching Score-4
Assigner-QNAP Systems, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-QNAP Systems, Inc.
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-57.62% / 98.08%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-28 Oct, 2020 | 17:55
Updated-30 Jul, 2025 | 01:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2022-06-14||Apply updates per vendor instructions.

If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has already fixed the issue in the following QTS versions. QTS 4.4.2.1231 on build 20200302; QTS 4.4.1.1201 on build 20200130; QTS 4.3.6.1218 on build 20200214; QTS 4.3.4.1190 on build 20200107; QTS 4.3.3.1161 on build 20200109; QTS 4.2.6 on build 20200109.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-QNAP Systems, Inc.
Product-qtsQTSNetwork Attached Storage (NAS)
CWE ID-CWE-20
Improper Input Validation
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2021-22502
Matching Score-4
Assigner-OpenText (formerly Micro Focus)
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-OpenText (formerly Micro Focus)
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-93.98% / 99.88%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Feb, 2021 | 21:12
Updated-30 Jul, 2025 | 01:38
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2021-11-17||Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Remote Code execution vulnerability in Micro Focus Operation Bridge Reporter (OBR) product, affecting version 10.40. The vulnerability could be exploited to allow Remote Code Execution on the OBR server.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aMicro Focus International Limited
Product-operation_bridge_reporterOperation Bridge Reporter.Operation Bridge Reporter (OBR)
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2022-35975
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-9||CRITICAL
EPSS-1.26% / 78.55%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 Aug, 2022 | 17:55
Updated-23 Apr, 2025 | 17:48
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Improper object validation allows for arbitrary code execution in GitOps Tools Extension for VSCode

The GitOps Tools Extension for VSCode can make it easier to manage Flux objects. A specially crafted Flux object may allow for remote code execution in the machine running the extension, in the context of the user that is running VSCode. Users using the VSCode extension to manage clusters that are shared amongst other users are affected by this issue. The only safe mitigation is to update to the latest version of the extension.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-weaveweaveworks
Product-gitops_toolsvscode-gitops-tools
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2018-19950
Matching Score-4
Assigner-QNAP Systems, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-QNAP Systems, Inc.
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-3.36% / 86.84%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-02 Nov, 2020 | 15:57
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 02:31
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. This issue affects: QNAP Systems Inc. Music Station versions prior to 5.1.13; versions prior to 5.2.9; versions prior to 5.3.11.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-QNAP Systems, Inc.
Product-music_stationqtsMusic Station
CWE ID-CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2018-20114
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-8.60% / 92.06%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-02 Jan, 2019 | 18:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 11:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

On D-Link DIR-818LW Rev.A 2.05.B03 and DIR-860L Rev.B 2.03.B03 devices, unauthenticated remote OS command execution can occur in the soap.cgi service of the cgibin binary via an "&&" substring in the service parameter. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2018-6530.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aD-Link Corporation
Product-dir-818lwdir-818lw_firmwaredir-860ldir-860l_firmwaren/a
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2021-21819
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
CVSS Score-9.1||CRITICAL
EPSS-1.25% / 78.54%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Jul, 2021 | 10:24
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 18:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A code execution vulnerability exists in the Libcli Test Environment functionality of D-LINK DIR-3040 1.13B03. A specially crafted network request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aD-Link Corporation
Product-dir-3040_firmwaredir-3040D-Link
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2021-21414
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.7||HIGH
EPSS-1.90% / 82.50%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-29 Apr, 2021 | 00:45
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 18:09
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Command injection vulnerability in @prisma/sdk in getPackedPackage function

Prisma is an open source ORM for Node.js & TypeScript. As of today, we are not aware of any Prisma users or external consumers of the `@prisma/sdk` package who are affected by this security vulnerability. This issue may lead to remote code execution if a client of the library calls the vulnerable method with untrusted input. It only affects the `getPackedPackage` function and this function is not advertised and only used for tests & building our CLI, no malicious code was found after checking our codebase.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-prismaprisma
Product-prismaprisma
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-12009
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zyxel Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zyxel Corporation
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-0.26% / 49.55%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Mar, 2025 | 01:37
Updated-12 Mar, 2025 | 04:00
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the "ZyEE" function of the Zyxel EX5601-T1 firmware version V5.70(ACDZ.3.6)C0 and earlier could allow an authenticated attacker with administrator privileges to execute operating system (OS) commands on a vulnerable device.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Zyxel Networks Corporation
Product-EX5601-T1 firmware
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2019-16920
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-94.34% / 99.95%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-27 Sep, 2019 | 11:34
Updated-30 Jul, 2025 | 01:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2022-04-15||The impacted product is end-of-life and should be disconnected if still in use.

Unauthenticated remote code execution occurs in D-Link products such as DIR-655C, DIR-866L, DIR-652, and DHP-1565. The issue occurs when the attacker sends an arbitrary input to a "PingTest" device common gateway interface that could lead to common injection. An attacker who successfully triggers the command injection could achieve full system compromise. Later, it was independently found that these are also affected: DIR-855L, DAP-1533, DIR-862L, DIR-615, DIR-835, and DIR-825.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aD-Link Corporation
Product-dap-1533_firmwaredir-825dir-862ldir-835_firmwaredir-652dir-655_firmwaredir-655dir-825_firmwaredir-855ldir-866l_firmwaredir-652_firmwaredir-855l_firmwaredir-866ldhp-1565_firmwaredir-835dir-615dap-1533dir-615_firmwaredhp-1565dir-862l_firmwaren/aMultiple Routers
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-1212
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Progress Software Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Progress Software Corporation
CVSS Score-10||CRITICAL
EPSS-94.36% / 99.96%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-21 Feb, 2024 | 17:39
Updated-30 Jul, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2024-12-09||Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
LoadMaster Pre-Authenticated OS Command Injection

Unauthenticated remote attackers can access the system through the LoadMaster management interface, enabling arbitrary system command execution.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-KempProgress Software Corporation
Product-loadmasterLoadMasterloadmasterKemp LoadMaster
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-12010
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zyxel Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zyxel Corporation
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-0.26% / 49.55%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Mar, 2025 | 01:44
Updated-12 Mar, 2025 | 04:00
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the ”zyUtilMailSend” function of the Zyxel AX7501-B1 firmware version V5.17(ABPC.5.3)C0 and earlier could allow an authenticated attacker with administrator privileges to execute operating system (OS) commands on a vulnerable device.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Zyxel Networks Corporation
Product-AX7501-B1 firmware
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11482
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Trellix
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Trellix
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-2.51% / 84.77%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-29 Nov, 2024 | 07:03
Updated-18 Mar, 2025 | 15:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A vulnerability in ESM 11.6.10 allows unauthenticated access to the internal Snowservice API and enables remote code execution through command injection, executed as the root user.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-HP Inc.Musarubra US LLC (Trellix)
Product-Trellix Enterprise Security Manager (ESM)enterprise_security_manager
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11983
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-1.39% / 79.55%
||
7 Day CHG-0.18%
Published-29 Nov, 2024 | 06:57
Updated-29 Nov, 2024 | 14:10
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Billion Electric router - OS Command Injection

Certain models of routers from Billion Electric has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with administrator privileges to inject arbitrary system commands into a specific SSH function and execute them on the device.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Billion Electricbillion_electric
Product-M120NM100M150M500m120nm100m150m500
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2021-24015
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fortinet, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fortinet, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-0.31% / 53.91%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Jul, 2021 | 13:25
Updated-25 Oct, 2024 | 13:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS Command vulnerability in the administrative interface of FortiMail before 6.4.4 may allow an authenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via specifically crafted HTTP requests.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Fortinet, Inc.
Product-fortimailFortinet FortiMail
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11253
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zyxel Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zyxel Corporation
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-0.26% / 49.55%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Mar, 2025 | 01:29
Updated-12 Mar, 2025 | 04:00
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the "DNSServer” parameter of the diagnostic function in the Zyxel VMG8825-T50K firmware version V5.50(ABOM.8.5)C0 and earlier could allow an authenticated attacker with administrator privileges to execute operating system (OS) commands on a vulnerable device.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Zyxel Networks Corporation
Product-VMG8825-T50K firmware
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2014-4981
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-38.68% / 97.15%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-17 Feb, 2020 | 21:21
Updated-06 Aug, 2024 | 11:34
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

LPAR2RRD in 3.5 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands due to insufficient input sanitization of the web GUI parameters.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-xoruxn/a
Product-lpar2rrdn/a
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11005
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Ivanti
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Ivanti
CVSS Score-9.1||CRITICAL
EPSS-16.29% / 94.58%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Nov, 2024 | 16:07
Updated-17 Jan, 2025 | 20:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Command injection in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.1 (Not Applicable to 9.1Rx) and Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.1 (Not Applicable to 9.1Rx) allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Ivanti Software
Product-connect_securepolicy_securePolicy SecureConnect Securepolicy_secureconnect_secure
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11006
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Ivanti
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Ivanti
CVSS Score-9.1||CRITICAL
EPSS-16.29% / 94.58%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Nov, 2024 | 16:06
Updated-17 Jan, 2025 | 20:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Command injection in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.1 (Not Applicable to 9.1Rx) and Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.1 (Not Applicable to 9.1Rx) allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Ivanti Software
Product-connect_securepolicy_securePolicy SecureConnect Securepolicy_secureconnect_secure
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2021-32530
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-1.01% / 76.19%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-07 Jul, 2021 | 14:12
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 22:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
QSAN XEVO - Command Injection Following via Array function

OS command injection vulnerability in Array function in QSAN XEVO allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary commands via status parameter. The referred vulnerability has been solved with the updated version of QSAN XEVO v2.1.0.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-qsanQSAN
Product-xevoXEVO
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11064
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-0.79% / 72.85%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Nov, 2024 | 07:35
Updated-15 Nov, 2024 | 18:22
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
D-Link DSL6740C - OS Command Injection

The D-Link DSL6740C modem has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with administrator privileges to inject and execute arbitrary system commands through a specific functionality provided by SSH and Telnet.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-D-Link Corporation
Product-dsl6740cdsl6740c_firmwareDSL6740Cdsl6740c_firmware
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11120
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-63.47% / 98.34%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Nov, 2024 | 02:00
Updated-30 Jul, 2025 | 01:36
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2025-05-28||Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
GeoVision EOL devices - OS Command Injection

Certain EOL GeoVision devices have an OS Command Injection vulnerability. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability to inject and execute arbitrary system commands on the device. Moreover, this vulnerability has already been exploited by attackers, and we have received related reports.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-geovisionGeoVisiongeovisionGeoVision
Product-gvlx_4gv-dsp_lpr_firmwaregv-vs12gv-vs11_firmwaregvlx_4_firmwaregv-dsp_lprgv-vs12_firmwaregv-vs11GV-DSP_LPR_V3GVLX 4 V2GV-VS11GV-VS12GVLX 4 V3gvlx_4_v2_firmwaregvlx_4_v3_firmwaregv-vs11_firmwaregv-vs12_firmwaregv-dsp_lpr_v3_firmwareMultiple Devices
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-1115
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
CVSS Score-7.3||HIGH
EPSS-0.65% / 69.77%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-31 Jan, 2024 | 20:00
Updated-29 May, 2025 | 15:03
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
openBI Setting.php dlfile os command injection

A vulnerability was found in openBI up to 1.0.8 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function dlfile of the file /application/websocket/controller/Setting.php. The manipulation of the argument phpPath leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-252473 was assigned to this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-openbin/a
Product-openbiopenBI
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-10914
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
CVSS Score-9.2||CRITICAL
EPSS-93.97% / 99.88%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-06 Nov, 2024 | 13:31
Updated-24 Nov, 2024 | 15:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
D-Link DNS-320/DNS-320LW/DNS-325/DNS-340L account_mgr.cgi cgi_user_add os command injection

A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-320, DNS-320LW, DNS-325 and DNS-340L up to 20241028. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function cgi_user_add of the file /cgi-bin/account_mgr.cgi?cmd=cgi_user_add. The manipulation of the argument name leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-D-Link Corporation
Product-dns-340ldns-325_firmwaredns-320dns-320lw_firmwaredns-320_firmwaredns-320lwdns-340l_firmwaredns-325DNS-320LWDNS-325DNS-320DNS-340Ldns-340l_firmwaredns-320_firmwaredns-320lw_firmwaredns-325_firmware
CWE ID-CWE-707
Improper Neutralization
CWE ID-CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2021-21585
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
CVSS Score-9.1||CRITICAL
EPSS-1.37% / 79.47%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Aug, 2021 | 21:05
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 23:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Dell OpenManage Enterprise versions prior to 3.6.1 contain an OS command injection vulnerability in RACADM and IPMI tools. A remote authenticated malicious user with high privileges may potentially exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary OS commands.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Dell Inc.
Product-openmanage_enterpriseDell OpenManage Enterprise
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11007
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Ivanti
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Ivanti
CVSS Score-9.1||CRITICAL
EPSS-16.29% / 94.58%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Nov, 2024 | 16:05
Updated-22 Nov, 2024 | 17:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Command injection in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.1 (Not Applicable to 9.1Rx) and Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.1 (Not Applicable to 9.1Rx) allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Ivanti Software
Product-policy_secureconnect_securePolicy SecureConnect Securepolicy_secureconnect_secure
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-10915
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
CVSS Score-9.2||CRITICAL
EPSS-92.52% / 99.73%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-06 Nov, 2024 | 14:00
Updated-08 Nov, 2024 | 20:11
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
D-Link DNS-320/DNS-320LW/DNS-325/DNS-340L account_mgr.cgi cgi_user_add os command injection

A vulnerability was found in D-Link DNS-320, DNS-320LW, DNS-325 and DNS-340L up to 20241028. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function cgi_user_add of the file /cgi-bin/account_mgr.cgi?cmd=cgi_user_add. The manipulation of the argument group leads to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-D-Link Corporation
Product-dns-340ldns-325_firmwaredns-320dns-320lw_firmwaredns-320_firmwaredns-320lwdns-340l_firmwaredns-325DNS-320LWDNS-325DNS-320DNS-340Ldns-340l_firmwaredns-320_firmwaredns-320lw_firmwaredns-325_firmware
CWE ID-CWE-707
Improper Neutralization
CWE ID-CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-1297
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fluid Attacks
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fluid Attacks
CVSS Score-10||CRITICAL
EPSS-1.75% / 81.77%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-19 Feb, 2024 | 23:41
Updated-31 Dec, 2024 | 14:28
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Loomio 2.22.0 - Code injection

Loomio version 2.22.0 allows executing arbitrary commands on the server. This is possible because the application is vulnerable to OS Command Injection.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-loomioLoomioloomio
Product-loomioLoomioloomio
CWE ID-CWE-94
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-10919
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
CVSS Score-5.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-3.45% / 87.07%
||
7 Day CHG+0.29%
Published-06 Nov, 2024 | 16:00
Updated-08 Nov, 2024 | 21:07
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
didi Super-Jacoco triggerUnitCover os command injection

A vulnerability has been found in didi Super-Jacoco 1.0 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /cov/triggerUnitCover. The manipulation of the argument uuid leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-didididididi
Product-super-jacocoSuper-Jacocosuper_jacoco
CWE ID-CWE-74
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11065
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-0.79% / 72.85%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Nov, 2024 | 07:45
Updated-15 Nov, 2024 | 18:22
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
D-Link DSL6740C - OS Command Injection

The D-Link DSL6740C modem has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with administrator privileges to inject and execute arbitrary system commands through a specific functionality provided by SSH and Telnet.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-D-Link Corporation
Product-dsl6740cdsl6740c_firmwareDSL6740Cdsl6740c_firmware
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11063
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-0.79% / 72.85%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Nov, 2024 | 07:30
Updated-15 Nov, 2024 | 18:21
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
D-Link DSL6740C - OS Command Injection

The D-Link DSL6740C modem has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with administrator privileges to inject and execute arbitrary system commands through a specific functionality provided by SSH and Telnet.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-D-Link Corporation
Product-dsl6740cdsl6740c_firmwareDSL6740Cdsl6740c_firmware
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2022-33872
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fortinet, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fortinet, Inc.
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-1.60% / 80.94%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Oct, 2022 | 00:00
Updated-25 Oct, 2024 | 13:29
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerabilities [CWE-78] in Telnet login components of FortiTester 2.3.0 through 3.9.1, 4.0.0 through 4.2.0, 7.0.0 through 7.1.0 may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary command in the underlying shell.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Fortinet, Inc.
Product-fortitesterFortinet FortiTester
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-11062
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-TWCERT/CC
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-0.79% / 72.85%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Nov, 2024 | 07:28
Updated-15 Nov, 2024 | 18:21
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
D-Link DSL6740C - OS Command Injection

The D-Link DSL6740C modem has an OS Command Injection vulnerability, allowing remote attackers with administrator privileges to inject and execute arbitrary system commands through a specific functionality provided by SSH and Telnet.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-D-Link Corporation
Product-dsl6740cdsl6740c_firmwareDSL6740Cdsl6740c_firmware
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2021-21805
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-92.43% / 99.72%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-05 Aug, 2021 | 20:03
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 18:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An OS Command Injection vulnerability exists in the ping.php script functionality of Advantech R-SeeNet v 2.4.12 (20.10.2020). A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary OS command execution. An attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aAdvantech (Advantech Co., Ltd.)
Product-r-seenetAdvantech
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2018-17879
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-9.8||CRITICAL
EPSS-2.14% / 83.53%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Oct, 2023 | 00:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 11:01
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An issue was discovered on certain ABUS TVIP cameras. The CGI scripts allow remote attackers to execute code via system() as root. There are several injection points in various scripts.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-abusn/a
Product-tvip_11552tvip_20050_firmwaretvip_10051tvip_21551_firmwaretvip_31500tvip_11502_firmwaretvip_51550tvip_21501_firmwaretvip_31550_firmwaretvip_51500_firmwaretvip_10050_firmwaretvip_20500tvip_10001_firmwaretvip_22500tvip_21502tvip_21000tvip_51550_firmwaretvip_21552tvip_10055b_firmwaretvip_32500_firmwaretvip_71550_firmwaretvip_21502_firmwaretvip_20550tvip_31501tvip_10005btvip_10000_firmwaretvip_20050tvip_72500_firmwaretvip_10500_firmwaretvip_71550tvip_10050tvip_10055atvip_11550_firmwaretvip_20550_firmwaretvip_11551_firmwaretvip_71551_firmwaretvip_71500_firmwaretvip_11552_firmwaretvip_31501_firmwaretvip_72500tvip_51500tvip_10005a_firmwaretvip_31000_firmwaretvip_31551tvip_10000tvip_20500_firmwaretvip_11502tvip_71501_firmwaretvip_11501tvip_10550tvip_31001tvip_31050tvip_11050tvip_71501tvip_21500_firmwaretvip_10051_firmwaretvip_11050_firmwaretvip_10055btvip_10500tvip_22500_firmwaretvip_31550tvip_11500_firmwaretvip_21552_firmwaretvip_11000tvip_11550tvip_20000_firmwaretvip_31050_firmwaretvip_11551tvip_10005atvip_31000tvip_32500tvip_21550tvip_10005_firmwaretvip_21551tvip_21050tvip_10005b_firmwaretvip_10001tvip_10550_firmwaretvip_21501tvip_31001_firmwaretvip_31551_firmwaretvip_71551tvip_21000_firmwaretvip_21550_firmwaretvip_20000tvip_11000_firmwaretvip_31500_firmwaretvip_10055a_firmwaretvip_11500tvip_11501_firmwaretvip_71500tvip_10005tvip_21500tvip_21050_firmwaren/a
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CVE-2024-0401
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulnCheck
CVSS Score-7.2||HIGH
EPSS-3.81% / 87.66%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 May, 2024 | 16:55
Updated-01 Aug, 2024 | 18:04
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
ASUS OVPN RCE

ASUS routers supporting custom OpenVPN profiles are vulnerable to a code execution vulnerability. An authenticated and remote attacker can execute arbitrary operating system commands by uploading a crafted OVPN profile. Known affected routers include ASUS ExpertWiFi, ASUS RT-AX55, ASUS RT-AX58U, ASUS RT-AC67U, ASUS RT-AC68R, ASUS RT-AC68U, ASUS RT-AX86, ASUS RT-AC86U, ASUS RT-AX88U, and ASUS RT-AX3000.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer Inc.)
Product-RT-AX3000RT-AX55ExpertWiFiRT-AC67URT-AX58URT-AC68URT-AX86 SeriesRT-AX88URT-AC86URT-AC68Rrt-ax3000expertwifirt-ac68urt-ac67urt-ax86_seriesrt-ac68rrt-ac1900uzenwifi_xt8rt-ac2900rt-ax58urt-ac1900rt-ax55rt-ac68prt-ac88urt-ac86u
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
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