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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2025-11465

Summary
Assigner-zdi
Assigner Org ID-99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e
Published At-29 Oct, 2025 | 19:44
Updated At-30 Oct, 2025 | 14:11
Rejected At-
Credits

Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of CO files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26631.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
â–¼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:zdi
Assigner Org ID:99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e
Published At:29 Oct, 2025 | 19:44
Updated At:30 Oct, 2025 | 14:11
Rejected At:
â–¼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of CO files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26631.

Affected Products
Vendor
Vellum Investment Partners, LLCAshlar-Vellum
Product
Cobalt
Default Status
unknown
Versions
Affected
  • 1204.97
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-416CWE-416: Use After Free
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-416
Description: CWE-416: Use After Free
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
3.07.8HIGH
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Version: 3.0
Base score: 7.8
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-956/
x_research-advisory
Hyperlink: https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-956/
Resource:
x_research-advisory
â–¼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
Information is not available yet
â–¼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com
Published At:29 Oct, 2025 | 20:15
Updated At:04 Nov, 2025 | 21:28

Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of CO files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26631.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Primary3.17.8HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Secondary3.07.8HIGH
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Type: Primary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.8
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Type: Secondary
Version: 3.0
Base score: 7.8
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CPE Matches

Vellum Investment Partners, LLC
ashlar
>>cobalt>>12.2.1204.97
cpe:2.3:a:ashlar:cobalt:12.2.1204.97:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-416Primaryzdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com
CWE ID: CWE-416
Type: Primary
Source: zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-956/zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com
Third Party Advisory
Hyperlink: https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-956/
Source: zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com
Resource:
Third Party Advisory

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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Vendor-Apple Inc.Microsoft CorporationAdobe Inc.
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CWE ID-CWE-416
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.68% / 71.31%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
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Updated-31 Dec, 2024 | 23:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Microsoft Excel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

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Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-office_long_term_servicing_channeloffice_online_serverofficeexcel365_appsMicrosoft 365 Apps for EnterpriseMicrosoft Excel 2016Microsoft Office Online ServerMicrosoft Office LTSC for Mac 2021Microsoft Office LTSC 2021Microsoft Office 2019
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.87% / 74.88%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
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Updated-31 Dec, 2024 | 23:02
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Microsoft Office Visio Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

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Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-office_long_term_servicing_channelvisio365_appsofficeMicrosoft 365 Apps for EnterpriseMicrosoft Visio 2016Microsoft Office LTSC 2021Microsoft Office 2019
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2009-4324
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-93.01% / 99.78%
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7 Day CHG~0.00%
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Updated-22 Oct, 2025 | 01:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Known KEV||Action Due Date - 2022-06-22||Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Use-after-free vulnerability in the Doc.media.newPlayer method in Multimedia.api in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.3, and 8.x before 8.2 on Windows and Mac OS X, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PDF file using ZLib compressed streams, as exploited in the wild in December 2009.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aApple Inc.Adobe Inc.openSUSESUSEMicrosoft Corporation
Product-mac_os_xwindowsopensuselinux_enterpriselinux_enterprise_debuginfoacrobatacrobat_readern/aAcrobat and Reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apple Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apple Inc.
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.14% / 33.66%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Jan, 2024 | 22:03
Updated-04 Nov, 2025 | 20:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14, iOS 17 and iPadOS 17. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Apple Inc.
Product-ipadosiphone_osmacosiOS and iPadOSmacOS
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-30366
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-2.22% / 84.24%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 Apr, 2024 | 16:24
Updated-11 Aug, 2025 | 19:29
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of AcroForms. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-23002.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Apple Inc.Microsoft CorporationFoxit Software Incorporated
Product-pdf_editorpdf_readerwindowsmacosPDF Readerpdf_reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-43758
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.22% / 44.92%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Sep, 2024 | 08:37
Updated-13 Sep, 2024 | 17:27
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Illustrator | Use After Free (CWE-416)

Illustrator versions 28.6, 27.9.5 and earlier are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Apple Inc.Microsoft CorporationAdobe Inc.
Product-windowsmacosillustratorIllustratorillustrator
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-23142
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.44% / 62.60%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-25 Jun, 2024 | 01:24
Updated-31 Dec, 2025 | 00:41
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Multiple Vulnerabilities in the Autodesk AutoCAD Desktop Software

A maliciously crafted CATPART, STP, and MODEL file, when parsed in atf_dwg_consumer.dll, rose_x64_vc15.dll and libodxdll through Autodesk applications, can cause a use-after-free vulnerability. This vulnerability, along with other vulnerabilities, can lead to code execution in the current process.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Autodesk Inc.
Product-civil_3dautocad_map_3dautocad_plant_3dautocad_architectureautocad_mechanicalautocadadvance_steelautocad_mepautocad_electricalAdvance SteelAutoCADAutoCAD Plant 3DAutoCAD MAP 3DAutoCAD ElectricalAutoCAD MEPAutoCAD ArchitectureAutoCAD MechanicalCivil 3Dautocadautocad_architecturecivil_3dautocad_electricaladvance_steelautocad_map_3dautocad_mepautocad_mechanicalautocad_plant_3d
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-28454
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-12.05% / 93.64%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Apr, 2021 | 19:33
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 21:40
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft Excel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-office_web_apps_server365_appsoffice_online_serverofficeMicrosoft Excel 2016Microsoft 365 Apps for EnterpriseMicrosoft Excel 2013 Service Pack 1Microsoft Office Online ServerMicrosoft Office 2016Microsoft Excel 2010 Service Pack 2Microsoft Office 2010 Service Pack 2Microsoft Office Web Apps Server 2013 Service Pack 1Microsoft Office 2013 Service Pack 1Microsoft Office 2019
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-23300
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apple Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apple Inc.
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.11% / 29.78%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Mar, 2024 | 20:33
Updated-04 Nov, 2025 | 19:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in GarageBand 10.4.11. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Apple Inc.
Product-garagebandGarageBandgarageband
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-29117
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.05% / 15.21%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Aug, 2022 | 18:45
Updated-10 Apr, 2025 | 14:58
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
arcreader use-after-free

A use-after-free vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file in Esri ArcReader 10.8.1 (and earlier) allows an unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. ("Esri")
Product-arcreaderArcReader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-28641
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-51.57% / 97.83%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Aug, 2021 | 18:10
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 16:49
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Adobe Acrobat Reader Use-After-Free Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability

Acrobat Reader DC versions 2021.005.20054 (and earlier), 2020.004.30005 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30197 (and earlier) are affected by an Use-after-free vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Adobe Inc.
Product-acrobat_dcacrobat_reader_dcAcrobat Reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-23135
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.69% / 71.35%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-22 Feb, 2024 | 04:34
Updated-31 Dec, 2025 | 00:41
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Multiple Vulnerabilities in the Autodesk AutoCAD Desktop Software

A maliciously crafted SLDPRT file in ASMkern228A.dll when parsed through Autodesk applications can be used in user-after-free vulnerability. This vulnerability, along with other vulnerabilities, could lead to code execution in the current process.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Autodesk Inc.
Product-civil_3dautocad_map_3dautocad_plant_3dautocad_architectureautocad_mechanicalautocadadvance_steelautocad_mepautocad_electricalAdvance SteelAutoCADAutoCAD Plant 3DAutoCAD MAP 3DAutoCAD ElectricalAutoCAD MEPAutoCAD ArchitectureAutoCAD MechanicalCivil 3Dautocad_civil_3dautocadautocad_advance_steel
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2022-24102
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-2.02% / 83.47%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 May, 2022 | 17:06
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 04:05
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Adobe Acrobat Reader DC Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Acrobat Reader DC versions 20.001.20085 (and earlier), 20.005.3031x (and earlier) and 17.012.30205 (and earlier) are affected by a use-after-free vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Apple Inc.Microsoft CorporationAdobe Inc.
Product-acrobat_dcacrobat_readeracrobatacrobat_reader_dcwindowsmacosAcrobat Reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-28635
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-21.37% / 95.58%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Aug, 2021 | 18:09
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 19:47
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Adobe Acrobat Reader Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Acrobat Reader DC versions 2021.005.20054 (and earlier), 2020.004.30005 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30197 (and earlier) are affected by a use-after-free vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Adobe Inc.
Product-acrobat_dcacrobat_reader_dcAcrobat Reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-23134
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.35% / 56.88%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-22 Feb, 2024 | 04:27
Updated-31 Dec, 2025 | 00:41
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Multiple Vulnerabilities in the Autodesk AutoCAD Desktop Software

A maliciously crafted IGS file in tbb.dll when parsed through Autodesk AutoCAD can be used in user-after-free vulnerability. This vulnerability, along with other vulnerabilities, could lead to code execution in the current process.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Autodesk Inc.
Product-civil_3dautocad_map_3dautocad_plant_3dautocad_architectureautocad_mechanicalautocadadvance_steelautocad_mepautocad_electricalAutoCADAutoCAD MechanicalAdvance SteelAutoCAD ArchitectureCivil 3DAutoCAD Plant 3DAutoCAD MEPAutoCAD MAP 3DAutoCAD Electricalautocad_civil_3dautocad_map_3dautocad_mechanicalautocad_electricalautocadautocad_mepautocad_architectureautocad_advance_steelautocad_plant_3d
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-28552
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-6.74% / 91.11%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-24 Aug, 2021 | 17:50
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 22:56
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Adobe Acrobat Reader DC XFA Template Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2021.001.20155 (and earlier), 2020.001.30025 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30196 (and earlier) are affected by an Use After Free vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Apple Inc.Microsoft CorporationAdobe Inc.
Product-acrobat_dcacrobat_readeracrobatacrobat_reader_dcwindowsmacosAcrobat Reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-29096
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.28% / 50.88%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-25 Mar, 2021 | 18:37
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 03:42
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
ArcGIS general raster security update: use-after-free

A use-after-free vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file in Esri ArcReader, ArcGIS Desktop, ArcGIS Engine 10.8.1 (and earlier) and ArcGIS Pro 2.7 (and earlier) allows an unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. ("Esri")
Product-arcgis_proarcreaderarcmaparcgis_engineArcGIS Engine Background GeoprocessingArcGIS DesktopArcGIS EngineArcGIS Desktop Background GeoprocessingArcReader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-22956
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.10% / 26.75%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-19 Jan, 2024 | 00:00
Updated-30 May, 2025 | 15:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

swftools 0.9.2 was discovered to contain a heap-use-after-free vulnerability via the function removeFromTo at swftools/src/swfc.c:838

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aSWFTools
Product-swftoolsn/a
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-23158
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.72% / 72.13%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-25 Jun, 2024 | 03:31
Updated-13 Nov, 2025 | 20:32
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Multiple ZDI Vulnerabilities in Autodesk AutoCAD and certain AutoCAD-based products

A maliciously crafted IGES file, when parsed in ASMImport229A.dll through Autodesk applications, can be used to cause a use-after-free vulnerability. A malicious actor can leverage this vulnerability to cause a crash or execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Autodesk Inc.
Product-autocad_map_3dautocad_mepautocadautocad_architecturecivil_3dautocad_mechanicalautocad_electricalautocad_plant_3dadvance_steelAdvance SteelAutoCADAutoCAD Plant 3DAutoCAD MAP 3DAutoCAD ElectricalAutoCAD MEPAutoCAD ArchitectureAutoCAD MechanicalCivil 3Dcivil_3dautocad_advance_steel
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-28631
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-30.80% / 96.62%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-24 Aug, 2021 | 17:51
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 20:22
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Adobe Acrobat Reader DC AcroForm Field Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2021.001.20155 (and earlier), 2020.001.30025 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30196 (and earlier) are affected by an Use After Free vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Apple Inc.Microsoft CorporationAdobe Inc.
Product-acrobat_dcacrobat_readeracrobatacrobat_reader_dcwindowsmacosAcrobat Reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-28639
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-53.44% / 97.93%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Aug, 2021 | 18:09
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 16:32
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Adobe Acrobat Reader DC setAction Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Acrobat Reader DC versions 2021.005.20054 (and earlier), 2020.004.30005 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30197 (and earlier) are affected by an Use-after-free vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Adobe Inc.
Product-acrobat_dcacrobat_reader_dcAcrobat Reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-27267
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-3.06% / 86.50%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 Mar, 2021 | 14:35
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 20:48
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PhantomPDF 10.1.0.37527. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of U3D objects in PDF files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-12294.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft CorporationFoxit Software Incorporated
Product-phantompdfwindowsfoxit_readerPhantomPDF
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2023-42041
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-1.76% / 82.33%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 May, 2024 | 02:12
Updated-19 May, 2025 | 14:25
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
PDF-XChange Editor Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

PDF-XChange Editor Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20845.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-PDF-XChange Co Ltd.
Product-pdf-toolspdf-xchange_editorPDF-XChange Editorpdf-xchange_editor
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2021-27037
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Autodesk
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.48% / 64.81%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Jul, 2021 | 14:17
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 20:40
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A maliciously crafted PNG, PDF or DWF file in Autodesk Design Review 2018, 2017, 2013, 2012, 2011 can be used to attempt to free an object that has already been freed while parsing them. This vulnerability may be exploited by remote malicious actors to execute arbitrary code.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aAutodesk Inc.
Product-design_reviewAutodesk Design Review
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2023-42097
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-1.95% / 83.20%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 May, 2024 | 02:13
Updated-02 Aug, 2024 | 19:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Foxit PDF Reader Annotation Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of Annotation objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21902.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Foxit Software Incorporated
Product-pdf_editorpdf_readerPDF Readerpdf_editor
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2023-42096
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-2.21% / 84.19%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 May, 2024 | 02:13
Updated-02 Aug, 2024 | 19:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Foxit PDF Reader PDF File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Foxit PDF Reader PDF File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21880.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Foxit Software Incorporated
Product-pdf_editorpdf_readerPDF Readerpdf_editor
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-21384
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.53% / 66.57%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Feb, 2024 | 18:02
Updated-09 May, 2025 | 18:23
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Microsoft Office OneNote Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft Office OneNote Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-office_long_term_servicing_channel365_appsMicrosoft 365 Apps for EnterpriseMicrosoft Office LTSC 2021
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2023-42080
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-1.71% / 82.05%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 May, 2024 | 02:12
Updated-16 May, 2025 | 16:19
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
PDF-XChange Editor EMF File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

PDF-XChange Editor EMF File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of EMF files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21877.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-PDF-XChange Co Ltd.
Product-pdf-xchange_editorpdf-toolsPDF-XChange Editorpdf-toolspdf-xchange_editorpdf-xchange_pro
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2017-9527
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.20% / 42.18%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Jun, 2017 | 17:00
Updated-20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The mark_context_stack function in gc.c in mruby through 1.2.0 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based use-after-free and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted .rb file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-mrubyn/aDebian GNU/Linux
Product-debian_linuxmrubyn/a
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2023-42091
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-1.95% / 83.20%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 May, 2024 | 02:13
Updated-02 Aug, 2024 | 19:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Foxit PDF Reader XFA Doc Object Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Foxit PDF Reader XFA Doc Object Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of Doc objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21601.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Foxit Software Incorporated
Product-pdf_editorpdf_readerPDF Readerpdf_reader
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2023-41974
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apple Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apple Inc.
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.23% / 45.06%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Jan, 2024 | 22:03
Updated-04 Nov, 2025 | 20:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 17 and iPadOS 17. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Apple Inc.
Product-ipadosiphone_osiOS and iPadOS
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2024-21426
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-0.91% / 75.47%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Mar, 2024 | 16:57
Updated-03 May, 2025 | 00:46
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Microsoft SharePoint Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Microsoft SharePoint Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-sharepoint_serverMicrosoft SharePoint Enterprise Server 2016Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription EditionMicrosoft SharePoint Server 2019
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
CVE-2023-42075
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Zero Day Initiative
CVSS Score-7.8||HIGH
EPSS-1.71% / 82.05%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-03 May, 2024 | 02:12
Updated-16 May, 2025 | 16:12
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
PDF-XChange Editor JPG File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

PDF-XChange Editor JPG File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JPG files. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21691.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-PDF-XChange Co Ltd.
Product-pdf-xchange_editorpdf-toolsPDF-XChange Editorpdf-toolspdf-xchange_editorpdf-xchange_pro
CWE ID-CWE-416
Use After Free
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