Budibase is an open-source low-code platform. Prior to version 3.23.25, a business logic vulnerability exists in Budibase’s password reset functionality due to the absence of rate limiting, CAPTCHA, or abuse prevention mechanisms on the “Forgot Password” endpoint. An unauthenticated attacker can repeatedly trigger password reset requests for the same email address, resulting in hundreds of password reset emails being sent in a short time window. This enables large-scale email flooding, user harassment, denial of service (DoS) against user inboxes, and potential financial and reputational impact for Budibase. This issue has been patched in version 3.23.25.

Fiber is an Express inspired web framework written in Go. In versions on the v3 branch prior to 3.1.0, the use of the `fiber_flash` cookie can force an unbounded allocation on any server. A crafted 10-character cookie value triggers an attempt to allocate up to 85GB of memory via unvalidated msgpack deserialization. No authentication is required. Every GoFiber v3 endpoint is affected regardless of whether the application uses flash messages. Version 3.1.0 fixes the issue.

Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in ASP.NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

`silverstripe/graphql` serves Silverstripe data as GraphQL representations. In versions 4.2.2 and 4.1.1, an attacker could use a specially crafted graphql query to execute a denial of service attack against a website which has a publicly exposed graphql endpoint. This mostly affects websites with particularly large/complex graphql schemas. Users should upgrade to `silverstripe/graphql` 4.2.3 or 4.1.2 to remedy the vulnerability.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40, a crafted SVG file containing an malicious element causes ImageMagick to attempt to allocate ~674 GB of memory, leading to an out-of-memory abort. Versions 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40 contain a patch.

ntpd-rs is a full-featured implementation of the Network Time Protocol. Prior to 1.7.1, an attacker can remotely induce moderate increases (2-4 times above normal) in cpu usage. When having NTS enabled on an ntpd-rs server, an attacker can create malformed NTS packets that take significantly more effort for the server to respond to by requesting a large number of cookies. This can lead to degraded server performance even when a server could otherwise handle the load. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.7.1.

AdonisJS is a TypeScript-first web framework. Prior to versions 10.1.3 and 11.0.0-next.9, a denial of service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the multipart file handling logic of @adonisjs/bodyparser. When processing file uploads, the multipart parser may accumulate an unbounded amount of data in memory while attempting to detect file types, potentially leading to excessive memory consumption and process termination. This issue has been patched in versions 10.1.3 and 11.0.0-next.9.

If one side of the TLS connection sends multiple key update messages post-handshake in a single record, the connection can deadlock, causing uncontrolled consumption of resources. This can lead to a denial of service. This only affects TLS 1.3.

Jenkins 2.393 and earlier, LTS 2.375.3 and earlier uses the Apache Commons FileUpload library without specifying limits for the number of request parts introduced in version 1.5 for CVE-2023-24998 in org.kohsuke.stapler.RequestImpl, allowing attackers to trigger a denial of service.

The crewjam/saml go library contains a partial implementation of the SAML standard in golang. Prior to version 0.4.13, the package's use of `flate.NewReader` does not limit the size of the input. The user can pass more than 1 MB of data in the HTTP request to the processing functions, which will be decompressed server-side using the Deflate algorithm. Therefore, after repeating the same request multiple times, it is possible to achieve a reliable crash since the operating system kills the process. This issue is patched in version 0.4.13.

jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.2.0, user control of the first argument of the `addImage` method results in denial of service. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized image data or URLs to the `addImage` method, a user can provide a harmful GIF file that results in out of memory errors and denial of service. Harmful GIF files have large width and/or height entries in their headers, which lead to excessive memory allocation. Other affected methods are: `html`. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF 4.2.0. As a workaround, sanitize image data or URLs before passing it to the addImage method or one of the other affected methods.

express-rate-limit is a basic rate-limiting middleware for Express. In versions starting from 8.0.0 and prior to versions 8.0.2, 8.1.1, 8.2.2, and 8.3.0, the default keyGenerator in express-rate-limit applies IPv6 subnet masking (/56 by default) to all addresses that net.isIPv6() returns true for. This includes IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses (::ffff:x.x.x.x), which Node.js returns as request.ip on dual-stack servers. Because the first 80 bits of all IPv4-mapped addresses are zero, a /56 (or any /32 to /80) subnet mask produces the same network key (::/56) for every IPv4 client. This collapses all IPv4 traffic into a single rate-limit bucket: one client exhausting the limit causes HTTP 429 for all other IPv4 clients. This issue has been patched in versions 8.0.2, 8.1.1, 8.2.2, and 8.3.0.

Jenkins 2.393 and earlier, LTS 2.375.3 and earlier uses the Apache Commons FileUpload library without specifying limits for the number of request parts introduced in version 1.5 for CVE-2023-24998 in hudson.util.MultipartFormDataParser, allowing attackers to trigger a denial of service.

A vulnerability has been identified where a maliciously crafted message containing a specific chain of characters can cause the chat to enter a hot loop on one of the processes, consuming ~120% CPU and rendering the service unresponsive.

SSH servers which implement file transfer protocols are vulnerable to a denial of service attack from clients which complete the key exchange slowly, or not at all, causing pending content to be read into memory, but never transmitted.

An issue found in POWERAMP 925-bundle-play and Poweramp 954-uni allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via the Rescan button in Queue and Select Folders button in Library

IBM Watson CP4D Data Stores 4.6.0 does not properly allocate resources without limits or throttling which could allow a remote attacker with information specific to the system to cause a denial of service. IBM X-Force ID: 248924.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in GitHub repository froxlor/froxlor prior to 2.0.16.

An issue found in DUALSPACE Super Secuirty v.2.3.7 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service via the SharedPreference files.

A DoS vulnerability exists in Rack <v3.0.4.2, <v2.2.6.3, <v2.1.4.3 and <v2.0.9.3 within in the Multipart MIME parsing code in which could allow an attacker to craft requests that can be abuse to cause multipart parsing to take longer than expected.

OpenSIPS is a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) server implementation. Prior to versions 3.1.8 and 3.2.5, OpenSIPS crashes when a malformed SDP body is sent multiple times to an OpenSIPS configuration that makes use of the `stream_process` function. This issue was discovered during coverage guided fuzzing of the function `codec_delete_except_re`. By abusing this vulnerability, an attacker is able to crash the server. It affects configurations containing functions that rely on the affected code, such as the function `codec_delete_except_re`. This issue has been fixed in version 3.1.8 and 3.2.5.

Boundary Community Edition and Boundary Enterprise (“Boundary”) workers are vulnerable to a denial-of-service condition during node enrollment TLS handshakes. An attacker with network access to the worker authentication listener may open a connection and delay or withhold the client certificate during the TLS handshake, causing worker connection handling to block. This may prevent legitimate worker connections from being accepted or routed. This vulnerability, CVE-2026-7776, is fixed in Boundary 0.21.3, 0.20.3, 0.19.5.

An issue found in WHOv.1.0.28, v.1.0.30, v.1.0.32 allows an attacker to cause a denial of service via the SharedPreference files.

An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS on QFX5000 Series and EX4600 Series switches allows an attacker sending large amounts of legitimate traffic destined to the device to cause Interchassis Control Protocol (ICCP) interruptions, leading to an unstable control connection between the Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (MC-LAG) nodes which can in turn lead to traffic loss. Continued receipt of this amount of traffic will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. An indication that the system could be impacted by this issue is the following log message: "DDOS_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION_SET: Warning: Host-bound traffic for protocol/exception LOCALNH:aggregate exceeded its allowed bandwidth at fpc <fpc number> for <n> times, started at <timestamp>" This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on QFX5000 Series and EX4600 Series: 15.1 versions prior to 15.1R7-S9; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S11; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S13, 17.4R3-S5; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S5; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S8, 18.4R3-S7; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S5; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S6, 19.2R3-S2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S6, 19.3R3-S2; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R1-S4, 19.4R2-S4, 19.4R3-S2; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R2-S2, 20.1R3; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R2-S3, 20.2R3; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R2; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R1-S1, 20.4R2.

Mastodon is a free, open-source social network server based on ActivityPub. Mastodon versions before v4.3.18, v4.4.12, and v4.5.5 do not have a limit on the maximum number of poll options for remote posts, allowing attackers to create polls with a very large amount of options, greatly increasing resource consumption. Depending on the number of poll options, an attacker can cause disproportionate resource usage in both Mastodon servers and clients, potentially causing Denial of Service either server-side or client-side. Mastodon versions v4.5.5, v4.4.12, v4.3.18 are patched.

When reading a specially crafted 7Z archive, Compress can be made to allocate large amounts of memory that finally leads to an out of memory error even for very small inputs. This could be used to mount a denial of service attack against services that use Compress' sevenz package.

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Thread Pooling). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.39 and prior, 8.4.2 and prior and 9.0.1 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Kiwi TCMS, an open source test management system, does not impose rate limits in versions prior to 12.0. This makes it easier to attempt denial-of-service attacks against the Password reset page. An attacker could potentially send a large number of emails if they know the email addresses of users in Kiwi TCMS. Additionally that may strain SMTP resources. Users should upgrade to v12.0 or later to receive a patch. As potential workarounds, users may install and configure a rate-limiting proxy in front of Kiwi TCMS and/or configure rate limits on their email server when possible.

Redis is an open source, in-memory database that persists on disk. In versions starting at 2.6 and prior to 7.4.3, An unauthenticated client can cause unlimited growth of output buffers, until the server runs out of memory or is killed. By default, the Redis configuration does not limit the output buffer of normal clients (see client-output-buffer-limit). Therefore, the output buffer can grow unlimitedly over time. As a result, the service is exhausted and the memory is unavailable. When password authentication is enabled on the Redis server, but no password is provided, the client can still cause the output buffer to grow from "NOAUTH" responses until the system will run out of memory. This issue has been patched in version 7.4.3. An additional workaround to mitigate this problem without patching the redis-server executable is to block access to prevent unauthenticated users from connecting to Redis. This can be done in different ways. Either using network access control tools like firewalls, iptables, security groups, etc, or enabling TLS and requiring users to authenticate using client side certificates.

@fastify/multipart is a Fastify plugin to parse the multipart content-type. Prior to versions 7.4.1 and 6.0.1, @fastify/multipart may experience denial of service due to a number of situations in which an unlimited number of parts are accepted. This includes the multipart body parser accepting an unlimited number of file parts, the multipart body parser accepting an unlimited number of field parts, and the multipart body parser accepting an unlimited number of empty parts as field parts. This is fixed in v7.4.1 (for Fastify v4.x) and v6.0.1 (for Fastify v3.x). There are no known workarounds.

Knot Resolver before 5.6.0 enables attackers to consume its resources, launching amplification attacks and potentially causing a denial of service. Specifically, a single client query may lead to a hundred TCP connection attempts if a DNS server closes connections without providing a response.

OpenTelemetry-Go Contrib is a collection of third-party packages for OpenTelemetry-Go. Starting in version 0.37.0 and prior to version 0.46.0, the grpc Unary Server Interceptor out of the box adds labels `net.peer.sock.addr` and `net.peer.sock.port` that have unbound cardinality. It leads to the server's potential memory exhaustion when many malicious requests are sent. An attacker can easily flood the peer address and port for requests. Version 0.46.0 contains a fix for this issue. As a workaround to stop being affected, a view removing the attributes can be used. The other possibility is to disable grpc metrics instrumentation by passing `otelgrpc.WithMeterProvider` option with `noop.NewMeterProvider`.

A Denial of Service (DoS) issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all up to 17.8.7, 17.9 prior to 17.9.6 and 17.10 prior to 17.10.4 A denial of service could occur upon injecting oversized payloads into CI pipeline exports.

A gzip decompression bomb vulnerability exists when Orthanc processes HTTP request with `Content-Encoding: gzip`. The server does not enforce limits on decompressed size and allocates memory based on attacker-controlled compression metadata. A specially crafted gzip payload can trigger excessive memory allocation and exhaust system memory.

A memory exhaustion vulnerability exists in ZIP archive processing. Orthanc automatically extracts ZIP archives uploaded to certain endpoints and trusts metadata fields describing the uncompressed size of archived files. An attacker can craft a small ZIP archive containing a forged size value, causing the server to allocate extremely large buffers during extraction.

Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0, at the end of a contract execution, when opcode SUICIDE marks a contract to be deleted, the software uses `storage::remove_prefix` (now renamed to `storage::clear_prefix`) to remove all storages associated with it. This is a single IO primitive call passing the WebAssembly boundary. For large contracts, the call (without providing a `limit` parameter) can be slow. In addition, for parachains, all storages to be deleted will be part of the PoV, which easily exceed relay chain PoV size limit. On the other hand, Frontier's maintainers only charge a fixed cost for opcode SUICIDE. The maintainers consider the severity of this issue high, because an attacker can craft a contract with a lot of storage values on a parachain, and then call opcode SUICIDE on the contract. If the transaction makes into a parachain block, the parachain will then stall because the PoV size will exceed relay chain's limit. This is especially an issue for XCM transactions, because they can't be skipped. Commit aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0 contains a patch for this issue. For parachains, it's recommended to issue an emergency runtime upgrade as soon as possible. For standalone chains, the impact is less severe because the issue mainly affects PoV sizes. It's recommended to issue a normal runtime upgrade as soon as possible. There are no known workarounds.

Boxo, formerly known as go-libipfs, is a library for building IPFS applications and implementations. In versions 0.4.0 and 0.5.0, if an attacker is able allocate arbitrary many bytes in the Bitswap server, those allocations are lasting even if the connection is closed. This affects users accepting untrusted connections with the Bitswap server and also affects users using the old API stubs at `github.com/ipfs/go-libipfs/bitswap` because users then transitively import `github.com/ipfs/go-libipfs/bitswap/server`. Boxo versions 0.6.0 and 0.4.1 contain a patch for this issue. As a workaround, those who are using the stub object at `github.com/ipfs/go-libipfs/bitswap` not taking advantage of the features provided by the server can refactor their code to use the new split API that will allow them to run in a client only mode: `github.com/ipfs/go-libipfs/bitswap/client`.

Apache Traffic Server 6.0.0 to 6.2.3, 7.0.0 to 7.1.10, and 8.0.0 to 8.0.7 is vulnerable to certain types of HTTP/2 HEADERS frames that can cause the server to allocate a large amount of memory and spin the thread.

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 8.7 before 17.10.8, 17.11 before 17.11.4, and 18.0 before 18.0.2. Improper input validation in Tokens Names could be used to trigger a denial of service.

notation-go is a collection of libraries for supporting Notation sign, verify, push, and pull of oci artifacts. Prior to version 1.0.0-rc.3, notation-go users will find their application using excessive memory when verifying signatures. The application will be killed, and thus availability is impacted. The problem has been patched in the release v1.0.0-rc.3. Some workarounds are available. Users can review their own trust policy file and check if the identity string contains `=#`. Meanwhile, users should only put trusted certificates in their trust stores referenced by their own trust policy files, and make sure the `authenticity` validation is set to `enforce`.

Mattermost versions 11.3.x <= 11.3.0, 11.2.x <= 11.2.2, 10.11.x <= 10.11.10 fail to properly handle very long passwords, which allows an attacker to overload the server CPU and memory via executing login attempts with multi-megabyte passwords. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00587

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 8.14 before 18.0.6, 18.1 before 18.1.4, and 18.2 before 18.2.2 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to create a denial of service condition by sending specially crafted payloads to specific integration API endpoints.

OpenTelemetry-Go Contrib is a collection of third-party packages for OpenTelemetry-Go. A handler wrapper out of the box adds labels `http.user_agent` and `http.method` that have unbound cardinality. It leads to the server's potential memory exhaustion when many malicious requests are sent to it. HTTP header User-Agent or HTTP method for requests can be easily set by an attacker to be random and long. The library internally uses `httpconv.ServerRequest` that records every value for HTTP `method` and `User-Agent`. In order to be affected, a program has to use the `otelhttp.NewHandler` wrapper and not filter any unknown HTTP methods or User agents on the level of CDN, LB, previous middleware, etc. Version 0.44.0 fixed this issue when the values collected for attribute `http.request.method` were changed to be restricted to a set of well-known values and other high cardinality attributes were removed. As a workaround to stop being affected, `otelhttp.WithFilter()` can be used, but it requires manual careful configuration to not log certain requests entirely. For convenience and safe usage of this library, it should by default mark with the label `unknown` non-standard HTTP methods and User agents to show that such requests were made but do not increase cardinality. In case someone wants to stay with the current behavior, library API should allow to enable it.

IBM MQ 9.2 CD, 9.2 LTS, 9.3 CD, and 9.3 LTS could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to an error processing invalid data. IBM X-Force ID: 248418.

IKTeam BearFTP before 0.2.0 allows remote attackers to achieve denial of service via a large volume of connections to the PASV mode port.

Seroval facilitates JS value stringification, including complex structures beyond JSON.stringify capabilities. In versions 1.4.0 and below, serialization of objects with extreme depth can exceed the maximum call stack limit. In version 1.4.1, Seroval introduces a `depthLimit` parameter in serialization/deserialization methods. An error will be thrown if the depth limit is reached.

seroval facilitates JS value stringification, including complex structures beyond JSON.stringify capabilities. In versions 1.4.0 and below, overriding encoded array lengths by replacing them with an excessively large value causes the deserialization process to significantly increase processing time. This issue has been fixed in version 1.4.1.

Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Prior to version 2.2.3, Werkzeug's multipart form data parser will parse an unlimited number of parts, including file parts. Parts can be a small amount of bytes, but each requires CPU time to parse and may use more memory as Python data. If a request can be made to an endpoint that accesses `request.data`, `request.form`, `request.files`, or `request.get_data(parse_form_data=False)`, it can cause unexpectedly high resource usage. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. The amount of RAM required can trigger an out of memory kill of the process. Unlimited file parts can use up memory and file handles. If many concurrent requests are sent continuously, this can exhaust or kill all available workers. Version 2.2.3 contains a patch for this issue.

The ppp decapsulator in tcpdump 4.9.3 can be convinced to allocate a large amount of memory.

hb-ot-layout-gsubgpos.hh in HarfBuzz through 6.0.0 allows attackers to trigger O(n^2) growth via consecutive marks during the process of looking back for base glyphs when attaching marks.