Calling NSS-backed functions that support caching via nscd may call the nscd client side code and in the GNU C Library version 2.36 under high load on x86_64 systems, the client may call memcmp on inputs that are concurrently modified by other processes or threads and crash. The nscd client in the GNU C Library uses the memcmp function with inputs that may be concurrently modified by another thread, potentially resulting in spurious cache misses, which in itself is not a security issue.  However in the GNU C Library version 2.36 an optimized implementation of memcmp was introduced for x86_64 which could crash when invoked with such undefined behaviour, turning this into a potential crash of the nscd client and the application that uses it. This implementation was backported to the 2.35 branch, making the nscd client in that branch vulnerable as well.  Subsequently, the fix for this issue was backported to all vulnerable branches in the GNU C Library repository. It is advised that distributions that may have cherry-picked the memcpy SSE2 optimization in their copy of the GNU C Library, also apply the fix to avoid the potential crash in the nscd client.

GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF loclists data. A logic flaw in the DWARF parsing code can cause readelf to repeatedly print the same table output without making forward progress, resulting in an unbounded output loop that never terminates unless externally interrupted. A local attacker can trigger this behavior by supplying a malicious input file, causing excessive CPU and I/O usage and preventing readelf from completing its analysis.

popd in bash might allow local users to bypass the restricted shell and cause a use-after-free via a crafted address.

GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF .debug_rnglists data. A logic flaw in the DWARF parsing path causes readelf to repeatedly print the same warning message without making forward progress, resulting in a non-terminating output loop that requires manual interruption. No evidence of memory corruption or code execution was observed.

In GNU tar before 1.35, mishandled extension attributes in a PAX archive can lead to an application crash in xheader.c.