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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2026-15786

Summary
Assigner-Wordfence
Assigner Org ID-b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599
Published At-23 Jul, 2026 | 09:33
Updated At-23 Jul, 2026 | 13:37
Rejected At-
Credits

WP Encryption <= 7.8.6.6 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Write via 'imploded' Parameter

The WP Encryption – One Click Free SSL Certificate & SSL / HTTPS Redirect, Security & SSL Scan plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 7.8.6.6 via the 'imploded' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. Although file write content is passed through esc_html(), which encodes angle brackets and prevents direct PHP execution, plaintext configuration files such as .htaccess are fully writable and exploitable for denial-of-service or redirect attacks.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:Wordfence
Assigner Org ID:b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599
Published At:23 Jul, 2026 | 09:33
Updated At:23 Jul, 2026 | 13:37
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
WP Encryption <= 7.8.6.6 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Write via 'imploded' Parameter

The WP Encryption – One Click Free SSL Certificate & SSL / HTTPS Redirect, Security & SSL Scan plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 7.8.6.6 via the 'imploded' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. Although file write content is passed through esc_html(), which encodes angle brackets and prevents direct PHP execution, plaintext configuration files such as .htaccess are fully writable and exploitable for denial-of-service or redirect attacks.

Affected Products
Vendor
gowebsmarty
Product
WP Encryption – Lifetime Free SSL Cert & HTTPS, Force SSL / HTTPS Redirect, SSL Security
Default Status
unaffected
Versions
Affected
  • From 0 through 7.8.6.6 (semver)
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
CWECWE-22CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Type: CWE
CWE ID: CWE-22
Description: CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
3.14.9MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Version: 3.1
Base score: 4.9
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

finder
Wordfence PRISM
Timeline
EventDate
Vendor Notified2026-07-22 07:16:48
Disclosed2026-07-22 20:35:43
Event: Vendor Notified
Date: 2026-07-22 07:16:48
Event: Disclosed
Date: 2026-07-22 20:35:43
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3ee86d33-5a1e-4dc5-b2f6-0beffd8a6b2e?source=cve
N/A
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L2138
N/A
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L2120
N/A
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L150
N/A
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=&old=3617401%40wp-letsencrypt-ssl&new=3617401%40wp-letsencrypt-ssl
N/A
Hyperlink: https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3ee86d33-5a1e-4dc5-b2f6-0beffd8a6b2e?source=cve
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L2138
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L2120
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L150
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=&old=3617401%40wp-letsencrypt-ssl&new=3617401%40wp-letsencrypt-ssl
Resource: N/A
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CISA ADP Vulnrichment
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:security@wordfence.com
Published At:23 Jul, 2026 | 10:16
Updated At:23 Jul, 2026 | 15:14

The WP Encryption – One Click Free SSL Certificate & SSL / HTTPS Redirect, Security & SSL Scan plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 7.8.6.6 via the 'imploded' parameter parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. Although file write content is passed through esc_html(), which encodes angle brackets and prevents direct PHP execution, plaintext configuration files such as .htaccess are fully writable and exploitable for denial-of-service or redirect attacks.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Secondary3.14.9MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
N/A
Type: Secondary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 4.9
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Type: N/A
Version:
Base score:
Base severity: N/A
Vector:
CPE Matches

Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-22Secondarysecurity@wordfence.com
CWE ID: CWE-22
Type: Secondary
Source: security@wordfence.com
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L150security@wordfence.com
N/A
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L2120security@wordfence.com
N/A
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L2138security@wordfence.com
N/A
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=&old=3617401%40wp-letsencrypt-ssl&new=3617401%40wp-letsencrypt-sslsecurity@wordfence.com
N/A
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3ee86d33-5a1e-4dc5-b2f6-0beffd8a6b2e?source=cvesecurity@wordfence.com
N/A
Hyperlink: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L150
Source: security@wordfence.com
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L2120
Source: security@wordfence.com
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-letsencrypt-ssl/tags/7.8.6.6/admin/le_admin.php#L2138
Source: security@wordfence.com
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?reponame=&old=3617401%40wp-letsencrypt-ssl&new=3617401%40wp-letsencrypt-ssl
Source: security@wordfence.com
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/3ee86d33-5a1e-4dc5-b2f6-0beffd8a6b2e?source=cve
Source: security@wordfence.com
Resource: N/A

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Canonical Ltd.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Canonical Ltd.
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.62% / 45.86%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
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Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An authenticated user who has read access to the juju controller model, may construct a remote request to download an arbitrary file from the controller's filesystem.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Canonical Ltd.
Product-jujuJuju
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2024-32117
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fortinet, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Fortinet, Inc.
CVSS Score-4.7||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.84% / 53.97%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Nov, 2024 | 18:53
Updated-21 Jan, 2025 | 22:19
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability [CWE-22] in Fortinet FortiManager version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 and below 7.2.5, FortiAnalyzer version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 and below 7.2.5 & FortiAnalyzer-BigData version 7.4.0 and below 7.2.7 allows a privileged attacker to read arbitrary files from the underlying system via crafted HTTP or HTTPs requests.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Fortinet, Inc.
Product-fortianalyzer_big_datafortimanagerfortianalyzerFortiManagerFortiAnalyzer
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2025-20374
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Cisco Systems, Inc.
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.04% / 60.26%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
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Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Cisco Unified Contact Center Express Arbitrary File Download Vulnerability

A vulnerability in the web UI of Cisco Unified CCX could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a directory traversal and access arbitrary resources. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient input validation associated to specific UI features. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web UI. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain read access to arbitrary files on the underlying operating system.&nbsp;To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Cisco Systems, Inc.
Product-unified_contact_center_expressCisco Unified Contact Center Express
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2025-21095
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
CVSS Score-6.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.53% / 41.34%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-05 Mar, 2025 | 15:19
Updated-15 Apr, 2026 | 00:35
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Keysight Ixia Vision Product Family Path Traversal

Path traversal may lead to arbitrary file download. The score without least privilege principle violation is as calculated below. In combination with other issues it may facilitate further compromise of the device. Remediation in Version 6.8.0, release date: 01-Mar-25.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Keysight
Product-Ixia Vision Product Family
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-44532
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.70% / 49.45%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 Nov, 2022 | 19:32
Updated-24 Apr, 2025 | 15:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An authenticated path traversal vulnerability exists in the Aruba EdgeConnect Enterprise command line interface. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to read arbitrary files on the underlying operating system, including sensitive system files in Aruba EdgeConnect Enterprise Software version(s): ECOS 9.2.1.0 and below; ECOS 9.1.3.0 and below; ECOS 9.0.7.0 and below; ECOS 8.3.7.1 and below.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)Aruba Networks
Product-edgeconnect_enterpriseAruba EdgeConnect Enterprise Software
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-44299
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.83% / 53.59%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Feb, 2023 | 00:00
Updated-19 Mar, 2025 | 15:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

SiteServerCMS 7.1.3 sscms has a file read vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-sscmsn/a
Product-siteserver_cmsn/a
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-42706
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.09% / 62.03%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-05 Dec, 2022 | 00:00
Updated-24 Apr, 2025 | 15:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An issue was discovered in Sangoma Asterisk through 16.28, 17 and 18 through 18.14, 19 through 19.6, and certified through 18.9-cert1. GetConfig, via Asterisk Manager Interface, allows a connected application to access files outside of the asterisk configuration directory, aka Directory Traversal.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aSangoma Technologies Corp.
Product-certified_asteriskasteriskn/a
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2025-1769
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.76% / 51.36%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Mar, 2025 | 11:22
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 16:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Product Import Export for WooCommerce <= 2.5.0 - Directory Traversal to Authenticated (Administrator+) Limited Arbitrary File Read via download_file Function

The Product Import Export for WooCommerce – Import Export Product CSV Suite plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 2.5.0 via the download_file() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary log files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-webtoffeewebtoffee
Product-product_import_export_for_woocommerceProduct Import Export for WooCommerce – Import Export Product CSV Suite
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2025-15487
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.42% / 34.44%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-04 Feb, 2026 | 08:25
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 17:34
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Code Explorer <= 1.4.6 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Read via 'file' Parameter

The Code Explorer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Path Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.6 via the 'file' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-qriouslad
Product-Code Explorer
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-41212
Matching Score-4
Assigner-SAP SE
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-SAP SE
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.76% / 51.60%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Nov, 2022 | 00:00
Updated-02 May, 2025 | 18:04
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Due to insufficient input validation, SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and ABAP Platform allows an attacker with high level privileges to use a remote enabled function to read a file which is otherwise restricted. On successful exploitation an attacker can completely compromise the confidentiality of the application.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-SAP SE
Product-netweaver_application_server_abapSAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and ABAP Platform
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-38423
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Adobe Systems Incorporated
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-45.02% / 98.65%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Oct, 2022 | 19:42
Updated-23 Apr, 2025 | 16:48
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Adobe ColdFusion Application Server Directory Traversal Information Disclosure Vulnerability

Adobe ColdFusion versions Update 14 (and earlier) and Update 4 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability that could result in information disclosure. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction, but does require administrator privileges.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Adobe Inc.
Product-coldfusionColdFusion
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2025-13681
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.35% / 27.51%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-14 Feb, 2026 | 03:25
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 16:55
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
BFG Tools – Extension Zipper <= 1.0.7 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Path Traversal via 'first_file' Parameter

The BFG Tools – Extension Zipper plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Path Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.7. This is due to insufficient input validation on the user-supplied `first_file` parameter in the `zip()` function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files and directories outside the intended `/wp-content/plugins/` directory, which can contain sensitive information such as wp-config.php.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-thebaldfatguy
Product-BFG Tools – Extension Zipper
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-35235
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Patchstack
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Patchstack
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.90% / 55.93%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Aug, 2022 | 15:46
Updated-28 Apr, 2026 | 16:07
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
WordPress WPide plugin <= 2.6 - Authenticated Arbitrary File Read vulnerability

Authenticated (admin+) Arbitrary File Read vulnerability in XplodedThemes WPide plugin <= 2.6 at WordPress.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-xplodedthemesXplodedThemes
Product-wpide_-_file_manager_\&_code_editorWPIDE – File Manager & Code Editor (WordPress plugin)
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE ID-CWE-552
Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties
CVE-2025-12923
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VulDB
CVSS Score-5.1||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.56% / 43.16%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Nov, 2025 | 00:32
Updated-21 Nov, 2025 | 15:31
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
liweiyi ChestnutCMS download resourceDownload path traversal

A vulnerability was determined in liweiyi ChestnutCMS up to 1.5.8. This vulnerability affects the function resourceDownload of the file /dev-api/common/download. Executing manipulation of the argument path can lead to path traversal. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-1000mzliweiyi
Product-chestnutcmsChestnutCMS
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-36328
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Western Digital
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Western Digital
CVSS Score-5.8||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.77% / 51.71%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-18 May, 2023 | 17:55
Updated-22 Jan, 2025 | 14:39
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Path Traversal Vulnerability leading to an arbitrary file read in Western Digital devices

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability that could allow an attacker to create arbitrary shares on arbitrary directories and exfiltrate sensitive files, passwords, users and device configurations was discovered in Western Digital My Cloud Home, My Cloud Home Duo, SanDisk ibi and Western Digital My Cloud OS 5 devices. This can only be exploited once an attacker gains root privileges on the devices using an authentication bypass issue or another vulnerability.This issue affects My Cloud Home and My Cloud Home Duo: before 9.4.0-191; ibi: before 9.4.0-191; My Cloud OS 5: before 5.26.202.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Western Digital Corp.Sandisk Corp.
Product-my_cloud_os_5my_cloud_home_firmwaremy_cloud_homemy_cloud_home_duomy_cloud_pr4100sandisk_ibi_firmwaremy_cloud_dl2100sandisk_ibiwd_cloudmy_cloudmy_cloud_ex4100my_cloud_ex2_ultramy_cloud_mirror_g2my_cloud_pr2100my_cloud_dl4100my_cloud_ex2100my_cloud_home_duo_firmwareMy Cloud OS 5My Cloud Home and My Cloud Home Duoibi
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2025-13972
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.46% / 37.62%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-12 Dec, 2025 | 03:20
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 17:20
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
WatchTowerHQ <= 3.16.0 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary File Read via 'wht_download_big_object_origin' Parameter

The WatchTowerHQ plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file read via the 'wht_download_big_object_origin' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 3.16.0. This is due to insufficient path validation in the handle_big_object_download_request function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and a valid access token, to read arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information such as database credentials and authentication keys.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-watchtowerhq
Product-WatchTowerHQ
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2025-12496
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.60% / 45.04%
||
7 Day CHG+0.01%
Published-17 Dec, 2025 | 07:21
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 16:43
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Zephyr Project Manager <= 3.3.203 - Authenticated (Custom+) Arbitrary File Read And Server-Side Request Forgery

The Zephyr Project Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.203 via the `file` parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Custom-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. On a servers that have `allow_url_fopen` enabled, this issue allows for Server-Side Request Forgery

Action-Not Available
Vendor-dylanjkotze
Product-Zephyr Project Manager
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2024-22723
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.88% / 55.20%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-28 Feb, 2024 | 00:00
Updated-21 Jan, 2025 | 18:31
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Webtrees 2.1.18 is vulnerable to Directory Traversal. By manipulating the "media_folder" parameter in the URL, an attacker (in this case, an administrator) can navigate beyond the intended directory (the 'media/' directory) to access sensitive files in other parts of the application's file system.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-webtreesn/awebtrees
Product-webtreesn/awebtrees
CWE ID-CWE-31
Path Traversal: 'dir\..\..\filename'
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2024-2294
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.92% / 56.50%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Mar, 2024 | 01:55
Updated-15 Apr, 2026 | 00:35
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone <= 1.2.7 - Authenticated (Admin+) Directory Traversal

The Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.7 via the backup_name parameter in the backuply_download_backup function. This makes it possible for attackers to have an account with only activate_plugins capability to access arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. This only impacts sites hosted on Windows servers.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-softaculous
Product-Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-31475
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Patchstack
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Patchstack
CVSS Score-5.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.82% / 53.55%
||
7 Day CHG+0.13%
Published-21 Jul, 2022 | 17:24
Updated-28 Apr, 2026 | 16:07
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
WordPress GiveWP plugin <= 2.20.2 - Authenticated Arbitrary File Read via Export function vulnerability

Authenticated (custom plugin role) Arbitrary File Read via Export function vulnerability in GiveWP's GiveWP plugin <= 2.20.2 at WordPress.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-GiveWP
Product-givewpGiveWP (WordPress plugin)
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE ID-CWE-284
Improper Access Control
CWE ID-CWE-552
Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties
CVE-2019-11327
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.37% / 68.96%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Sep, 2019 | 18:24
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 22:48
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An issue was discovered on Topcon Positioning Net-G5 GNSS Receiver devices with firmware 5.2.2. The web interface of the product has a local file inclusion vulnerability. An attacker with administrative privileges can craft a special URL to read arbitrary files from the device's files system.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-topconn/a
Product-net-g5_firmwarenet-g5n/a
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2024-47948
Matching Score-4
Assigner-JetBrains s.r.o.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-JetBrains s.r.o.
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.53% / 41.74%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Oct, 2024 | 15:48
Updated-11 Oct, 2024 | 19:56
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In JetBrains TeamCity before 2024.07.3 path traversal leading to information disclosure was possible via server backups

Action-Not Available
Vendor-JetBrains s.r.o.
Product-teamcityTeamCity
CWE ID-CWE-23
Relative Path Traversal
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-43518
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.70% / 49.45%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 Nov, 2022 | 19:26
Updated-24 Apr, 2025 | 15:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An authenticated path traversal vulnerability exists in the Aruba EdgeConnect Enterprise web interface. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to read arbitrary files on the underlying operating system, including sensitive system files in Aruba EdgeConnect Enterprise Software version(s): ECOS 9.2.1.0 and below; ECOS 9.1.3.0 and below; ECOS 9.0.7.0 and below; ECOS 8.3.7.1 and below.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE)Aruba Networks
Product-edgeconnect_enterpriseAruba EdgeConnect Enterprise Software
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2024-12875
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.98% / 58.51%
||
7 Day CHG+0.02%
Published-21 Dec, 2024 | 11:22
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 17:31
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Easy Digital Downloads <= 3.3.2 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Download

The Easy Digital Downloads – eCommerce Payments and Subscriptions made easy plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.2 via the file download functionality. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Awesome Motive Inc.
Product-easy_digital_downloadsEasy Digital Downloads – eCommerce Payments and Subscriptions made easy
CWE ID-CWE-73
External Control of File Name or Path
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2024-12850
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.84% / 54.04%
||
7 Day CHG+0.02%
Published-24 Dec, 2024 | 09:21
Updated-15 Apr, 2026 | 00:35
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Database Backup and check Tables Automated With Scheduler 2024 <= 2.32 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Read

The Database Backup and check Tables Automated With Scheduler 2024 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 2.32 via the database_backup_ajax_download() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-sminozzi
Product-Database Backup and Table Integrity Check with Automated Scheduling
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2024-10708
Matching Score-4
Assigner-WPScan
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-WPScan
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-2.03% / 79.00%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Dec, 2024 | 06:00
Updated-17 May, 2025 | 02:00
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
System Dashboard < 2.8.15 - Admin+ Path Traversal

The System Dashboard WordPress plugin before 2.8.15 does not validate user input used in a path, which could allow high privilege users such as admin to perform path traversal attacks an read arbitrary files on the server

Action-Not Available
Vendor-bowoUnknownbowo
Product-system_dashboardSystem Dashboardsystem_dashboard
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-2943
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.35% / 68.70%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-06 Sep, 2022 | 17:19
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 18:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
WordPress Infinite Scroll – Ajax Load More <= 5.5.3 - Authenticated (Admin+) Arbitrary File Read

The WordPress Infinite Scroll – Ajax Load More plugin for Wordpress is vulnerable to arbitrary file reading in versions up to, and including, 5.5.3 due to insufficient file path validation on the alm_repeaters_export() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrative privileges, to download arbitrary files hosted on the server that may contain sensitive content, such as the wp-config.php file.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-connekthqdcooney
Product-ajax_load_moreAjax Load More – Infinite Scroll, Load More, & Lazy Load
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-2922
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Protect AI (formerly huntr.dev)
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Protect AI (formerly huntr.dev)
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.03% / 60.01%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 Sep, 2022 | 06:45
Updated-20 May, 2025 | 16:03
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Relative Path Traversal in dnnsoftware/dnn.platform

Relative Path Traversal in GitHub repository dnnsoftware/dnn.platform prior to 9.11.0.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-ESW Operations, LLC ("DNN Software")
Product-dotnetnukednnsoftware/dnn.platform
CWE ID-CWE-23
Relative Path Traversal
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-2945
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.50% / 71.60%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-06 Sep, 2022 | 17:19
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 18:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
WordPress Infinite Scroll – Ajax Load More <= 5.5.3 - Directory Traversal

The WordPress Infinite Scroll – Ajax Load More plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in versions up to, and including, 5.5.3 via the 'type' parameter found in the alm_get_layout() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrative permissions, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-connekthqdcooney
Product-ajax_load_moreAjax Load More – Infinite Scroll, Load More, & Lazy Load
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-29097
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.24% / 65.94%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-24 Jun, 2022 | 17:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 16:22
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Dell WMS 3.6.1 and below contains a Path Traversal vulnerability in Device API. A remote attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, to gain unauthorized read access to the files stored on the server filesystem, with the privileges of the running web application.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Dell Inc.
Product-wyse_management_suiteWyse Management Suite
CWE ID-CWE-23
Relative Path Traversal
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2022-2926
Matching Score-4
Assigner-WPScan
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-WPScan
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.33% / 68.04%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Sep, 2022 | 12:35
Updated-21 May, 2025 | 17:15
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Download Manager < 3.2.55 - Admin+ Arbitrary File/Folder Access via Path Traversal

The Download Manager WordPress plugin before 3.2.55 does not validate one of its settings, which could allow high privilege users such as admin to list and read arbitrary files and folders outside of the blog directory

Action-Not Available
Vendor-UnknownAdobe Inc.
Product-download_managerDownload Manager
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2021-21514
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-5.36% / 91.79%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-02 Mar, 2021 | 16:00
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 02:41
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Dell EMC OpenManage Server Administrator (OMSA) versions 9.5 and prior contain a path traversal vulnerability. A remote user with admin privileges could potentially exploit this vulnerability to view arbitrary files on the target system by sending a specially crafted URL request.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Dell Inc.
Product-openmanage_server_administratorDell Open Manage Server Administrator
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2021-21907
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.42% / 70.08%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-22 Dec, 2021 | 18:06
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 18:30
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A directory traversal vulnerability exists in the CMA CLI getenv command functionality of Garrett Metal Detectors’ iC Module CMA Version 5.0. A specially-crafted command line argument can lead to local file inclusion. An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-garrettn/a
Product-ic_module_cmaGarrett Metal Detectors
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2021-22022
Matching Score-4
Assigner-VMware by Broadcom
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-VMware by Broadcom
CVSS Score-4.9||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.13% / 63.10%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 Aug, 2021 | 17:53
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 18:30
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The vRealize Operations Manager API (8.x prior to 8.5) contains an arbitrary file read vulnerability. A malicious actor with administrative access to vRealize Operations Manager API can read any arbitrary file on server leading to information disclosure.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aVMware (Broadcom Inc.)
Product-vrealize_operations_managercloud_foundationvrealize_suite_lifecycle_managerVMware vRealize Operations
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2021-21569
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Dell
CVSS Score-6.8||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.96% / 57.82%
||
7 Day CHG+0.03%
Published-28 Sep, 2021 | 19:20
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 03:08
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Dell NetWorker, versions 18.x and 19.x contain a Path traversal vulnerability. A NetWorker server user with remote access to NetWorker clients may potentially exploit this vulnerability and gain access to unauthorized information.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Dell Inc.
Product-emc_networkerNetWorker
CWE ID-CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2021-20511
Matching Score-4
Assigner-IBM Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-IBM Corporation
CVSS Score-5.2||MEDIUM
EPSS-1.89% / 77.41%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Jul, 2021 | 17:15
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 00:20
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

IBM Security Verify Access Docker 10.0.0 could allow a remote attacker to traverse directories on the system. An attacker could send a specially-crafted URL request containing "dot dot" sequences (/../) to view arbitrary files on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 198300.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-IBM CorporationDocker, Inc.
Product-security_verify_accessdockerSecurity Verify Access Docker
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CVE-2024-0697
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-Wordfence
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.76% / 51.58%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-27 Jan, 2024 | 04:31
Updated-08 Apr, 2026 | 18:18
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone <= 1.2.3 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Directory Traversal

The Backuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.3 via the node_id parameter in the backuply_get_jstree function. This makes it possible for attackers with administrator privileges or higher to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-softaculoussoftaculous
Product-backuplyBackuply – Backup, Restore, Migrate and Clone
CWE ID-CWE-22
Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
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