The JWT secret key is embedded in the egOS WebGUI backend and is readable to the default user. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate valid HS256 tokens and bypass authentication/authorization due to the use of hard-coded cryptographic key.

Session Validation attacks in Apache Superset versions up to and including 2.0.1. Installations that have not altered the default configured SECRET_KEY according to installation instructions allow for an attacker to authenticate and access unauthorized resources. This does not affect Superset administrators who have changed the default value for SECRET_KEY config. All superset installations should always set a unique secure random SECRET_KEY. Your SECRET_KEY is used to securely sign all session cookies and encrypting sensitive information on the database. Add a strong SECRET_KEY to your `superset_config.py` file like: SECRET_KEY = <YOUR_OWN_RANDOM_GENERATED_SECRET_KEY> Alternatively you can set it with `SUPERSET_SECRET_KEY` environment variable.

Dragonfly is an open source P2P-based file distribution and image acceleration system. It is hosted by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) as an Incubating Level Project. Dragonfly uses JWT to verify user. However, the secret key for JWT, "Secret Key", is hard coded, which leads to authentication bypass. An attacker can perform any action as a user with admin privileges. This issue has been addressed in release version 2.0.9. All users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

IBM Fusion 2.2.0 through 2.10.1, IBM Fusion HCI 2.2.0 through 2.10.0, and IBM Fusion HCI for watsonx 2.8.2 through 2.10.0 uses insecure default configurations that could expose AMQStreams without client authentication that could allow an attacker to perform unauthorized actions.

Advantech WISE-DeviceOn Server versions prior to 5.4 contain a hard-coded cryptographic key vulnerability. The product uses a static HS512 HMAC secret for signing EIRMMToken JWTs across all installations. The server accepts forged JWTs that need only contain a valid email claim, allowing a remote unauthenticated attacker to generate arbitrary tokens and impersonate any DeviceOn account, including the root super admin. Successful exploitation permits full administrative control of the DeviceOn instance and can be leveraged to execute code on managed agents through DeviceOn’s remote management features.

EMC Elastic Cloud Storage (ECS) before 3.1 is affected by an undocumented account vulnerability that could potentially be leveraged by malicious users to compromise the affected system.

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host and Application (VA/SaaS deployments) contain an undocumented 'printerlogic' user with a hardcoded SSH public key in '~/.ssh/authorized_keys' and a sudoers rule granting the printerlogic_ssh group 'NOPASSWD: ALL'. Possession of the matching private key gives an attacker root access to the appliance.

A vulnerability in Cisco Aironet 1830 Series and Cisco Aironet 1850 Series Access Points running Cisco Mobility Express Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to take complete control of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to the existence of default credentials for an affected device that is running Cisco Mobility Express Software, regardless of whether the device is configured as a master, subordinate, or standalone access point. An attacker who has layer 3 connectivity to an affected device could use Secure Shell (SSH) to log in to the device with elevated privileges. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to take complete control of the device. This vulnerability affects Cisco Aironet 1830 Series and Cisco Aironet 1850 Series Access Points that are running an 8.2.x release of Cisco Mobility Express Software prior to Release 8.2.111.0, regardless of whether the device is configured as a master, subordinate, or standalone access point. Release 8.2 was the first release of Cisco Mobility Express Software for next generation Cisco Aironet Access Points. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCva50691.

VITEC Exterity IPTV products through 2021-04-30 allow privilege escalation to root.

A vulnerability in the key-based SSH authentication mechanism of Cisco Policy Suite could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to log in to an affected system as the root user. This vulnerability is due to the re-use of static SSH keys across installations. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by extracting a key from a system under their control. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to log in to an affected system as the root user.

Raspberry Pi OS through 5.10 has the raspberry default password for the pi account. If not changed, attackers can gain administrator privileges.

The HEIDENHAIN Controller TNC 640 NC software Version 340590 07 SP5, is vulnerable to improper authentication in its DNC communication for CNC machines. Authentication is not enabled by default for DNC communication. This vulnerability may allow an attacker to deny service on the production line, steal sensitive data from the production line, and alter any products created by the production line. Note: CNC machines running the TNC 640 controller require DNC to be enabled for DNC communication to be present.

Dpanel is a Docker visualization panel system which provides complete Docker management functions. The Dpanel service contains a hardcoded JWT secret in its default configuration, allowing attackers to generate valid JWT tokens and compromise the host machine. This security flaw allows attackers to analyze the source code, discover the embedded secret, and craft legitimate JWT tokens. By forging these tokens, an attacker can successfully bypass authentication mechanisms, impersonate privileged users, and gain unauthorized administrative access. Consequently, this enables full control over the host machine, potentially leading to severe consequences such as sensitive data exposure, unauthorized command execution, privilege escalation, or further lateral movement within the network environment. This issue is patched in version 1.6.1. A workaround for this vulnerability involves replacing the hardcoded secret with a securely generated value and load it from secure configuration storage.

Gladinet CentreStack through 16.1.10296.56315 (fixed in 16.4.10315.56368) has a deserialization vulnerability due to the CentreStack portal's hardcoded machineKey use, as exploited in the wild in March 2025. This enables threat actors (who know the machineKey) to serialize a payload for server-side deserialization to achieve remote code execution. NOTE: a CentreStack admin can manually delete the machineKey defined in portal\web.config.

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) before Virtual Appliance Host 22.0.843 Application 20.0.1923 allows Hardcoded IdP Key V-2023-006.

The Versa Director software exposes a number of services by default and allow attackers an easy foothold due to default credentials and multiple accounts (most with sudo access) that utilize the same default credentials. By default, Versa director exposes ssh and postgres to the internet, alongside a host of other services. Versa Networks is not aware of any reported instance where this vulnerability was exploited. Proof of concept for this vulnerability has been disclosed by third party security researchers. Workarounds or Mitigation: Versa recommends the following security controls: 1) Change default passwords to complex passwords 2) Passwords must be complex with at least 8 characters that comprise of upper case, and lower case alphabets, as well as at at least one digit, and one special character 3) Passwords must be changed at least every 90 days 4) Password change history is checked to ensure that the at least the last 5 passwords must be used when changing password. 5) Review and audit logs for all authentication attempts to check for unauthorized/suspicious login attempts and enforce remediation steps.

Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of the Cisco Catalyst Passive Optical Network (PON) Series Switches Optical Network Terminal (ONT) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to perform the following actions: Log in with a default credential if the Telnet protocol is enabled Perform command injection Modify the configuration For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.

The Orca HCM digital learning platform uses a weak factory default administrator password, which is hard-coded in the source code of the webpage in plain text, thus remote attackers can obtain administrator’s privilege without logging in.

A condition exists in FlashArray Purity whereby a local account intended for initial array configuration remains active potentially allowing a malicious actor to gain elevated privileges.

A flaw was found in servicemesh-operator. The NetworkPolicy resources installed for Maistra do not properly specify which ports may be accessed, allowing access to all ports on these resources from any pod. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.

Tieline IP Audio Gateway 2.6.4.8 and below is affected by Incorrect Access Control. A vulnerability in the Tieline Web Administrative Interface could allow an unauthenticated user to access a sensitive part of the system with a high privileged account.

Use of hard-coded cryptographic key vulnerability in QSAN Storage Manager allows attackers to obtain users’ credentials and related permissions. Suggest contacting with QSAN and refer to recommendations in QSAN Document.

Kaifa Technology WebITR is an online attendance system, it has a vulnerability in using hard-coded encryption key. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate valid token parameter and exploit this vulnerability to access system with arbitrary user account, including administrator’s account, to execute login account’s permissions, and obtain relevant information.

Lansweeper 6.0.x through 7.2.x has a default installation in which the admin password is configured for the admin account, unless "Built-in admin" is manually unchecked. This allows command execution via the Add New Package and Scheduled Deployments features.

IBM DataPower Gateway 7.6.0.0-7 throug 6.0.14 and 2018.4.1.0 through 2018.4.1.5 have a default administrator account that is enabled if the IPMI LAN channel is enabled. A remote attacker could use this account to gain unauthorised access to the BMC. IBM X-Force ID: 168883.

Zoho ManageEngine DataSecurity Plus prior to 6.0.1 uses default admin credentials to communicate with a DataEngine Xnode server. This allows an attacker to bypass authentication for this server and execute all operations in the context of admin user.

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 22.0.1026 and Application prior to version 20.0.2702 (only VA deployments) expose an unauthenticated firmware-upload flow: a public page returns a signed token usable at va-api/v1/update, and every Docker image contains the appliance’s private GPG key and hard-coded passphrase. An attacker who extracts the key and obtains a token can decrypt, modify, re-sign, upload, and trigger malicious firmware, gaining remote code execution. This vulnerability has been identified by the vendor as: V-2024-020 — Remote Code Execution.

nvOC through 3.2 ships with SSH host keys baked into the installation image, which allows man-in-the-middle attacks and makes identification of all public IPv4 nodes trivial with Shodan.io. NOTE: as of 2019-12-01, the vendor indicated plans to fix this in the next image build.

minerstat msOS before 2019-10-23 does not have a unique SSH key for each instance of the product.

A use of hard-coded cryptographic key in Fortinet FortiSwitch version 7.4.0 and 7.2.0 through 7.2.5 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.7 and 6.4.0 through 6.4.13 and 6.2.0 through 6.2.7 and 6.0.0 through 6.0.7 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted requests.

A vulnerability in the SSH key management for the Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) Mode Switch Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to connect to the affected system with the privileges of the root user. The vulnerability is due to the presence of a default SSH key pair that is present in all devices. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by opening an SSH connection via IPv6 to a targeted device using the extracted key materials. An exploit could allow the attacker to access the system with the privileges of the root user. This vulnerability is only exploitable over IPv6; IPv4 is not vulnerable.

Galaxy Software Services Vitals ESP is vulnerable to using a hard-coded encryption key. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate a valid token parameter and exploit this vulnerability to access system to operate processes and access data. This issue affects Vitals ESP: from 3.0.8 through 6.2.0.

On DTEN D5 and D7 before 1.3.4 devices, factory settings allows for firmware reflash and Android Debug Bridge (adb) enablement.

AMI SPx contains a vulnerability in the BMC where an Attacker may cause a use of hard-coded cryptographic key by a hard-coded certificate. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to a loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. 

PanIndex is a network disk directory index. In Panindex prior to version 3.1.3, a hard-coded JWT key `PanIndex` is used. An attacker can use the hard-coded JWT key to sign JWT token and perform any actions as a user with admin privileges. Version 3.1.3 has a patch for the issue. As a workaround, one may change the JWT key in the source code before compiling the project.

Enterprise Cloud Database developed by Ragic has a Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exploit the fixed key to generate verification information and log into the system as any user.

An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the requestHandlers.js verifyToken functionality of Milesight VPN v2.0.2. A specially-crafted network request can lead to authentication bypass. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.

Vault’s Terraform Provider incorrectly set the default deny_null_bind parameter for the LDAP auth method to false by default, potentially resulting in an insecure configuration. If the underlying LDAP server allowed anonymous or unauthenticated binds, this could result in authentication bypass. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-13357, is fixed in Vault Terraform Provider v5.5.0.

In JetBrains TeamCity before 2022.10.2 jVMTI was enabled by default on agents.

The use of multiple hard-coded cryptographic keys in cSRX Series software in Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker to take control of any instance of a cSRX deployment through device management services. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS on cSRX Series: All versions prior to 20.2R3; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R2; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R2.

Rockwell Automation MicroLogix 1400 Controllers Series B v21.001 and prior, Series A, all versions, MicroLogix 1100 Controller, all versions, RSLogix 500 Software v12.001 and prior, The cryptographic key utilized to help protect the account password is hard coded into the RSLogix 500 binary file. An attacker could identify cryptographic keys and use it for further cryptographic attacks that could ultimately lead to a remote attacker gaining unauthorized access to the controller.

IceCMS v3.4.7 and before was discovered to contain a hardcoded JWT key, allowing an attacker to forge JWT authentication information.

The SD-WAN Orchestrator 3.3.2, 3.4.x, and 4.0.x has default passwords allowing for a Pass-the-Hash Attack. SD-WAN Orchestrator ships with default passwords for predefined accounts which may lead to to a Pass-the-Hash attack.

Multiple Devices are Sharing the Same Secrets for SDKSocket (TCP/5000).This issue affects BLU-IC2: through 1.19.5; BLU-IC4: through 1.19.5.

Use of default credentials for the telnet server in BASETech GE-131 BT-1837836 firmware 20180921 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary system commands as the root user.

Airleader Master <= 6.21 devices have default credentials that can be used to access the exposed Tomcat Manager for deployment of a new .war file, with resultant remote code execution.

This improper access control vulnerability in Helpdesk allows attackers to get control of QNAP Kayako service. Attackers can access the sensitive data on QNAP Kayako server with API keys. We have replaced the API key to mitigate the vulnerability, and already fixed the issue in Helpdesk 3.0.1 and later versions.

Code Dx versions prior to 2023.4.2 are vulnerable to user impersonation attack where a malicious actor is able to gain access to another user's account by crafting a custom "Remember Me" token. This is possible due to the use of a hard-coded cipher which was used when generating the token. A malicious actor who creates this token can supply it to a separate Code Dx system, provided they know the username they want to impersonate, and impersonate the user.  Score 6.7 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

Password reset tokens are generated using an insecure source of randomness. Attackers who know the username of the Journyx installation user can bruteforce the password reset and change the administrator password.

CWE-1188: Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default vulnerability exists that could cause an attacker to execute unauthorized commands when a system’s default password credentials have not been changed on first use. The default username is not displayed correctly in the WebHMI interface.