A certain Red Hat patch for net/ipv4/route.c in the Linux kernel 2.6.18 on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (deadlock) via crafted packets that force collisions in the IPv4 routing hash table, and trigger a routing "emergency" in which a hash chain is too long. NOTE: this is related to an issue in the Linux kernel before 2.6.31, when the kernel routing cache is disabled, involving an uninitialized pointer and a panic.

The nlmclnt_mark_reclaim in clntlock.c in NFS lockd in Linux kernel before 2.6.16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) and deny access to NFS exports via unspecified vectors that trigger a kernel oops (null dereference) and a deadlock.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ocfs2: fix possible deadlock between unlink and dio_end_io_write ocfs2_unlink takes orphan dir inode_lock first and then ip_alloc_sem, while in ocfs2_dio_end_io_write, it acquires these locks in reverse order. This creates an ABBA lock ordering violation on lock classes ocfs2_sysfile_lock_key[ORPHAN_DIR_SYSTEM_INODE] and ocfs2_file_ip_alloc_sem_key. Lock Chain #0 (orphan dir inode_lock -> ip_alloc_sem): ocfs2_unlink ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir ocfs2_lookup_lock_orphan_dir inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) <- lock A __ocfs2_prepare_orphan_dir ocfs2_prepare_dir_for_insert ocfs2_extend_dir ocfs2_expand_inline_dir down_write(&oi->ip_alloc_sem) <- Lock B Lock Chain #1 (ip_alloc_sem -> orphan dir inode_lock): ocfs2_dio_end_io_write down_write(&oi->ip_alloc_sem) <- Lock B ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan() inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) <- Lock A Deadlock Scenario: CPU0 (unlink) CPU1 (dio_end_io_write) ------ ------ inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) down_write(ip_alloc_sem) down_write(ip_alloc_sem) inode_lock(orphan_dir_inode) Since ip_alloc_sem is to protect allocation changes, which is unrelated with operations in ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan. So move ocfs2_del_inode_from_orphan out of ip_alloc_sem to fix the deadlock.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: timers/migration: Fix livelock in tmigr_handle_remote_up() tmigr_handle_remote_cpu() skips timer_expire_remote() when cpu == smp_processor_id(), assuming the local softirq path already handled this CPU's timers. This assumption is wrong because jiffies can advance after the handling of the CPU's global timers in run_timer_base(BASE_GLOBAL) and before tmigr_handle_remote() evaluates the expiry times. As a consequence a timer which expires after the CPU local timer wheel advanced and becomes expired in the remote handling is ignored and the callback is never invoked and removed from the timer wheel. What's worse is that fetch_next_timer_interrupt_remote() keeps reporting it as expired, and the event is re-queued with expires == now on each iteration. The goto-again loop spins indefinitely. Fix this by calling timer_expire_remote() unconditionally. That's minimal overhead for the common case as __run_timer_base() returns immediately if there is nothing to expire in the local wheel. [ tglx: Amend change log and add a comment ]

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: octeontx2-af: Workaround SQM/PSE stalls by disabling sticky NIX SQ manager sticky mode is known to cause stalls when multiple SQs share an SMQ and transmit concurrently. Additionally, PSE may deadlock on transitions between sticky and non-sticky transmissions. There is also a credit drop issue observed when certain condition clocks are gated. work around these hardware errata by: - Disabling SQM sticky operation: - Clear TM6 (bit 15) - Clear TM11 (bit 14) - Disabling sticky → non-sticky transition path that can deadlock PSE: - Clear TM5 (bit 23) - Preventing credit drops by keeping the control-flow clock enabled: - Set TM9 (bit 21) These changes are applied via NIX_AF_SQM_DBG_CTL_STATUS. With this configuration the SQM/PSE maintain forward progress under load without credit loss, at the cost of disabling sticky optimizations.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: ks8851: Reinstate disabling of BHs around IRQ handler If the driver executes ks8851_irq() AND a TX packet has been sent, then the driver enables TX queue via netif_wake_queue() which schedules TX softirq to queue packets for this device. If CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y is set AND a packet has also been received by the MAC, then ks8851_rx_pkts() calls netdev_alloc_skb_ip_align() to allocate SKBs for the received packets. If netdev_alloc_skb_ip_align() is called with BH enabled, then local_bh_enable() at the end of netdev_alloc_skb_ip_align() will trigger the pending softirq processing, which may ultimately call the .xmit callback ks8851_start_xmit_par(). The ks8851_start_xmit_par() will try to lock struct ks8851_net_par .lock spinlock, which is already locked by ks8851_irq() from which ks8851_start_xmit_par() was called. This leads to a deadlock, which is reported by the kernel, including a trace listed below. If CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT is not set, then since commit 0913ec336a6c0 ("net: ks8851: Fix deadlock with the SPI chip variant") the deadlock can also be triggered without received packet in the RX FIFO. The pending softirqs will be processed on return from spin_unlock_bh(&ks->statelock) in ks8851_irq(), which triggers the deadlock as well. Fix the problem by disabling BH around critical sections, including the IRQ handler, thus preventing the net_tx_action() softirq from triggering during these critical sections. The net_tx_action() softirq is triggered once BH are re-enabled and at the end of the IRQ handler, once all the other IRQ handler actions have been completed. __schedule from schedule_rtlock+0x1c/0x34 schedule_rtlock from rtlock_slowlock_locked+0x548/0x904 rtlock_slowlock_locked from rt_spin_lock+0x60/0x9c rt_spin_lock from ks8851_start_xmit_par+0x74/0x1a8 ks8851_start_xmit_par from netdev_start_xmit+0x20/0x44 netdev_start_xmit from dev_hard_start_xmit+0xd0/0x188 dev_hard_start_xmit from sch_direct_xmit+0xb8/0x25c sch_direct_xmit from __qdisc_run+0x1f8/0x4ec __qdisc_run from qdisc_run+0x1c/0x28 qdisc_run from net_tx_action+0x1f0/0x268 net_tx_action from handle_softirqs+0x1a4/0x270 handle_softirqs from __local_bh_enable_ip+0xcc/0xe0 __local_bh_enable_ip from __alloc_skb+0xd8/0x128 __alloc_skb from __netdev_alloc_skb+0x3c/0x19c __netdev_alloc_skb from ks8851_irq+0x388/0x4d4 ks8851_irq from irq_thread_fn+0x24/0x64 irq_thread_fn from irq_thread+0x178/0x28c irq_thread from kthread+0x12c/0x138 kthread from ret_from_fork+0x14/0x28

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mptcp: fix soft lockup in mptcp_recvmsg() syzbot reported a soft lockup in mptcp_recvmsg() [0]. When receiving data with MSG_PEEK | MSG_WAITALL flags, the skb is not removed from the sk_receive_queue. This causes sk_wait_data() to always find available data and never perform actual waiting, leading to a soft lockup. Fix this by adding a 'last' parameter to track the last peeked skb. This allows sk_wait_data() to make informed waiting decisions and prevent infinite loops when MSG_PEEK is used. [0]: watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#2 stuck for 156s! [server:1963] Modules linked in: CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 1963 Comm: server Not tainted 6.19.0-rc8 #61 PREEMPT(none) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:sk_wait_data+0x15/0x190 Code: 80 00 00 00 00 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 41 56 41 55 41 54 49 89 f4 55 48 89 d5 53 48 89 fb <48> 83 ec 30 65 48 8b 05 17 a4 6b 01 48 89 44 24 28 31 c0 65 48 8b RSP: 0018:ffffc90000603ca0 EFLAGS: 00000246 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff888102bf0800 RCX: 0000000000000001 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffc90000603d18 RDI: ffff888102bf0800 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000002 R09: 0000000000000101 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000075 R12: ffffc90000603d18 R13: ffff888102bf0800 R14: ffff888102bf0800 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 00007f6e38b8c4c0(0000) GS:ffff8881b877e000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000055aa7bff1680 CR3: 0000000105cbe000 CR4: 00000000000006f0 Call Trace: <TASK> mptcp_recvmsg+0x547/0x8c0 net/mptcp/protocol.c:2329 inet_recvmsg+0x11f/0x130 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:891 sock_recvmsg+0x94/0xc0 net/socket.c:1100 __sys_recvfrom+0xb2/0x130 net/socket.c:2256 __x64_sys_recvfrom+0x1f/0x30 net/socket.c:2267 do_syscall_64+0x59/0x2d0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:131 RIP: 0033:0x7f6e386a4a1d Code: 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 8d 05 f1 de 2c 00 41 89 ca 8b 00 85 c0 75 20 45 31 c9 45 31 c0 b8 2d 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 6b f3 c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 41 56 41 RSP: 002b:00007ffc3c4bb078 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002d RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000000000000861e RCX: 00007f6e386a4a1d RDX: 00000000000003ff RSI: 00007ffc3c4bb150 RDI: 0000000000000004 RBP: 00007ffc3c4bb570 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000103 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00005605dbc00be0 R13: 00007ffc3c4bb650 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000 </TASK>

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/amd: move wait_on_sem() out of spinlock With iommu.strict=1, the existing completion wait path can cause soft lockups under stressed environment, as wait_on_sem() busy-waits under the spinlock with interrupts disabled. Move the completion wait in iommu_completion_wait() out of the spinlock. wait_on_sem() only polls the hardware-updated cmd_sem and does not require iommu->lock, so holding the lock during the busy wait unnecessarily increases contention and extends the time with interrupts disabled.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/rds: Fix circular locking dependency in rds_tcp_tune syzbot reported a circular locking dependency in rds_tcp_tune() where sk_net_refcnt_upgrade() is called while holding the socket lock: ====================================================== WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected ====================================================== kworker/u10:8/15040 is trying to acquire lock: ffffffff8e9aaf80 (fs_reclaim){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x4b/0x6f0 but task is already holding lock: ffff88805a3c1ce0 (k-sk_lock-AF_INET6){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: rds_tcp_tune+0xd7/0x930 The issue occurs because sk_net_refcnt_upgrade() performs memory allocation (via get_net_track() -> ref_tracker_alloc()) while the socket lock is held, creating a circular dependency with fs_reclaim. Fix this by moving sk_net_refcnt_upgrade() outside the socket lock critical section. This is safe because the fields modified by the sk_net_refcnt_upgrade() call (sk_net_refcnt, ns_tracker) are not accessed by any concurrent code path at this point. v2: - Corrected fixes tag - check patch line wrap nits - ai commentary nits

Jonathan Looney discovered that the TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->tcp_gso_segs value was subject to an integer overflow in the Linux kernel when handling TCP Selective Acknowledgments (SACKs). A remote attacker could use this to cause a denial of service. This has been fixed in stable kernel releases 4.4.182, 4.9.182, 4.14.127, 4.19.52, 5.1.11, and is fixed in commit 3b4929f65b0d8249f19a50245cd88ed1a2f78cff.

A vulnerability exists in kernel/time/clocksource.c in the Linux kernel before 2.6.34 where on non-GENERIC_TIME systems (GENERIC_TIME=n), accessing /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/current_clocksource results in an OOPS.

Integer underflow in the firewall logging rules for iptables in Linux before 2.6.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a malformed IP packet.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ovpn: tcp - fix packet extraction from stream When processing TCP stream data in ovpn_tcp_recv, we receive large cloned skbs from __strp_rcv that may contain multiple coalesced packets. The current implementation has two bugs: 1. Header offset overflow: Using pskb_pull with large offsets on coalesced skbs causes skb->data - skb->head to exceed the u16 storage of skb->network_header. This causes skb_reset_network_header to fail on the inner decapsulated packet, resulting in packet drops. 2. Unaligned protocol headers: Extracting packets from arbitrary positions within the coalesced TCP stream provides no alignment guarantees for the packet data causing performance penalties on architectures without efficient unaligned access. Additionally, openvpn's 2-byte length prefix on TCP packets causes the subsequent 4-byte opcode and packet ID fields to be inherently misaligned. Fix both issues by allocating a new skb for each openvpn packet and using skb_copy_bits to extract only the packet content into the new buffer, skipping the 2-byte length prefix. Also, check the length before invoking the function that performs the allocation to avoid creating an invalid skb. If the packet has to be forwarded to userspace the 2-byte prefix can be pushed to the head safely, without misalignment. As a side effect, this approach also avoids the expensive linearization that pskb_pull triggers on cloned skbs with page fragments. In testing, this resulted in TCP throughput improvements of up to 74%.

Jonathan Looney discovered that the Linux kernel default MSS is hard-coded to 48 bytes. This allows a remote peer to fragment TCP resend queues significantly more than if a larger MSS were enforced. A remote attacker could use this to cause a denial of service. This has been fixed in stable kernel releases 4.4.182, 4.9.182, 4.14.127, 4.19.52, 5.1.11, and is fixed in commits 967c05aee439e6e5d7d805e195b3a20ef5c433d6 and 5f3e2bf008c2221478101ee72f5cb4654b9fc363.

The Linux kernel, versions 3.9+, is vulnerable to a denial of service attack with low rates of specially modified packets targeting IP fragment re-assembly. An attacker may cause a denial of service condition by sending specially crafted IP fragments. Various vulnerabilities in IP fragmentation have been discovered and fixed over the years. The current vulnerability (CVE-2018-5391) became exploitable in the Linux kernel with the increase of the IP fragment reassembly queue size.

Linux kernel versions 4.9+ can be forced to make very expensive calls to tcp_collapse_ofo_queue() and tcp_prune_ofo_queue() for every incoming packet which can lead to a denial of service.

TCP firewalls could be circumvented by sending a SYN Packets with other flags (like e.g. RST flag) set, which was not correctly discarded by the Linux TCP stack after firewalling.

IBM DB2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows (includes DB2 Connect Server) 9.7, 10.1, 10.5, 11.1, and 11.5 could allow an unauthenticated user to send specially crafted packets to cause a denial of service from excessive memory usage.

The icmp6_send function in net/ipv6/icmp.c in the Linux kernel through 4.8.12 omits a certain check of the dst data structure, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (panic) via a fragmented IPv6 packet.

The IP stack in the Linux kernel through 4.8.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (stack consumption and panic) or possibly have unspecified other impact by triggering use of the GRO path for large crafted packets, as demonstrated by packets that contain only VLAN headers, a related issue to CVE-2016-8666.

A flaw was found in the networking subsystem of the Linux kernel within the handling of the RPL protocol. This issue results from the lack of proper handling of user-supplied data, which can lead to an assertion failure. This may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to create a denial of service condition on the system.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: wlcore: Return -ENOMEM instead of -EAGAIN if there is not enough headroom Since upstream commit e75665dd0968 ("wifi: wlcore: ensure skb headroom before skb_push"), wl1271_tx_allocate() and with it wl1271_prepare_tx_frame() returns -EAGAIN if pskb_expand_head() fails. However, in wlcore_tx_work_locked(), a return value of -EAGAIN from wl1271_prepare_tx_frame() is interpreted as the aggregation buffer being full. This causes the code to flush the buffer, put the skb back at the head of the queue, and immediately retry the same skb in a tight while loop. Because wlcore_tx_work_locked() holds wl->mutex, and the retry happens immediately with GFP_ATOMIC, this will result in an infinite loop and a CPU soft lockup. Return -ENOMEM instead so the packet is dropped and the loop terminates. The problem was found by an experimental code review agent based on gemini-3.1-pro while reviewing backports into v6.18.y.

IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7.0.0 through 11.7.1.6 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to insufficient validation of incoming request resources.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: bridge: vlan: fix memory leak in __allowed_ingress When using per-vlan state, if vlan snooping and stats are disabled, untagged or priority-tagged ingress frame will go to check pvid state. If the port state is forwarding and the pvid state is not learning/forwarding, untagged or priority-tagged frame will be dropped but skb memory is not freed. Should free skb when __allowed_ingress returns false.

Some Dahua software products have a vulnerability of unauthenticated restart of remote DSS Server. After bypassing the firewall access control policy, by sending a specific crafted packet to the vulnerable interface, an attacker could unauthenticated restart of remote DSS Server.

The clip_mkip function in net/atm/clip.c of the ATM subsystem in Linux kernel allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (panic) via unknown vectors that cause the ATM subsystem to access the memory of socket buffers after they are freed (freed pointer dereference).

IBM Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows 11.1 and 11.5 may be vulnerable to a Denial of Service when executing a specially crafted 'Load' command. IBM X-Force ID: 241676.

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's NFS implementation, all versions 3.x and all versions 4.x up to 4.20. An attacker, who is able to mount an exported NFS filesystem, is able to trigger a null pointer dereference by using an invalid NFS sequence. This can panic the machine and deny access to the NFS server. Any outstanding disk writes to the NFS server will be lost.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: mana: Skip redundant detach on already-detached port When mana_per_port_queue_reset_work_handler() runs after a previous detach succeeded but attach failed, the port is left in a detached state with apc->tx_qp and apc->rxqs already freed. Calling mana_detach() again unconditionally leads to NULL pointer dereferences during queue teardown. Add an early exit in mana_detach() when the port is already in detached state (!netif_device_present) for non-close callers, making it safe to call idempotently. This allows the queue reset handler and other recovery paths to simply retry mana_attach() without redundant teardown.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme-pci: fix dma_vecs leak on p2p memory We don't unmap P2P memory, so we don't need to track it. The dma_vec allocation was getting leaked on the completion.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: ioam: add NULL check for idev in ipv6_hop_ioam() Reported by Sashiko: The function ipv6_hop_ioam() accesses __in6_dev_get(skb->dev)->cnf.ioam6_enabled without validating the returned idev pointer. Because addrconf_ifdown() can concurrently clear dev->ip6_ptr via RCU, __in6_dev_get() can return NULL during interface teardown, which could cause a NULL pointer dereference when processing an IOAM Hop-by-Hop option. Let's add a check and use SKB_DROP_REASON_IPV6DISABLED accordingly.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: pds_core: fix error handling in pdsc_devcmd_wait Fix two cases where pdsc_devcmd_wait() returns stale success from the completion register instead of an error: 1. FW crash: If firmware stops running, the wait loop breaks early with running=false. The condition "if ((!done || timeout) && running)" is false, so error handling is bypassed and stale status is returned. Check !running first and return -ENXIO. 2. Timeout: If a command times out, err is set to -ETIMEDOUT but then overwritten by pdsc_err_to_errno(status) which reads stale status. Return -ETIMEDOUT immediately after cleaning up. Both errors now propagate to pdsc_devcmd_locked() which queues health_work for recovery.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: iwlwifi: mld: stop TX during firmware restart When iwlwifi firmware crashes (e.g., NMI_INTERRUPT_UNKNOWN on Intel BE201/Wi-Fi 7), iwl_mld_nic_error() sets mld->fw_status.in_hw_restart to true. However, iwl_mld_tx_from_txq() does not check this flag before dequeuing frames from mac80211 and pushing them to the transport layer. Since the firmware is dead, iwl_trans_tx() returns -EIO for each frame, which then gets freed immediately. Under high-throughput conditions (e.g., Tailscale UDP traffic or active SSH sessions), this creates a tight dequeue-send-fail-free loop that wastes CPU cycles and generates rapid skb allocation churn, leading to memory pressure from slab fragmentation. The RX path already has this guard (iwl_mld_rx_mpdu checks in_hw_restart at rx.c:1906), and so does the TXQ allocation worker (iwl_mld_add_txqs_wk at tx.c:156). Add the same guard to iwl_mld_tx_from_txq() to stop all TX during firmware restart. Frames left in mac80211's TXQs are naturally drained after restart completes, when queue reallocation triggers iwl_mld_tx_from_txq() via iwl_mld_add_txq_list(), or when new upper-layer traffic invokes wake_tx_queue. Tested on ASUS Zenbook 14 UX3405CA with Intel BE201 (Wi-Fi 7) on kernel 6.19.5 where the firmware crashes approximately every 10-15 minutes under Tailscale traffic.

The tcp_cwnd_reduction function in net/ipv4/tcp_input.c in the Linux kernel before 4.3.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (divide-by-zero error and system crash) via crafted TCP traffic.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: reject non-VALID session in compound request branch smb2_check_user_session() takes a shortcut for any operation that is not the first in a COMPOUND request: it reuses work->sess (the session bound by the first operation) and validates only the SessionId, then returns "valid". It never re-checks work->sess->state == SMB2_SESSION_VALID, and a SessionId of 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF (ULLONG_MAX, the MS-SMB2 related-operation value) skips even the id comparison. The standalone path (ksmbd_session_lookup_all() plus the SESSION_SETUP state machine) does enforce the VALID state; the compound branch bypasses all of it. A SESSION_SETUP carrying only an NTLM Type-1 (NtLmNegotiate) blob publishes a fresh SMB2_SESSION_IN_PROGRESS session whose sess->user is still NULL (->user is assigned later, by ntlm_authenticate()). Used as operation 1 of a COMPOUND with operation 2 = TREE_CONNECT (related, SessionId=ULLONG_MAX, \\host\IPC$), the tree-connect then runs on that IN_PROGRESS session and reaches ksmbd_ipc_tree_connect_request(), which dereferences user_name(sess->user) with sess->user == NULL (transport_ipc.c:687/701/704) -> remote NULL-pointer dereference and a kernel Oops that wedges the ksmbd worker for all clients. Reject any non-first compound operation that lands on a session which is not SMB2_SESSION_VALID, mirroring the validity the standalone lookup path enforces. SESSION_SETUP itself legitimately runs on an IN_PROGRESS session, but it is never carried as a non-first compound operation, so multi-leg authentication is unaffected by this check.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFSv4/pNFS: reject zero-length r_addr in nfs4_decode_mp_ds_addr nfs4_decode_mp_ds_addr() decodes the r_netid and r_addr opaques of a netaddr4 from a GETDEVICEINFO multipath-DS body, then immediately calls strrchr(buf, '.') to locate the port separator. Both decodes use xdr_stream_decode_string_dup(), and the current code checks only "nlen < 0" / "rlen < 0" before dereferencing the returned string. When the on-wire opaque has length zero, xdr_stream_decode_opaque_inline() returns 0 and xdr_stream_decode_string_dup() falls through to its "*str = NULL; return ret" tail, leaving buf NULL with a return value of 0. The "< 0" check does not catch this, and the next line is strrchr(NULL, '.'), a kernel NULL pointer dereference reachable from any pNFS-flexfile client mounted against a malicious or compromised metadata server. Reject the zero-length cases explicitly so the decoder fails with -EBADMSG (treated as a malformed GETDEVICEINFO body) instead of panicking the client.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFSv4/flexfiles: reject zero filehandle version count ff_layout_alloc_lseg() decodes the filehandle-version array count from the flexfiles layout body. The value is used as the count for kzalloc_objs(), and the current code only rejects NULL. A zero count yields ZERO_SIZE_PTR, which can be stored in dss_info->fh_versions even though later flexfiles paths assume that at least one filehandle version exists. Reject fh_count == 0 before the allocation, matching the existing zero version_count validation in the flexfiles GETDEVICEINFO parser. A QEMU/KASAN run with a malformed flexfiles layout hit: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000010-0x0000000000000017] RIP: 0010:ff_layout_encode_ff_layoutupdate.isra.0+0x15f/0x750 ff_layout_encode_layoutreturn+0x683/0x970 nfs4_xdr_enc_layoutreturn+0x278/0x3a0 Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception The patched kernel rejects the malformed layout without KASAN/oops/panic, and a valid fh_count=1 regression still opens, reads, and unmounts cleanly.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfsd: avoid leaking pre-allocated openowner on unconfirmed retry race When find_or_alloc_open_stateowner() encounters an unconfirmed owner, it calls release_openowner() and sets oo = NULL. Control then falls through past the `if (oo)` guard -- which would have freed any pre-allocated `new` -- and unconditionally executes `new = alloc_stateowner(...)`. If `new` was already allocated on a prior iteration, the pointer is silently overwritten and the previous allocation (slab object + owner name buffer) is leaked. This requires a race: two NFSv4.0 OPEN threads with the same owner string, where a concurrent thread inserts a new unconfirmed owner into the hash between retry iterations. The window is narrow but repeatable under adversarial conditions. Fix by adding `goto retry` after `oo = NULL` so the already-allocated `new` is reused on the next iteration rather than overwritten.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfsd: fix dead ACL conflict guard in nfsd4_create nfsd4_create() steals create->cr_dpacl/cr_pacl into the local nfsd_attrs via the designated initializer, then immediately sets the source pointers to NULL. The subsequent conflict guard tests the already-nilled source fields, making it permanently dead code: if (create->cr_acl) { if (create->cr_dpacl || create->cr_pacl) /* always false */ When a client encodes both FATTR4_WORD0_ACL and FATTR4_WORD2_POSIX_{DEFAULT,ACCESS}_ACL in the same CREATE fattr bitmap, nfsd4_acl_to_attr() overwrites attrs.na_pacl/na_dpacl without releasing the originals, leaking two posix_acl slab objects per request. Repeated requests cause unbounded slab exhaustion. Fix by checking attrs.na_dpacl/na_pacl (the stolen values) instead of the nilled create->cr_dpacl/cr_pacl, matching the correct pattern already used in nfsd4_setattr().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nfsd: fix posix_acl leak on SETACL decode failure nfsaclsvc_decode_setaclargs() and nfs3svc_decode_setaclargs() each call nfs_stream_decode_acl() twice, first for NFS_ACL and then for NFS_DFACL. Each successful call transfers ownership of a freshly allocated posix_acl into argp->acl_access or argp->acl_default. If the first call succeeds but the second fails, the decoder returns false and argp->acl_access is left dangling. ACLPROC2_SETACL.pc_release was wired to nfssvc_release_attrstat and ACLPROC3_SETACL.pc_release was wired to nfs3svc_release_fhandle. Both only call fh_put() and have no knowledge of the ACL fields on argp. The posix_acl_release() pairs sat at the out: labels inside nfsacld_proc_setacl() and nfsd3_proc_setacl(), but svc_process() skips pc_func when pc_decode returns false, so that cleanup is unreachable on decode failure: svc_process_common() pc_decode() /* decode_setaclargs: false */ /* pc_func skipped */ pc_release() /* fh_put only -- ACLs leaked */ The orphaned posix_acl is leaked for the lifetime of the server. Fix by adding nfsaclsvc_release_setacl() and nfs3svc_release_setacl(), which release both argp->acl_access and argp->acl_default in addition to fh_put(), and wiring them as pc_release for their respective SETACL procedures. pc_release runs on every path svc_process() takes after decode, including decode failure, so the posix_acl_release() pairs are removed from the proc functions' out: labels to keep ownership in one place. This matches the existing release_getacl() pattern used by the sibling GETACL procedures.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: esp: fix page frag reference leak on skb_to_sgvec failure In esp_output_tail(), when esp->inplace is false, the old skb page frags are replaced with a new page from the xfrm page_frag cache. The source scatterlist (sg) is built from the old frags before the replacement, and esp_ssg_unref() is responsible for releasing the old page references after the crypto operation completes. However, if the second skb_to_sgvec() call (which builds the destination scatterlist from the new page) fails, the code jumps to error_free which only calls kfree(tmp). The old page frag references captured in the source scatterlist are never released: 1. sg[] is built from old frags via skb_to_sgvec() (no extra get_page) 2. nr_frags is set to 1 and frag[0] is replaced with the new page 3. Second skb_to_sgvec() fails -> goto error_free 4. kfree(tmp) frees the sg[] memory but old frags are not unref'd 5. kfree_skb() only releases frag[0] (the new page), not the old ones Fix this by adding a bool parameter to esp_ssg_unref() that, when true, unconditionally unrefs the source scatterlist frags without checking req->src and req->dst, since those fields are not yet initialized by aead_request_set_crypt() at the point of the error. Existing callers pass false to preserve the original behavior. The same issue exists in both esp4 and esp6 as the code is identical.

CAI Content Credentials versions c2pa-web@0.7.1, c2pa-v0.80.1 and earlier are affected by an Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to crash the application, leading to a denial-of-service condition. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/vmalloc: do not trigger BUG() on BH disabled context __get_vm_area_node() currently triggers a BUG() if in_interrupt() returns true. However, in_interrupt() also reports true when BH are disabled. The bridge code can call rhashtable_lookup_insert_fast() with bottom halves disabled: __vlan_add() -> br_fdb_add_local() spin_lock_bh(&br->hash_lock); <-- Disable BH -> fdb_add_local() -> fdb_create() -> rhashtable_lookup_insert_fast() -> kvmalloc() -> vmalloc() -> __get_vm_area_node() -> BUG_ON(in_interrupt()) spin_unlock_bh(&br->hash_lock) this triggers the BUG() despite the caller not being in NMI or hard IRQ context. Replace the in_interrupt() check with in_nmi() || in_hardirq().

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: fix possible infinite loop in fib6_select_path() Found while auditing the same pattern Sashiko reported in rt6_fill_node() [1]. Apply the same fix as commit f8d8ce1b515a ("ipv6: fix possible infinite loop in fib6_info_uses_dev()"). Writers holding tb6_lock can list_del_rcu(&first->fib6_siblings) without waiting for RCU readers; first->fib6_siblings.next then still points into the old ring and this softirq-side walker never reaches &first->fib6_siblings as its terminator. fib6_purge_rt() always WRITE_ONCE()s first->fib6_nsiblings to 0 before list_del_rcu(), so an inside-loop check is a reliable detach signal. [1] https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260526020227.4857-1-jiayuan.chen%40linux.dev

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/handshake: Use spin_lock_bh for hn_lock nvmet_tcp_state_change(), a socket callback that runs in BH context, can reach handshake_req_cancel() via nvmet_tcp_schedule_release_queue() and tls_handshake_cancel(). handshake_req_cancel() acquires hn->hn_lock with plain spin_lock(). If a process-context thread on the same CPU holds hn->hn_lock when a softirq invokes the cancel path, the lock attempt deadlocks. This is the only caller that invokes tls_handshake_cancel() from BH context; every other consumer calls it from process context. Deferring the cancel to process context in the NVMe target is not straightforward: nvmet_tcp_schedule_release_queue() must call tls_handshake_cancel() atomically with its state transition to DISCONNECTING. If the cancel were deferred, the handshake completion callback could fire in the window before the cancel runs, observe the unexpected state, and return without dropping its kref on the queue. Reworking that interlock is considerably more invasive than hardening the handshake lock. Convert all hn->hn_lock acquisitions from spin_lock/spin_unlock to spin_lock_bh/spin_unlock_bh so the lock is never taken with softirqs enabled.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: core: Run queues for all non-SDEV_DEL devices from scsi_run_host_queues While a SCSI host is in a recovery state, scsi_mq_requeue_cmd() will not set the requeue list for a requeued command to be kicked in the future. The expectation is a call to scsi_run_host_queues() will kick all SCSI devices once the recovery state is cleared. However, scsi_run_host_queues() uses shost_for_each_device() which uses scsi_device_get() and so will ignore devices in a partially removed state like SDEV_CANCEL. But these devices may also have requeued requests, leaving their requests stuck from not being kicked and causing the removal process of the device to hang. scsi_run_host_queues() needs to run against more devices than the macro shost_for_each_device() allows. Instead of using the too limiting scsi_device_get() state checks, only ignore devices in SDEV_DEL state or when unable to acquire a reference. Attempt to run the queues for all other devices when scsi_run_host_queues() is called.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/smc: reject CHID-0 ACCEPT that matches an empty ism_dev slot On the SMC-D client, slot 0 of ini->ism_dev[]/ini->ism_chid[] is reserved for an SMC-Dv1 device. smc_find_ism_v2_device_clnt() populates V2 entries starting at index 1, so when no V1 device is selected slot 0 is left in its kzalloc()'ed state with ism_dev[0] == NULL and ism_chid[0] == 0. smc_v2_determine_accepted_chid() then matches the peer's CHID against the array starting from index 0 using the CHID alone. A malicious peer replying to a SMC-Dv2-only proposal with d1.chid == 0 matches the empty slot, ini->ism_selected becomes 0, and the subsequent ism_dev[0]->lgr_lock dereference in smc_conn_create() faults at offsetof(struct smcd_dev, lgr_lock) == 0x68: BUG: KASAN: null-ptr-deref in _raw_spin_lock_bh+0x79/0xe0 Write of size 4 at addr 0000000000000068 by task exploit/144 Call Trace: _raw_spin_lock_bh smc_conn_create (net/smc/smc_core.c:1997) __smc_connect (net/smc/af_smc.c:1447) smc_connect (net/smc/af_smc.c:1720) __sys_connect __x64_sys_connect do_syscall_64 Require ism_dev[i] to be non-NULL before accepting a CHID match.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: fix null pointer dereference in proc_show_files() When a SMB2 client opens a file with a durable v2 handle and then issues SMB2 SESSION_LOGOFF, session_fd_check() clears fp->tcon = NULL on the reconnectable file pointer but leaves the fp registered in global_ft.idr until the durable scavenger fires (up to fp->durable_timeout seconds later). During that window any read of /proc/fs/ksmbd/files (mode 0400) panics the kernel because proc_show_files() walks global_ft.idr and unconditionally dereferences fp->tcon->id with no NULL guard. Reproducer requires only a successful SMB2 SESSION_SETUP and a share configured with 'durable handles = yes'. KASAN report on mainline 70390501d194: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000000: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000007] RIP: 0010:proc_show_files+0x118/0x740 Call Trace: proc_show_files+0x118/0x740 seq_read_iter+0x4ef/0xe10 proc_reg_read_iter+0x1b7/0x280 ... Guard the dereference. A durable-disconnected fp legitimately has no tcon; report its tree id as 0 rather than oopsing.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ksmbd: fix null pointer dereference in compare_guid_key() session_fd_check() walks the per-inode m_op_list during durable-handle session teardown and sets op->conn = NULL for every opinfo whose conn matched the closing session's connection. The matching opinfo, however, stays linked in its per-ClientGuid lease_table_list entry's lb->lease_list because destroy_lease_table() only runs on full TCP-connection teardown, not on SESSION_LOGOFF. If the same TCP connection then negotiates a fresh session with the same ClientGuid (ClientGuid is bound to NEGOTIATE, not the session, and is unchanged across LOGOFF + SETUP) and issues a SMB2 CREATE with a lease context on a different inode, find_same_lease_key() walks lb->lease_list, reaches the stale opinfo, and calls compare_guid_key(), which unconditionally dereferences opinfo->conn->ClientGUID. The conn pointer is NULL and the kernel panics. Reproducer requires only a successful SMB2 SESSION_SETUP and a share configured with 'durable handles = yes'. KASAN report on mainline 70390501d194: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000069: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN PTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000348-0x000000000000034f] Workqueue: ksmbd-io handle_ksmbd_work RIP: 0010:bcmp+0x5b/0x230 Call Trace: compare_guid_key+0x4b/0xd0 find_same_lease_key+0x324/0x690 smb2_open+0x6aea/0x8e60 handle_ksmbd_work+0x796/0xee0 ... Faulting address 0x348 is the offset of ClientGUID within struct ksmbd_conn, confirming opinfo->conn was NULL. Read opinfo->conn once and bail out if it has been cleared by a concurrent session_fd_check(). A half-detached opinfo cannot be the owner of an active lease, so returning 0 is the correct match result.

Loop with unreachable exit condition ('infinite loop') in .NET, .NET Framework, Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.