cmark-gfm is an extended version of the C reference implementation of CommonMark, a rationalized version of Markdown syntax with a spec. Three polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. These vulnerabilities have been patched in 0.29.0.gfm.12.

cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. A polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. This CVE covers quadratic complexity issues when parsing text which leads with either large numbers of `_` characters. This issue has been addressed in version 0.29.0.gfm.10. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should validate that their input comes from trusted sources. ### Impact A polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. ### Proof of concept ``` $ ~/cmark-gfm$ python3 -c 'pad = "_" * 100000; print(pad + "." + pad, end="")' | time ./build/src/cmark-gfm --to plaintext ``` Increasing the number 10000 in the above commands causes the running time to increase quadratically. ### Patches This vulnerability have been patched in 0.29.0.gfm.10. ### Note on cmark and cmark-gfm XXX: TBD [cmark-gfm](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm) is a fork of [cmark](https://github.com/commonmark/cmark) that adds the GitHub Flavored Markdown extensions. The two codebases have diverged over time, but share a common core. These bugs affect both `cmark` and `cmark-gfm`. ### Credit We would like to thank @gravypod for reporting this vulnerability. ### References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_complexity ### For more information If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in [github/cmark-gfm](https://github.com/github/cmark-gfm)

cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. A polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. This CVE covers quadratic complexity issues when parsing text which leads with either large numbers of `>` or `-` characters. This issue has been addressed in version 0.29.0.gfm.10. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should validate that their input comes from trusted sources.

cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to several polynomial time complexity issues in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Various commands, when piped to cmark-gfm with large values, cause the running time to increase quadratically. These vulnerabilities have been patched in version 0.29.0.gfm.7.

cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 are subject to a polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. This vulnerability has been patched in 0.29.0.gfm.7.

cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. Versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.7 contain a polynomial time complexity issue in handle_close_bracket that may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. This vulnerability has been patched in 0.29.0.gfm.7.

cmark-gfm is GitHub's fork of cmark, a CommonMark parsing and rendering library and program in C. In versions prior to 0.29.0.gfm.6 a polynomial time complexity issue in cmark-gfm's autolink extension may lead to unbounded resource exhaustion and subsequent denial of service. Users may verify the patch by running `python3 -c 'print("![l"* 100000 + "\n")' | ./cmark-gfm -e autolink`, which will resource exhaust on unpatched cmark-gfm but render correctly on patched cmark-gfm. This vulnerability has been patched in 0.29.0.gfm.6. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should disable the use of the autolink extension.

Bitcoin Core before 25.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (blocktxn message-handling assertion and node exit) by including transactions in a blocktxn message that are not committed to in a block's merkle root. FillBlock can be called twice for one PartiallyDownloadedBlock instance.

Pure-FTPd 1.0.48 allows remote attackers to prevent legitimate server use by making enough connections to exceed the connection limit.

An issue was discovered in Xen XAPI before 2020-12-15. Certain xenstore keys provide feedback from the guest, and are therefore watched by toolstack. Specifically, keys are watched by xenopsd, and data are forwarded via RPC through message-switch to xapi. The watching logic in xenopsd sends one RPC update containing all data, any time any single xenstore key is updated, and therefore has O(N^2) time complexity. Furthermore, message-switch retains recent (currently 128) RPC messages for diagnostic purposes, yielding O(M*N) space complexity. The quantity of memory a single guest can monopolise is bounded by xenstored quota, but the quota is fairly large. It is believed to be in excess of 1G per malicious guest. In practice, this manifests as a host denial of service, either through message-switch thrashing against swap, or OOMing entirely, depending on dom0's configuration. (There are no quotas in xenopsd to limit the quantity of keys that result in RPC traffic.) A buggy or malicious guest can cause unreasonable memory usage in dom0, resulting in a host denial of service. All versions of XAPI are vulnerable. Systems that are not using the XAPI toolstack are not vulnerable.

A denial of service vulnerability was identified in GitLab CE/EE, affecting all versions from 15.11 prior to 16.6.7, 16.7 prior to 16.7.5 and 16.8 prior to 16.8.2 which allows an attacker to spike the GitLab instance resource usage resulting in service degradation.

Shibboleth Identify Provider 3.x before 3.4.6 has a denial of service flaw. A remote unauthenticated attacker can cause a login flow to trigger Java heap exhaustion due to the creation of objects in the Java Servlet container session.

Affected devices contain a vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to trigger a denial of service condition. The vulnerability can be triggered if a large amount of DCP reset packets are sent to the device.

A regression was introduced in the Red Hat build of python-eventlet due to a change in the patch application strategy, resulting in a patch for CVE-2021-21419 not being applied for all builds of all products.

HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise 1.12.0 and newer are vulnerable to a denial of service through memory exhaustion of the host when handling large unauthenticated and authenticated HTTP requests from a client. Vault will attempt to map the request to memory, resulting in the exhaustion of available memory on the host, which may cause Vault to crash. Fixed in Vault 1.15.4, 1.14.8, 1.13.12.

In Wireshark 3.2.0 to 3.2.7, the GQUIC dissector could crash. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-gquic.c by correcting the implementation of offset advancement.

Hasura GraphQL 1.3.3 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to overwhelm the service by crafting malicious GraphQL queries with excessive nested fields. Attackers can send repeated requests with extremely long query strings and multiple threads to consume server resources and potentially crash the GraphQL endpoint.

AWebServer GhostBuilding 18 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows remote attackers to overwhelm the server by sending multiple concurrent HTTP requests. Attackers can generate high-volume requests to multiple endpoints including /mysqladmin to potentially crash or render the service unresponsive.

Nsauditor 3.2.2.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by overwriting the Event Description field with a large buffer. Attackers can generate a 10,000-character 'U' buffer and paste it into the Event Description field to trigger an application crash.

GeoGebra Graphing Calculator 6.0.631.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by inputting an oversized buffer. Attackers can generate a payload of 8000 repeated characters to overwhelm the input field and cause the application to become unresponsive.

IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty 18.0.0.2 through 25.0.0.8 is vulnerable to a denial of service, caused by sending a specially-crafted request. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause the server to consume memory resources.

ProFTPD 1.3.7a contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to overwhelm the server by creating multiple simultaneous FTP connections. Attackers can repeatedly establish connections using threading to exhaust server connection limits and block legitimate user access.

SmartFTP Client 10.0.2909.0 contains multiple denial of service vulnerabilities that allow attackers to crash the application through specific input manipulation. Attackers can trigger crashes by entering malformed paths, using invalid IP addresses, or clearing connection history in the client's interface.

Telegram Desktop 2.9.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by sending an oversized message payload. Attackers can generate a 9 million byte buffer and paste it into the messaging interface to trigger an application crash.

AgataSoft PingMaster Pro 2.1 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the Trace Route feature that allows attackers to crash the application by overflowing the host name input field. Attackers can generate a 10,000-character buffer and paste it into the host name field to trigger an application crash and potential system instability.

GeoGebra Classic 5.0.631.0-d contains a denial of service vulnerability in the input field that allows attackers to crash the application by sending oversized buffer content. Attackers can generate a large buffer of 800,000 repeated characters and paste it into the 'Entrada:' input field to trigger an application crash.

Managed Switch Port Mapping Tool 2.85.2 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by creating an oversized buffer. Attackers can generate a 10,000-character buffer and paste it into the IP Address and SNMP Community Name fields to trigger the application crash.

Cyberfox Web Browser 52.9.1 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows attackers to crash the application by overflowing the search bar with excessive data. Attackers can generate a 9,000,000 byte payload and paste it into the search bar to trigger an application crash.

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.7 before 18.7.4, and 18.8 before 18.8.4 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause denial of service through CPU exhaustion by submitting specially crafted markdown files that trigger exponential processing in markdown preview.

An issue was discovered in the ckb crate before 0.40.0 for Rust. Remote attackers may be able to conduct a 51% attack against the Nervos CKB blockchain by triggering an inability to allocate memory for the misbehavior HashMap.

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.5.1, a malicious server can crash the FreeRDP client by sending invalid huge allocation size. Version 3.5.1 contains a patch for the issue. No known workarounds are available.

A flaw was found in Undertow. When an AJP request is sent that exceeds the max-header-size attribute in ajp-listener, JBoss EAP is marked in an error state by mod_cluster in httpd, causing JBoss EAP to close the TCP connection without returning an AJP response. This happens because mod_proxy_cluster marks the JBoss EAP instance as an error worker when the TCP connection is closed from the backend after sending the AJP request without receiving an AJP response, and stops forwarding. This issue could allow a malicious user could to repeatedly send requests that exceed the max-header-size, causing a Denial of Service (DoS).

Connections received from the proxy port may not count towards total accepted connections, resulting in server crashes if the total number of connections exceeds available resources. This only applies to connections accepted from the proxy port, pending the proxy protocol header.

jackson-databind 2.10.x through 2.12.x before 2.12.6 and 2.13.x before 2.13.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (2 GB transient heap usage per read) in uncommon situations involving JsonNode JDK serialization.

Complex queries can cause excessive memory usage in MongoDB Query Planner resulting in an Out-Of-Memory Crash.

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 8.0 before 18.6.6, 18.7 before 18.7.4, and 18.8 before 18.8.4 that, under certain conditions could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause denial of service by uploading malicious files.

A specially-crafted file can cause libjxl's decoder to write pixel data to uninitialized unallocated memory. Soon after that data from another uninitialized unallocated region is copied to pixel data. This can be done by requesting color transformation of grayscale images to another grayscale color space. Buffers allocated for 1-float-per-pixel are used as if they are allocated for 3-float-per-pixel. That happens only if LCMS2 is used as CMS engine. There is another CMS engine available (selected by build flags).

An issue was discovered in FIS GT.M through V7.0-000 (related to the YottaDB code base). Using crafted input, an attacker can control the size of a memset that occurs in calls to util_format in sr_unix/util_output.c.

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting versions from 18.9 before 18.9.1 that could have under certain conditions, allowed an unauthenticated user to cause denial of service by sending specially crafted requests to a CI jobs API endpoint.

Inserting certain large documents into a replica set could lead to replica set secondaries not being able to fetch the oplog from the primary. This could stall replication inside the replica set leading to server crash.

In OpenDDS through 3.27, there is a segmentation fault for a DataWriter with a large value of resource_limits.max_samples. NOTE: the vendor's position is that the product is not designed to handle a max_samples value that is too large for the amount of memory on the system.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the HDF5 weight loading component in Google Keras 3.0.0 through 3.13.0 on all platforms allows a remote attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) through memory exhaustion and a crash of the Python interpreter via a crafted .keras archive containing a valid model.weights.h5 file whose dataset declares an extremely large shape.

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 12.3 before 18.6.4, 18.7 before 18.7.2, and 18.8 before 18.8.2 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to create a denial of service condition by sending repeated malformed SSH authentication requests.

Etherpad < 1.8.3 is affected by a missing lock check which could cause a denial of service. Aggressively targeting random pad import endpoints with empty data would flatten all pads due to lack of rate limiting and missing ownership check.

IBM i 7.6 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service using failed authentication connections due to improper allocation of resources.

Mattermost fails to enforce a limit for the size of the cache entry for OpenGraph data allowing an attacker to send a specially crafted request to the /api/v4/opengraph filling the cache and turning the server unavailable.

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 14.4 before 18.7.5, 18.8 before 18.8.5, and 18.9 before 18.9.1 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause Denial of Service by sending specially crafted requests to the Jira events endpoint.