A vulnerability in the Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) feature of Cisco NX-OS Software for Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches and Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause the IS-IS process to unexpectedly restart, which could cause an affected device to reload. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when parsing an ingress IS-IS packet. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted IS-IS packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the unexpected restart of the IS-IS process, which could cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. Note: The IS-IS protocol is a routing protocol. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must be Layer 2-adjacent to the affected device.

Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. In versions of astro before 5.13.2 and 4.16.18, the image optimization endpoint in projects deployed with on-demand rendering allows images from unauthorized third-party domains to be served. On-demand rendered sites built with Astro include an /_image endpoint which returns optimized versions of images. A bug in impacted versions of astro allows an attacker to bypass the third-party domain restrictions by using a protocol-relative URL as the image source, e.g. /_image?href=//example.com/image.png. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.13.2 and 4.16.18.

uv is a Python package and project manager written in Rust. In versions 0.8.5 and earlier, remote ZIP archives were handled in a streamwise fashion, and file entries were not reconciled against the archive's central directory. An attacker could contrive a ZIP archive that would extract with legitimate contents on some package installers, and malicious contents on others due to multiple local file entries. An attacker could also contrive a "stacked" ZIP input with multiple internal ZIPs, which would be handled differently by different package installers. The attacker could choose which installer to target in both scenarios. This issue is fixed in version 0.8.6. To work around this issue, users may choose to set UV_INSECURE_NO_ZIP_VALIDATION=1 to revert to the previous behavior.

IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0 and WebSphere Application Server Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 25.0.0.7 could allow a remote attacker to bypass security restrictions caused by a failure to honor security configuration.

An issue was discovered in Akamai Ghost, as used for the Akamai CDN platform before 2025-03-26. Under certain circumstances, a client making an HTTP/1.x OPTIONS request with an "Expect: 100-continue" header, and using obsolete line folding, can lead to a discrepancy in how two in-path Akamai servers interpret the request, allowing an attacker to smuggle a second request in the original request body.

EspoCRM is a web application with a frontend designed as a single-page application and a REST API backend written in PHP. In versions 9.1.6 and below, if a user loads Espo in the browser with double slashes (e.g https://domain//#Admin) and the webserver does not strip the double slash, it can cause a corrupted Slim router's cache. This will make the instance unusable until there is a completed rebuild. This is fixed in version 9.1.7.

Dell Avamar, versions prior to 19.12 with patch 338905, excluding version 19.10SP1 with patch 338904, contains a Trusting HTTP Permission Methods on the Server-Side vulnerability in Security. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Information exposure.

GitProxy is an application that stands between developers and a Git remote endpoint (e.g., github.com). In versions 1.19.1 and below, an attacker can craft a malicious Git packfile to exploit the PACK signature detection in the parsePush.ts file. By embedding a misleading PACK signature within commit content and carefully constructing the packet structure, the attacker can trick the parser into treating invalid or unintended data as the packfile. Potentially, this would allow bypassing approval or hiding commits. This issue is fixed in version 1.19.2.

The curve25519-dalek crate before 4.1.3 for Rust has a constant-time operation on elliptic curve scalars that is removed by LLVM.

AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to version 3.12.14, the Python parser is vulnerable to a request smuggling vulnerability due to not parsing trailer sections of an HTTP request. If a pure Python version of aiohttp is installed (i.e. without the usual C extensions) or AIOHTTP_NO_EXTENSIONS is enabled, then an attacker may be able to execute a request smuggling attack to bypass certain firewalls or proxy protections. Version 3.12.14 contains a patch for this issue.

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.20.1, cpp-httplib does not have a limit for a unique line, permitting an attacker to explore this to allocate memory arbitrarily. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.20.1. NOTE: This vulnerability is related to CVE-2025-53629.

Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. When reading a config value, Git strips any trailing carriage return and line feed (CRLF). When writing a config entry, values with a trailing CR are not quoted, causing the CR to be lost when the config is later read. When initializing a submodule, if the submodule path contains a trailing CR, the altered path is read resulting in the submodule being checked out to an incorrect location. If a symlink exists that points the altered path to the submodule hooks directory, and the submodule contains an executable post-checkout hook, the script may be unintentionally executed after checkout. This vulnerability is fixed in v2.43.7, v2.44.4, v2.45.4, v2.46.4, v2.47.3, v2.48.2, v2.49.1, and v2.50.1.

Processor optimization removal or modification of security-critical code in Windows Secure Kernel Mode allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Processor optimization removal or modification of security-critical code in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Processor optimization removal or modification of security-critical code in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.

Mbed TLS before 3.6.4 has a race condition in AESNI detection if certain compiler optimizations occur. An attacker may be able to extract an AES key from a multithreaded program, or perform a GCM forgery.

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From versions 15.0.4-canary.51 to before 15.1.8, a cache poisoning bug leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition was found in Next.js. This issue does not impact customers hosted on Vercel. Under certain conditions, this issue may allow a HTTP 204 response to be cached for static pages, leading to the 204 response being served to all users attempting to access the page. This issue has been addressed in version 15.1.8.

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. In Next.js App Router from 15.3.0 to before 15.3.3 and Vercel CLI from 41.4.1 to 42.2.0, a cache poisoning vulnerability was found. The issue allowed page requests for HTML content to return a React Server Component (RSC) payload instead under certain conditions. When deployed to Vercel, this would only impact the browser cache, and would not lead to the CDN being poisoned. When self-hosted and deployed externally, this could lead to cache poisoning if the CDN does not properly distinguish between RSC / HTML in the cache keys. This issue has been resolved in Next.js 15.3.3.

Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial ble_process_esp32_msg Misinterpretation of Input Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to inject arbitrary AT commands on affected installations of Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial charging stations. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the ble_process_esp32_msg function. The issue results from misinterpretation of input data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute AT commands in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26368.

Ruby WEBrick read_header HTTP Request Smuggling Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests on affected installations of Ruby WEBrick. This issue is exploitable when the product is deployed behind an HTTP proxy that fulfills specific conditions. The specific flaw exists within the read_headers method. The issue results from the inconsistent parsing of terminators of HTTP headers. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to smuggle arbitrary HTTP requests. Was ZDI-CAN-21876.

Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to version 3.4.4 of the `stable` branch, version 3.5.0.beta5 of the `beta` branch, and version 3.5.0.beta6-dev of the `tests-passed` branch, Codepen is present in the default `allowed_iframes` site setting, and it can potentially auto-run arbitrary JS in the iframe scope, which is unintended. This issue is patched in version 3.4.4 of the `stable` branch, version 3.5.0.beta5 of the `beta` branch, and version 3.5.0.beta6-dev of the `tests-passed` branch. As a workaround, the Codepen prefix can be removed from a site's `allowed_iframes`.

WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger MCU Command Parsing Misinterpretation of Input Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installatons of WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger devices. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of command frames received by the MCU. When parsing frames, the process does not properly detect the start of a frame, which can lead to misinterpretation of input. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26501.

Spring Cloud Gateway Server forwards the X-Forwarded-For and Forwarded headers from untrusted proxies.

A request smuggling vulnerability identified within Pingora’s proxying framework, pingora-proxy, allows malicious HTTP requests to be injected via manipulated request bodies on cache HITs, leading to unauthorized request execution and potential cache poisoning. Fixed in:  https://github.com/cloudflare/pingora/commit/fda3317ec822678564d641e7cf1c9b77ee3759ff https://github.com/cloudflare/pingora/commit/fda3317ec822678564d641e7cf1c9b77ee3759ff Impact: The issue could lead to request smuggling in cases where Pingora’s proxying framework, pingora-proxy, is used for caching allowing an attacker to manipulate headers and URLs in subsequent requests made on the same HTTP/1.1 connection.

A flaw in Node.js 20's HTTP parser allows improper termination of HTTP/1 headers using `\r\n\rX` instead of the required `\r\n\r\n`. This inconsistency enables request smuggling, allowing attackers to bypass proxy-based access controls and submit unauthorized requests. The issue was resolved by upgrading `llhttp` to version 9, which enforces correct header termination. Impact: * This vulnerability affects only Node.js 20.x users prior to the `llhttp` v9 upgrade.

Varnish Cache before 7.6.3 and 7.7 before 7.7.1, and Varnish Enterprise before 6.0.13r14, allow client-side desync via HTTP/1 requests, because the product incorrectly permits CRLF to be skipped to delimit chunk boundaries.

Radware Cloud Web Application Firewall (WAF) before 2025-05-07 allows remote attackers to bypass firewall filters by placing random data in the HTTP request body when using the HTTP GET method.

h11 is a Python implementation of HTTP/1.1. Prior to version 0.16.0, a leniency in h11's parsing of line terminators in chunked-coding message bodies can lead to request smuggling vulnerabilities under certain conditions. This issue has been patched in version 0.16.0. Since exploitation requires the combination of buggy h11 with a buggy (reverse) proxy, fixing either component is sufficient to mitigate this issue.

An issue in OpenResty lua-nginx-module v.0.10.26 and before allows a remote attacker to conduct HTTP request smuggling via a crafted HEAD request.

An issue in croogo v.3.0.2 allows an attacker to perform Host header injection via the feed.rss component.

A flaw was found in libsoup. The HTTP/2 server in libsoup may not fully validate the values of pseudo-headers :scheme, :authority, and :path, which may allow a user to cause a denial of service (DoS).

When using the ch-go library, under a specific condition when the query includes a large, uncompressed malicious external data, it is possible for an attacker in control of such data to smuggle another query packet into the connection stream.

Apache Traffic Server allows request smuggling if chunked messages are malformed.  This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 9.2.0 through 9.2.9, from 10.0.0 through 10.0.4. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.10 or 10.0.5, which fixes the issue.

React Router is a multi-strategy router for React bridging the gap from React 18 to React 19. There is a vulnerability in Remix/React Router that affects all Remix 2 and React Router 7 consumers using the Express adapter. Basically, this vulnerability allows anyone to spoof the URL used in an incoming Request by putting a URL pathname in the port section of a URL that is part of a Host or X-Forwarded-Host header sent to a Remix/React Router request handler. This issue has been patched and released in Remix 2.16.3 and React Router 7.4.1.

In PHP from 8.1.* before 8.1.32, from 8.2.* before 8.2.28, from 8.3.* before 8.3.19, from 8.4.* before 8.4.5, when http request module parses HTTP response obtained from a server, folded headers are parsed incorrectly, which may lead to misinterpreting the response and using incorrect headers, MIME types, etc.

IBM Cognos Controller 11.0.0 through 11.1.0 is vulnerable to a Client-Side Desync (CSD) attack where an attacker could exploit a desynchronized browser connection that could lead to further cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.

Varnish Cache before 7.6.2 and Varnish Enterprise before 6.0.13r10 allow client-side desync via HTTP/1 requests.

A vulnerability in binary-husky/gpt_academic version 310122f allows for a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack. The application uses a regular expression to parse user input, which can take polynomial time to match certain crafted inputs. This allows an attacker to send a small malicious payload to the server, causing it to become unresponsive and unable to handle any requests from other users.

HTTP Request Smuggling vulnerability in netease-youdao/qanything version 1.4.1 allows attackers to exploit inconsistencies in the interpretation of HTTP requests between a proxy and a server. This can lead to unauthorized access, bypassing security controls, session hijacking, data leakage, and potentially arbitrary code execution.

An unhandled exception in danny-avila/librechat version 3c94ff2 can lead to a server crash. The issue occurs when the fs module throws an exception while handling file uploads. An unauthenticated user can trigger this exception by sending a specially crafted request, causing the server to crash. The vulnerability is fixed in version 0.7.6.

Gunicorn version 21.2.0 does not properly validate the value of the 'Transfer-Encoding' header as specified in the RFC standards, which leads to the default fallback method of 'Content-Length,' making it vulnerable to TE.CL request smuggling. This vulnerability can lead to cache poisoning, data exposure, session manipulation, SSRF, XSS, DoS, data integrity compromise, security bypass, information leakage, and business logic abuse.

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 contain a patch for the issue.

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

Matching of hosts against proxy patterns can improperly treat an IPv6 zone ID as a hostname component. For example, when the NO_PROXY environment variable is set to "*.example.com", a request to "[::1%25.example.com]:80` will incorrectly match and not be proxied.

In JetBrains Ktor before 3.1.1 an HTTP Request Smuggling was possible

MariaDB Server 10.4 through 10.5.*, 10.6 through 10.6.*, 10.7 through 10.11.*, 11.0 through 11.0.*, and 11.1 through 11.4.* crashes in Item_direct_view_ref::derived_field_transformer_for_where.

MariaDB Server 10.10 through 10.11.* and 11.0 through 11.4.* crashes in JOIN::fix_all_splittings_in_plan.

MariaDB Server 10.4 through 10.5.*, 10.6 through 10.6.*, 10.7 through 10.11.*, and 11.0 through 11.0.* can sometimes crash with an empty backtrace log. This may be related to make_aggr_tables_info and optimize_stage2.

IBM Control Center 6.2.1 through 6.3.1 is vulnerable to an external service interaction attack, caused by improper validation of user-supplied input. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to induce the application to perform server-side DNS lookups or HTTP requests to arbitrary domain names. By submitting suitable payloads, an attacker can cause the application server to attack other systems that it can interact with.

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in ithewei libhv allows HTTP Response Smuggling.This issue affects libhv: through 1.3.3.