Dark Reader is an accessibility browser extension that makes web pages colors dark. The dynamic dark mode feature of the extension works by analyzing the colors of web pages found in CSS style sheet files. In order to analyze cross-origin style sheets (stored on websites different from the original web page), Dark Reader requests such files via a background worker, ensuring the request is performed with no credentials and that the content type of the response is a CSS file. Prior to Dark Reader 4.9.117, this style content was assigned to an HTML Style Element in order to parse and loop through style declarations, and also stored in page's Session Storage for performance gains. This could allow a website author to request a style sheet from a locally running web server, for example by having a link pointing to `http[:]//localhost[:]8080/style[.]css`. The brute force of the host name, port and file name would be unlikely due to performance impact, that would cause the browser tab to hang shortly, but it could be possible to request a style sheet if the full URL was known in advance. As per December 18, 2025 there is no known exploit of the issue. The problem has been fixed in version 4.9.117 on December 3, 2025. The style sheets are now parsed using modern Constructed Style Sheets API and the contents of cross-origin style sheets is no longer stored in page's Session Storage. Version 4.9.118 (December 8, 2025) restricts cross-origin requests to localhost aliases, IP addresses, hosts with ports and non-HTTPS resources. The absolute majority of users have received an update 4.1.117 or 4.9.118 automatically within a week. However users must ensure their automatic updates are not blocked and they are using the latest version of the extension by going to chrome://extensions or about:addons pages in browser settings. Users utilizing manual builds must upgrade to version 4.9.118 and above. Developers using `darkreader` NPM package for their own websites are likely not affected, but must ensure the function passed to `setFetchMethod()` for performing cross-origin requests works within the intended scope. Developers using custom forks of earlier versions of Dark Reader to build other extensions or integrating into their apps or browsers must ensure they perform cross-origin requests safely and the responses are not accessible outside of the app or extension.

A vulnerability was found in Dataease SQLBot up to 1.5.1. This impacts the function validateEmbedded of the file backend/apps/system/middleware/auth.py of the component JWT Token Handler. Performing a manipulation results in improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack can be initiated remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit has been made public and could be used. A comment in the source code warns users about using this feature. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.

An authenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in Cohesity TranZman Migration Appliance Release 4.0 Build 14614 allows attackers with Administrator privileges to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted patch file.

Textream is a free macOS teleprompter app. Prior to version 1.5.1, the `DirectorServer` WebSocket server (`ws://127.0.0.1:<httpPort+1>`) accepts connections from any origin without validating the HTTP `Origin` header during the WebSocket handshake. A malicious web page visited in the same browser session can silently connect to the local WebSocket server and send arbitrary `DirectorCommand` payloads, allowing full remote control of the teleprompter content. Version 1.5.1 fixes the issue.

Kiteworks is a private data network (PDN). Prior to version 9.2.0, a vulnerability in Kiteworks configuration functionality allows bypassing of SSRF protections through DNS rebinding attacks. Malicious administrators could exploit this to access internal services that should be restricted. Version 9.2.0 contains a patch for the issue.

calibre is a cross-platform e-book manager for viewing, converting, editing, and cataloging e-books. Prior to version 9.4.0, the calibre Content Server's brute-force protection mechanism uses a ban key derived from both `remote_addr` and the `X-Forwarded-For` header. Since the `X-Forwarded-For` header is read directly from the HTTP request without any validation or trusted-proxy configuration, an attacker can bypass IP-based bans by simply changing or adding this header, rendering the brute-force protection completely ineffective. This is particularly dangerous for calibre servers exposed to the internet, where brute-force protection is the primary defense against credential stuffing and password guessing attacks. Version 9.4.0 contains a fix for the issue.

A flaw was found in the Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform Gateway route creation component. This vulnerability allows credential theft via the creation of misleading routes using a double-slash (//) prefix in the gateway_path. A malicious or socially engineered administrator can configure a honey-pot route to intercept and exfiltrate user credentials, potentially maintaining persistent access or creating a backdoor even after their permissions are revoked.

The Fluent Forms Pro Add On Pack plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 6.1.17. This is due to the PayPal IPN (Instant Payment Notification) verification being disabled by default (`disable_ipn_verification` defaults to `'yes'` in `PayPalSettings.php`). This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to send forged PayPal IPN notifications to the publicly accessible IPN endpoint, marking unpaid form submissions as "paid" and triggering post-payment automation (emails, access grants, digital product delivery).

CleverTap Web SDK version 1.15.2 and earlier is vulnerable to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via window.postMessage. The handleCustomHtmlPreviewPostMessageEvent function in src/util/campaignRender/nativeDisplay.js performs insufficient origin validation using the includes() method, which can be bypassed by an attacker using a subdomain

Unitree Go2 firmware versions 1.1.7 through 1.1.11, when used with the Unitree Go2 Android application (com.unitree.doggo2), are vulnerable to remote code execution due to missing integrity protection and validation of user-created programmes. The Android application stores programs in a local SQLite database (unitree_go2.db, table dog_programme) and transmits the programme_text content, including the pyCode field, to the robot. The robot's actuator_manager.py executes the supplied Python as root without integrity verification or content validation. An attacker with local access to the Android device can tamper with the stored programme record to inject arbitrary Python that executes when the user triggers the program via a controller keybinding, and the malicious binding persists across reboots. Additionally, a malicious program shared through the application's community marketplace can result in arbitrary code execution on any robot that imports and runs it.

ZITADEL is an open source identity management platform. Starting in version 2.31.0 and prior to versions 3.4.7 and 4.11.0, opaque OIDC access tokens in the v2 format truncated to 80 characters are still considered valid. Zitadel uses a symmetric AES encryption for opaque tokens. The cleartext payload is a concatenation of a couple of identifiers, such as a token ID and user ID. Internally Zitadel has 2 different versions of token payloads. v1 tokens are no longer created, but are still verified as to not invalidate existing session after upgrade. The cleartext payload has a format of `<token_id>:<user_id>`. v2 tokens distinguished further where the `token_id` is of the format `v2_<oidc_session_id>-at_<access_token_id>`. V1 token authZ/N session data is retrieved from the database using the (simple) `token_id` value and `user_id` value. The `user_id` (called `subject` in some parts of our code) was used as being the trusted user ID. V2 token authZ/N session data is retrieved from the database using the `oidc_session_id` and `access_token_id` and in this case the `user_id` from the token is ignored and taken from the session data in the database. By truncating the token to 80 chars, the user_id is now missing from the cleartext of the v2 token. The back-end still accepts this for above reasons. This issue is not considered exploitable, but may look awkward when reproduced. The patch in versions 4.11.0 and 3.4.7 resolves the issue by verifying the `user_id` from the token against the session data from the database. No known workarounds are available.

Improper session management in D-Link Wireless N 300 ADSL2+ Modem Router DSL-124 ME_1.00 allows attackers to execute a session hijacking attack via spoofing the IP address of an authenticated user.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.3 and 9.1.1-alpha.4, an unauthenticated attacker can forge a Google authentication token with `alg: "none"` to log in as any user linked to a Google account, without knowing their credentials. All deployments with Google authentication enabled are affected. The fix in versions 8.6.3 and 9.1.1-alpha.4 hardcodes the expected `RS256` algorithm instead of trusting the JWT header, and replaces the Google adapter's custom key fetcher with `jwks-rsa` which rejects unknown key IDs. As a workaround, dsable Google authentication until upgrading is possible.

Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. In versions 4.12.0 and 4.12.1, when using the AWS Lambda adapter (`hono/aws-lambda`) behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB), the `getConnInfo()` function incorrectly selected the first value from the `X-Forwarded-For` header. Because AWS ALB appends the real client IP address to the end of the `X-Forwarded-For` header, the first value can be attacker-controlled. This could allow IP-based access control mechanisms (such as the `ipRestriction` middleware) to be bypassed. Version 4.12.2 patches the issue.

Local admin could to leak information from the Genetec Update Service configuration web page. An authenticated, admin privileged, Windows user could exploit this vulnerability to gain elevated privileges in the Genetec Update Service. Could be combined with CVE-2025-1789 to achieve low privilege escalation.

Same-origin policy bypass in the Networking: JAR component. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 148, Firefox ESR < 140.8, Thunderbird < 148, and Thunderbird < 140.8.

Cross-Realm Token Acceptance Bypass in KeycloakSecurityPolicy Apache Camel Keycloak component.  The Camel-Keycloak KeycloakSecurityPolicy does not validate the iss (issuer) claim of JWT tokens against the configured realm. A token issued by one Keycloak realm is silently accepted by a policy configured for a completely different realm, breaking tenant isolation. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 4.15.0 before 4.18.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.18.0, which fixes the issue.

A vulnerability was detected in Cesanta Mongoose up to 7.20. This impacts the function mg_chacha20_poly1305_decrypt of the file /src/tls_chacha20.c of the component Poly1305 Authentication Tag Handler. The manipulation results in improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack may be launched remotely. This attack is characterized by high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

The The Plus Addons for Elementor – Addons for Elementor, Page Templates, Widgets, Mega Menu, WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 6.4.7. This is due to the plugin decrypting and trusting attacker-controlled email_data in an unauthenticated AJAX handler without cryptographic authenticity guarantees. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to tamper with form email routing and redirection values to trigger unauthorized email relay and attacker-controlled redirection via the 'email_data' parameter.

CollabPlatform is a full-stack, real-time doc collaboration platform. In all versions of CollabPlatform, the Appwrite project used by the application is misconfigured to allow arbitrary origins in CORS responses while also permitting credentialed requests. An attacker-controlled domain can issue authenticated cross-origin requests and read sensitive user account information, including email address, account identifiers, and MFA status. The issue did not have a fix at the time of publication.

Feathersjs is a framework for creating web APIs and real-time applications with TypeScript or JavaScript. In versions 5.0.39 and below, origin validation uses startsWith() for comparison, allowing attackers to bypass the check by registering a domain that shares a common prefix with an allowed origin.The getAllowedOrigin() function checks if the Referer header starts with any allowed origin, and this comparison is insufficient as it only validates the prefix. This is exploitable when the origins array is configured and an attacker registers a domain starting with an allowed origin string (e.g., https://target.com.attacker.com bypasses https://target.com). On its own, tokens are still redirected to a configured origin. However, in specific scenarios an attacker can initiate the OAuth flow from an unauthorized origin and exfiltrate tokens, achieving full account takeover. This issue has bee fixed in version 5.0.40.

SvelteKit is a framework for rapidly developing robust, performant web applications using Svelte. Versions of @sveltejs/adapter-vercel prior to 6.3.2 are vulnerable to cache poisoning. An internal query parameter intended for Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR) is accessible on all routes, allowing an attacker to cause sensitive user-specific responses to be cached and served to other users. Successful exploitation requires a victim to visit an attacker-controlled link while authenticated. Existing deployments are protected by Vercel's WAF, but users should upgrade as soon as possible. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.3.2.

OpenClaw is a personal AI assistant. Prior to version 2026.2.15, in some shared-agent deployments, OpenClaw session tools (`sessions_list`, `sessions_history`, `sessions_send`) allowed broader session targeting than some operators intended. This is primarily a configuration/visibility-scoping issue in multi-user environments where peers are not equally trusted. In Telegram webhook mode, monitor startup also did not fall back to per-account `webhookSecret` when only the account-level secret was configured. In shared-agent, multi-user, less-trusted environments: session-tool access could expose transcript content across peer sessions. In single-agent or trusted environments, practical impact is limited. In Telegram webhook mode, account-level secret wiring could be missed unless an explicit monitor webhook secret override was provided. Version 2026.2.15 fixes the issue.

OpenClaw is a personal AI assistant. Discovery beacons (Bonjour/mDNS and DNS-SD) include TXT records such as `lanHost`, `tailnetDns`, `gatewayPort`, and `gatewayTlsSha256`. TXT records are unauthenticated. Prior to version 2026.2.14, some clients treated TXT values as authoritative routing/pinning inputs. iOS and macOS used TXT-provided host hints (`lanHost`/`tailnetDns`) and ports (`gatewayPort`) to build the connection URL. iOS and Android allowed the discovery-provided TLS fingerprint (`gatewayTlsSha256`) to override a previously stored TLS pin. On a shared/untrusted LAN, an attacker could advertise a rogue `_openclaw-gw._tcp` service. This could cause a client to connect to an attacker-controlled endpoint and/or accept an attacker certificate, potentially exfiltrating Gateway credentials (`auth.token` / `auth.password`) during connection. As of time of publication, the iOS and Android apps are alpha/not broadly shipped (no public App Store / Play Store release). Practical impact is primarily limited to developers/testers running those builds, plus any other shipped clients relying on discovery on a shared/untrusted LAN. Version 2026.2.14 fixes the issue. Clients now prefer the resolved service endpoint (SRV + A/AAAA) over TXT-provided routing hints. Discovery-provided fingerprints no longer override stored TLS pins. In iOS/Android, first-time TLS pins require explicit user confirmation (fingerprint shown; no silent TOFU) and discovery-based direct connects are TLS-only. In Android, hostname verification is no longer globally disabled (only bypassed when pinning).

OpenClaw is a personal AI assistant. In versions 2026.1.30 and below, if channels.telegram.webhookSecret is not set when in Telegram webhook mode, OpenClaw may accept webhook HTTP requests without verifying Telegram’s secret token header. In deployments where the webhook endpoint is reachable by an attacker, this can allow forged Telegram updates (for example spoofing message.from.id). If an attacker can reach the webhook endpoint, they may be able to send forged updates that are processed as if they came from Telegram. Depending on enabled commands/tools and configuration, this could lead to unintended bot actions. Note: Telegram webhook mode is not enabled by default. It is enabled only when `channels.telegram.webhookUrl` is configured. This issue has been fixed in version 2026.2.1.

The RegistrationMagic – Custom Registration Forms, User Registration, Payment, and User Login plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to payment bypass due to insufficient verification of data authenticity on the 'process_paypal_sdk_payment' function in all versions up to, and including, 6.0.6.9. This is due to the plugin trusting client-supplied values for payment verification without validating that the payment actually went through PayPal. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass paid registration by manipulating payment status and activating their account without completing a real PayPal payment.

The Spam protection, Anti-Spam, FireWall by CleanTalk plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized Arbitrary Plugin Installation due to an authorization bypass via reverse DNS (PTR record) spoofing on the 'checkWithoutToken' function in all versions up to, and including, 6.71. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to install and activate arbitrary plugins which can be leveraged to achieve remote code execution if another vulnerable plugin is installed and activated. Note: This is only exploitable on sites with an invalid API key.

Proctorio Chrome Extension is a browser extension used for online proctoring. The extension contains multiple window.addEventListener('message', ...) handlers that do not properly validate the origin of incoming messages. Specifically, an internal messaging bridge processes messages based solely on the presence of a fromWebsite property without verifying the event.origin attribute.

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.2 before 18.6.6, 18.7 before 18.7.4, and 18.8 before 18.8.4 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to steal tokens and access private repositories by abusing incomplete validation in the Web IDE.

cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers. Prior to 46.0.5, the public_key_from_numbers (or EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key()), EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key() and load_pem_public_key() functions do not verify that the point belongs to the expected prime-order subgroup of the curve. This missing validation allows an attacker to provide a public key point P from a small-order subgroup. This can lead to security issues in various situations, such as the most commonly used signature verification (ECDSA) and shared key negotiation (ECDH). When the victim computes the shared secret as S = [victim_private_key]P via ECDH, this leaks information about victim_private_key mod (small_subgroup_order). For curves with cofactor > 1, this reveals the least significant bits of the private key. When these weak public keys are used in ECDSA , it's easy to forge signatures on the small subgroup. Only SECT curves are impacted by this. This vulnerability is fixed in 46.0.5.

Certain HP OfficeJet Pro printers may expose information if Cross‑Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is misconfigured, potentially allowing unauthorized web origins to access device resource. CORS is disabled by default on Pro‑class devices and can only be enabled by an administrator through the Embedded Web Server (EWS). Keeping CORS disabled unless explicitly required helps ensure that only trusted solutions can interact with the device.

User interface (ui) misrepresentation of critical information in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network.

An unauthenticated remote attacker is able to use an existing session id of a logged in user and gain full access to the device if configuration via ethernet is enabled.

OpenProject is an open-source, web-based project management software. In the new editor for collaborative documents based on BlockNote, OpenProject maintainers added a custom extension in OpenProject version 17.0.0 that allows to mention OpenProject work packages in the document. To show work package details, the editor loads details about the work package via the OpenProject API. For this API call, the extension to the BlockNote editor did not properly validate the given work package ID to be only a number. This allowed an attacker to generate a document with relative links that upon opening could make arbitrary `GET` requests to any URL within the OpenProject instance. This issue was patched in version version 0.0.22 of op-blocknote-extensions, which was shipped with OpenProject 17.0.2. If users cannot update immediately to version 17.0.2 of OpenProject, administrators can disable collaborative document editing in Settings -> Documents -> Real time collaboration -> Disable.

OpenProject is an open-source, web-based project management software. To enable the real time collaboration on documents, OpenProject 17.0 introduced a synchronization server. The OpenPrioject backend generates an authentication token that is currently valid for 24 hours, encrypts it with a shared secret only known to the synchronization server. The frontend hands this encrypted token and the backend URL over to the synchronization server to check user's ability to work on the document and perform intermittent saves while editing. The synchronization server does not properly validate the backend URL and sends a request with the decrypted authentication token to the endpoint that was given to the server. An attacker could use this vulnerability to decrypt a token that he intercepted by other means to gain an access token to interact with OpenProject on the victim's behalf. This vulnerability was introduced with OpenProject 17.0.0 and was fixed in 17.0.2. As a workaround, disable the collaboration feature via Settings -> Documents -> Real time collaboration -> Disable. Additionally the `hocuspocus` container should also be disabled.

sm-crypto provides JavaScript implementations of the Chinese cryptographic algorithms SM2, SM3, and SM4. A private key recovery vulnerability exists in the SM2 decryption logic of sm-crypto prior to version 0.3.14. By interacting with the SM2 decryption interface multiple times, an attacker can fully recover the private key within approximately several hundred interactions. Version 0.3.14 patches the issue.

A weakness has been identified in MineAdmin 1.x/2.x. This impacts the function refresh of the file /system/refresh of the component JWT Token Handler. This manipulation causes insufficient verification of data authenticity. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is said to be difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

The Rede Itaú for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to order status manipulation due to insufficient verification of data authenticity in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.2. This is due to the plugin failing to verify the authenticity of payment callbacks. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to manipulate WooCommerce order statuses, either marking unpaid orders as paid, or failed.

AliasVault is a privacy-first password manager with built-in email aliasing. AliasVault Android versions 0.24.0 through 0.25.2 contained an issue in how passkey requests from Android apps were validated. Under certain local conditions, a malicious app could attempt to obtain a passkey response for a site it was not authorized to access. The issue involved incomplete validation of calling app identity, origin, and RP ID in the Android credential provider. This issue was fixed in AliasVault Android 0.25.3.

WAGO 750-8212 PFC200 G2 2ETH RS firmware contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows attackers to manipulate user session cookies. Attackers can modify the cookie's 'name' and 'roles' parameters to elevate from ordinary user to administrative privileges without authentication.

Prowise Reflect version 1.0.9 contains a remote keystroke injection vulnerability that allows attackers to send keyboard events through an exposed WebSocket on port 8082. Attackers can craft malicious web pages to inject keystrokes, opening applications and typing arbitrary text by sending specific WebSocket messages.

Appsmith is a platform to build admin panels, internal tools, and dashboards. Prior to 1.93, the server uses the Origin value from the request headers as the email link baseUrl without validation. If an attacker controls the Origin, password reset / email verification links in emails can be generated pointing to the attacker’s domain, causing authentication tokens to be exposed and potentially leading to account takeover. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.93.

MLFlow versions up to and including 3.4.0 are vulnerable to DNS rebinding attacks due to a lack of Origin header validation in the MLFlow REST server. This vulnerability allows malicious websites to bypass Same-Origin Policy protections and execute unauthorized calls against REST endpoints. An attacker can query, update, and delete experiments via the affected endpoints, leading to potential data exfiltration, destruction, or manipulation. The issue is resolved in version 3.5.0.

Cosign provides code signing and transparency for containers and binaries. Prior to versions 2.6.2 and 3.0.4, Cosign bundle can be crafted to successfully verify an artifact even if the embedded Rekor entry does not reference the artifact's digest, signature or public key. When verifying a Rekor entry, Cosign verifies the Rekor entry signature, and also compares the artifact's digest, the user's public key from either a Fulcio certificate or provided by the user, and the artifact signature to the Rekor entry contents. Without these comparisons, Cosign would accept any response from Rekor as valid. A malicious actor that has compromised a user's identity or signing key could construct a valid Cosign bundle by including any arbitrary Rekor entry, thus preventing the user from being able to audit the signing event. This issue has been patched in versions 2.6.2 and 3.0.4.

React Router is a router for React. In @remix-run/server-runtime version prior to 2.17.3. and react-router 7.0.0 through 7.11.0, React Router (or Remix v2) is vulnerable to CSRF attacks on document POST requests to UI routes when using server-side route action handlers in Framework Mode, or when using React Server Actions in the new unstable RSC modes. There is no impact if Declarative Mode (<BrowserRouter>) or Data Mode (createBrowserRouter/<RouterProvider>) is being used. This issue has been patched in @remix-run/server-runtime version 2.17.3 and react-router version 7.12.0.

A message out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex Central could allow a remote attacker to create a denial-of-service condition on affected installations. Please note: authentication is not required in order to exploit this vulnerability.

A message unchecked NULL return value vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex Central could allow a remote attacker to create a denial-of-service condition on affected installations. Please note: authentication is not required in order to exploit this vulnerability..

A LoadLibraryEX vulnerability in Trend Micro Apex Central could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to load an attacker-controlled DLL into a key executable, leading to execution of attacker-supplied code under the context of SYSTEM on affected installations.

A flaw was found in Keycloak. The Keycloak Authorization header parser is overly permissive regarding the formatting of the "Bearer" authentication scheme. It accepts non-standard characters (such as tabs) as separators and tolerates case variations that deviate from RFC 6750 specifications.

An issue was discovered in Nitro PDF Pro for Windows before 14.42.0.34. In certain cases, it displays signer information from a non-verified PDF field rather than from the verified certificate subject. This could allow a document to present inconsistent signer details. The display logic was updated to ensure signer information consistently reflects the verified certificate identity.