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Vulnerability Details :

CVE-2019-18180

Summary
Assigner-mitre
Assigner Org ID-8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca
Published At-05 Dec, 2019 | 14:54
Updated At-16 Sep, 2024 | 19:24
Rejected At-
Credits

Denial of service

Improper Check for filenames with overly long extensions in PostMaster (sending in email) or uploading files (e.g. attaching files to mails) of ((OTRS)) Community Edition and OTRS allows an remote attacker to cause an endless loop. This issue affects: OTRS AG: ((OTRS)) Community Edition 5.0.x version 5.0.38 and prior versions; 6.0.x version 6.0.23 and prior versions. OTRS AG: OTRS 7.0.x version 7.0.12 and prior versions.

Vendors
-
Not available
Products
-
Metrics (CVSS)
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Weaknesses
Attack Patterns
Solution/Workaround
References
HyperlinkResource Type
EPSS History
Score
Latest Score
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Percentile
Latest Percentile
-
N/A
No data available for selected date range
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)
▼Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE)
cve.org
Assigner:mitre
Assigner Org ID:8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca
Published At:05 Dec, 2019 | 14:54
Updated At:16 Sep, 2024 | 19:24
Rejected At:
▼CVE Numbering Authority (CNA)
Denial of service

Improper Check for filenames with overly long extensions in PostMaster (sending in email) or uploading files (e.g. attaching files to mails) of ((OTRS)) Community Edition and OTRS allows an remote attacker to cause an endless loop. This issue affects: OTRS AG: ((OTRS)) Community Edition 5.0.x version 5.0.38 and prior versions; 6.0.x version 6.0.23 and prior versions. OTRS AG: OTRS 7.0.x version 7.0.12 and prior versions.

Affected Products
Vendor
n/a
Product
n/a
Versions
Affected
  • n/a
Problem Types
TypeCWE IDDescription
textN/An/a
Type: text
CWE ID: N/A
Description: n/a
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
3.15.3MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Version: 3.1
Base score: 5.3
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Upgrade to OTRS 7.0.13 or OTRS 6.0.24 or OTRS 5.0.39

Patch for ((OTRS)) Community Edition 6.0: https://github.com/OTRS/otrs/commit/799616eb43f7fb53cae4e04c81e2156baaf02e2b Patch for ((OTRS)) Community Edition 5.0: https://github.com/OTRS/otrs/commit/76b301f4e3f45cb23bb6a3d6907028c733d11145

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://community.otrs.com/security-advisory-2019-15-security-update-for-otrs-framework/
N/A
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00038.html
vendor-advisory
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00066.html
vendor-advisory
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00077.html
vendor-advisory
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00040.html
mailing-list
Hyperlink: https://community.otrs.com/security-advisory-2019-15-security-update-for-otrs-framework/
Resource: N/A
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00038.html
Resource:
vendor-advisory
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00066.html
Resource:
vendor-advisory
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00077.html
Resource:
vendor-advisory
Hyperlink: https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00040.html
Resource:
mailing-list
▼Authorized Data Publishers (ADP)
CVE Program Container
Affected Products
Metrics
VersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Metrics Other Info
Impacts
CAPEC IDDescription
Solutions

Configurations

Workarounds

Exploits

Credits

Timeline
EventDate
Replaced By

Rejected Reason

References
HyperlinkResource
https://community.otrs.com/security-advisory-2019-15-security-update-for-otrs-framework/
x_transferred
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00038.html
vendor-advisory
x_transferred
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00066.html
vendor-advisory
x_transferred
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00077.html
vendor-advisory
x_transferred
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00040.html
mailing-list
x_transferred
Hyperlink: https://community.otrs.com/security-advisory-2019-15-security-update-for-otrs-framework/
Resource:
x_transferred
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00038.html
Resource:
vendor-advisory
x_transferred
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00066.html
Resource:
vendor-advisory
x_transferred
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00077.html
Resource:
vendor-advisory
x_transferred
Hyperlink: https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00040.html
Resource:
mailing-list
x_transferred
Information is not available yet
▼National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
nvd.nist.gov
Source:cve@mitre.org
Published At:05 Dec, 2019 | 15:15
Updated At:31 Aug, 2023 | 03:15

Improper Check for filenames with overly long extensions in PostMaster (sending in email) or uploading files (e.g. attaching files to mails) of ((OTRS)) Community Edition and OTRS allows an remote attacker to cause an endless loop. This issue affects: OTRS AG: ((OTRS)) Community Edition 5.0.x version 5.0.38 and prior versions; 6.0.x version 6.0.23 and prior versions. OTRS AG: OTRS 7.0.x version 7.0.12 and prior versions.

CISA Catalog
Date AddedDue DateVulnerability NameRequired Action
N/A
Date Added: N/A
Due Date: N/A
Vulnerability Name: N/A
Required Action: N/A
Metrics
TypeVersionBase scoreBase severityVector
Primary3.17.5HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Secondary3.15.3MEDIUM
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Primary2.05.0MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P
Type: Primary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 7.5
Base severity: HIGH
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Type: Secondary
Version: 3.1
Base score: 5.3
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Type: Primary
Version: 2.0
Base score: 5.0
Base severity: MEDIUM
Vector:
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P
CPE Matches

OTRS AG
otrs
>>otrs>>Versions from 5.0.0(inclusive) to 5.0.39(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:otrs:otrs:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
OTRS AG
otrs
>>otrs>>Versions from 6.0.0(inclusive) to 6.0.24(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:otrs:otrs:*:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
OTRS AG
otrs
>>otrs>>Versions from 7.0.0(inclusive) to 7.0.13(exclusive)
cpe:2.3:a:otrs:otrs:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Weaknesses
CWE IDTypeSource
CWE-835Primarynvd@nist.gov
CWE ID: CWE-835
Type: Primary
Source: nvd@nist.gov
Evaluator Description

Evaluator Impact

Evaluator Solution

Vendor Statements

References
HyperlinkSourceResource
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00038.htmlcve@mitre.org
Broken Link
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00066.htmlcve@mitre.org
Broken Link
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00077.htmlcve@mitre.org
Broken Link
https://community.otrs.com/security-advisory-2019-15-security-update-for-otrs-framework/cve@mitre.org
Patch
Vendor Advisory
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00040.htmlcve@mitre.org
N/A
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-04/msg00038.html
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Broken Link
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00066.html
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Broken Link
Hyperlink: http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00077.html
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Broken Link
Hyperlink: https://community.otrs.com/security-advisory-2019-15-security-update-for-otrs-framework/
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource:
Patch
Vendor Advisory
Hyperlink: https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00040.html
Source: cve@mitre.org
Resource: N/A

Change History

0
Information is not available yet

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CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2019-0205
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apache Software Foundation
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Matching Score-4
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CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.70% / 71.03%
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Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
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Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2023-24808
Matching Score-4
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Matching Score-4
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CVSS Score-5.3||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.12% / 32.42%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
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KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
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Vendor-pdfio_projectmichaelrsweet
Product-pdfiopdfio
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-9257
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.36% / 57.05%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-04 Apr, 2018 | 07:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 17:58
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

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Vendor-n/aWireshark Foundation
Product-wiresharkn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7327
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.36% / 57.07%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.4.0 to 2.4.4 and 2.2.0 to 2.2.12, epan/dissectors/packet-openflow_v6.c had an infinite loop that was addressed by validating property lengths.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark Foundation
Product-wiresharkn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7326
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.39% / 59.12%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.4.0 to 2.4.4 and 2.2.0 to 2.2.12, epan/dissectors/packet-lltd.c had an infinite loop that was addressed by using a correct integer data type.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark Foundation
Product-wiresharkn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7322
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.54% / 66.55%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.4.0 to 2.4.4 and 2.2.0 to 2.2.12, epan/dissectors/packet-dcm.c had an infinite loop that was addressed by checking for integer wraparound.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark FoundationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-wiresharkdebian_linuxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7333
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.36% / 57.07%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.4.0 to 2.4.4 and 2.2.0 to 2.2.12, epan/dissectors/packet-rpcrdma.c had an infinite loop that was addressed by validating a chunk size.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark Foundation
Product-wiresharkn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7332
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.37% / 58.23%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.4.0 to 2.4.4 and 2.2.0 to 2.2.12, epan/dissectors/packet-reload.c had an infinite loop that was addressed by validating a length.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark FoundationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-wiresharkdebian_linuxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7328
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.36% / 57.07%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.4.0 to 2.4.4 and 2.2.0 to 2.2.12, epan/dissectors/packet-usb.c had an infinite loop that was addressed by rejecting short frame header lengths.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark Foundation
Product-wiresharkn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7331
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-1.30% / 78.91%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.4.0 to 2.4.4 and 2.2.0 to 2.2.12, epan/dissectors/packet-ber.c had an infinite loop that was addressed by validating a length.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark FoundationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-wiresharkdebian_linuxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7421
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.43% / 61.61%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.12 and 2.4.0 to 2.4.4, the DMP dissector could go into an infinite loop. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-dmp.c by correctly supporting a bounded number of Security Categories for a DMP Security Classification.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark Foundation
Product-wiresharkn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-7325
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.37% / 58.23%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-23 Feb, 2018 | 22:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 06:24
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.4.0 to 2.4.4 and 2.2.0 to 2.2.12, epan/dissectors/packet-rpki-rtr.c had an infinite loop that was addressed by validating a length field.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark FoundationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-wiresharkdebian_linuxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-5818
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Flexera Software LLC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Flexera Software LLC
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.78% / 72.79%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Feb, 2019 | 18:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 05:47
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An error within the "parse_rollei()" function (internal/dcraw_common.cpp) within LibRaw versions prior to 0.19.1 can be exploited to trigger an infinite loop.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-librawn/aDebian GNU/Linux
Product-librawdebian_linuxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-5381
Matching Score-4
Assigner-CERT/CC
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-CERT/CC
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-10.09% / 92.79%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-19 Feb, 2018 | 13:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 16:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The Quagga BGP daemon (bgpd) prior to version 1.2.3 has a bug in its parsing of "Capabilities" in BGP OPEN messages, in the bgp_packet.c:bgp_capability_msg_parse function. The parser can enter an infinite loop on invalid capabilities if a Multi-Protocol capability does not have a recognized AFI/SAFI, causing a denial of service.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-quaggaQuaggaDebian GNU/LinuxSiemens AGCanonical Ltd.
Product-ubuntu_linuxdebian_linuxquaggaruggedcom_rox_ii_firmwareruggedcom_rox_iibgpd
CWE ID-CWE-228
Improper Handling of Syntactically Invalid Structure
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2024-40675
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Android (associated with Google Inc. or Open Handset Alliance)
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Android (associated with Google Inc. or Open Handset Alliance)
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.04% / 10.82%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-28 Jan, 2025 | 19:13
Updated-22 Apr, 2025 | 14:27
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In parseUriInternal of Intent.java, there is a possible infinite loop due to improper input validation. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Google LLC
Product-androidAndroid
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2024-43512
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Microsoft Corporation
CVSS Score-6.5||MEDIUM
EPSS-0.87% / 74.21%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-08 Oct, 2024 | 17:35
Updated-08 Jul, 2025 | 15:39
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Windows Standards-Based Storage Management Service Denial of Service Vulnerability

Windows Standards-Based Storage Management Service Denial of Service Vulnerability

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Microsoft Corporation
Product-windows_server_2012windows_server_2016windows_server_2019windows_server_2022Windows Server 2022Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2019Windows Server 2012 R2Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)Windows Server 2016Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2022-23596
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitHub, Inc.
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.36% / 57.41%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-01 Feb, 2022 | 11:52
Updated-05 May, 2025 | 17:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Infinite loop in junrar

Junrar is an open source java RAR archive library. In affected versions A carefully crafted RAR archive can trigger an infinite loop while extracting said archive. The impact depends solely on how the application uses the library, and whether files can be provided by malignant users. The problem is patched in 7.4.1. There are no known workarounds and users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-junrar_projectn/a
Product-junrarn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2022-23968
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-1.27% / 78.63%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-26 Jan, 2022 | 05:01
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 03:59
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Xerox VersaLink devices on specific versions of firmware before 2022-01-26 allow remote attackers to brick the device via a crafted TIFF file in an unauthenticated HTTP POST request. There is a permanent denial of service because image parsing causes a reboot, but image parsing is restarted as soon as the boot process finishes. However, this boot loop can be resolved by a field technician. The TIFF file must have an incomplete Image Directory. Affected firmware versions include xx.42.01 and xx.50.61. NOTE: the 2022-01-24 NeoSmart article included "believed to affect all previous and later versions as of the date of this posting" but a 2022-01-26 vendor statement reports "the latest versions of firmware are not vulnerable to this issue."

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aXerox Corporation
Product-versalink_c505versalink_c400versalink_b7025versalink_c7000versalink_c605versalink_c9000versalink_firmwareversalink_b7030versalink_b600versalink_c8000versalink_c8000wversalink_b400versalink_c7020versalink_b610versalink_c7025versalink_b405versalink_c500versalink_c600versalink_c405versalink_c7030versalink_b7035n/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-19622
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-1.42% / 79.82%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-29 Nov, 2018 | 04:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 11:44
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.6.0 to 2.6.4 and 2.4.0 to 2.4.10, the MMSE dissector could go into an infinite loop. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-mmse.c by preventing length overflows.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark FoundationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-wiresharkdebian_linuxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-20216
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-2.78% / 85.50%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Dec, 2018 | 21:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 11:58
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

QEMU can have an infinite loop in hw/rdma/vmw/pvrdma_dev_ring.c because return values are not checked (and -1 is mishandled).

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aQEMUCanonical Ltd.
Product-ubuntu_linuxqemun/a
CWE ID-CWE-252
Unchecked Return Value
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-18385
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.70% / 71.08%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-16 Oct, 2018 | 15:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 11:08
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Asciidoctor in versions < 1.5.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop). The loop was caused by the fact that Parser.next_block was not exhausting all the lines in the reader as the while loop expected it would. This was happening because the regular expression that detects any list was not agreeing with the regular expression that detects a specific list type. So the line kept getting pushed back onto the reader, hence causing the loop.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-asciidoctorn/a
Product-asciidoctorn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-17202
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apache Software Foundation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apache Software Foundation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-2.05% / 83.15%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-06 May, 2019 | 17:14
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 10:47
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Certain input files could make the code to enter into an infinite loop when Apache Sanselan 0.97-incubator was used to parse them, which could be used in a DoS attack. Note that Apache Sanselan (incubating) was renamed to Apache Commons Imaging.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aThe Apache Software Foundation
Product-commons_imagingApache Commons Imaging
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-17846
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.73% / 71.88%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-01 Oct, 2018 | 08:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 10:54
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The html package (aka x/net/html) through 2018-09-25 in Go mishandles <table><math><select><mi><select></table>, leading to an infinite loop during an html.Parse call because inSelectIM and inSelectInTableIM do not comply with a specification.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aFedora ProjectGo
Product-fedoranetn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2022-21159
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Talos
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.55% / 66.89%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-15 Apr, 2022 | 16:00
Updated-15 Apr, 2025 | 19:05
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A denial of service vulnerability exists in the parseNormalModeParameters functionality of MZ Automation GmbH libiec61850 1.5.0. A specially-crafted series of network requests can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of malformed iec61850 messages to trigger this vulnerability.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-mz-automationMZ Automation GmbH
Product-libiec61850libiec61850
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-14339
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.80% / 73.08%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-19 Jul, 2018 | 02:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 09:21
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Wireshark 2.6.0 to 2.6.1, 2.4.0 to 2.4.7, and 2.2.0 to 2.2.15, the MMSE dissector could go into an infinite loop. This was addressed in epan/proto.c by adding offset and length validation.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWireshark FoundationDebian GNU/Linux
Product-wiresharkdebian_linuxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CWE ID-CWE-20
Improper Input Validation
CVE-2018-14051
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.33% / 55.62%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Jul, 2018 | 16:00
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 17:59
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The function wav_read in libwav.c in libwav through 2017-04-20 has an infinite loop.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-libwav_projectn/a
Product-libwavn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-12913
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.43% / 61.87%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-27 Jun, 2018 | 18:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 08:45
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In Miniz 2.0.7, tinfl_decompress in miniz_tinfl.c has an infinite loop because sym2 and counter can both remain equal to zero.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-miniz_projectn/a
Product-minizn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-1336
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apache Software Foundation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-Apache Software Foundation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-3.93% / 87.85%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-02 Aug, 2018 | 14:00
Updated-14 Nov, 2024 | 20:35
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An improper handing of overflow in the UTF-8 decoder with supplementary characters can lead to an infinite loop in the decoder causing a Denial of Service. Versions Affected: Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M9 to 9.0.7, 8.5.0 to 8.5.30, 8.0.0.RC1 to 8.0.51, and 7.0.28 to 7.0.86.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Canonical Ltd.The Apache Software FoundationRed Hat, Inc.Debian GNU/Linux
Product-enterprise_linux_serverubuntu_linuxdebian_linuxjboss_enterprise_web_serverenterprise_linux_workstationenterprise_linuxtomcatjboss_enterprise_application_platformenterprise_linux_desktopApache Tomcat
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2022-0778
Matching Score-4
Assigner-OpenSSL Software Foundation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-OpenSSL Software Foundation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-6.16% / 90.46%
||
7 Day CHG-0.73%
Published-15 Mar, 2022 | 17:05
Updated-17 Sep, 2024 | 00:01
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Infinite loop in BN_mod_sqrt() reachable when parsing certificates

The BN_mod_sqrt() function, which computes a modular square root, contains a bug that can cause it to loop forever for non-prime moduli. Internally this function is used when parsing certificates that contain elliptic curve public keys in compressed form or explicit elliptic curve parameters with a base point encoded in compressed form. It is possible to trigger the infinite loop by crafting a certificate that has invalid explicit curve parameters. Since certificate parsing happens prior to verification of the certificate signature, any process that parses an externally supplied certificate may thus be subject to a denial of service attack. The infinite loop can also be reached when parsing crafted private keys as they can contain explicit elliptic curve parameters. Thus vulnerable situations include: - TLS clients consuming server certificates - TLS servers consuming client certificates - Hosting providers taking certificates or private keys from customers - Certificate authorities parsing certification requests from subscribers - Anything else which parses ASN.1 elliptic curve parameters Also any other applications that use the BN_mod_sqrt() where the attacker can control the parameter values are vulnerable to this DoS issue. In the OpenSSL 1.0.2 version the public key is not parsed during initial parsing of the certificate which makes it slightly harder to trigger the infinite loop. However any operation which requires the public key from the certificate will trigger the infinite loop. In particular the attacker can use a self-signed certificate to trigger the loop during verification of the certificate signature. This issue affects OpenSSL versions 1.0.2, 1.1.1 and 3.0. It was addressed in the releases of 1.1.1n and 3.0.2 on the 15th March 2022. Fixed in OpenSSL 3.0.2 (Affected 3.0.0,3.0.1). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.1.1n (Affected 1.1.1-1.1.1m). Fixed in OpenSSL 1.0.2zd (Affected 1.0.2-1.0.2zc).

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Debian GNU/LinuxNode.js (OpenJS Foundation)OpenSSLTenable, Inc.NetApp, Inc.Fedora ProjectMariaDB Foundation
Product-500fclustered_data_ontapdebian_linuxcloud_volumes_ontap_mediator500f_firmwareopenssla250_firmwaremariadbfedoraclustered_data_ontap_antivirus_connectora250node.jsstoragegridsantricity_smi-s_providernessusOpenSSL
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2021-46828
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.37% / 58.14%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-20 Jul, 2022 | 00:00
Updated-05 May, 2025 | 17:17
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

In libtirpc before 1.3.3rc1, remote attackers could exhaust the file descriptors of a process that uses libtirpc because idle TCP connections are mishandled. This can, in turn, lead to an svc_run infinite loop without accepting new connections.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-libtirpc_projectn/aDebian GNU/Linux
Product-libtirpcdebian_linuxn/a
CWE ID-CWE-755
Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-10546
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-47.51% / 97.62%
||
7 Day CHG-18.38%
Published-29 Apr, 2018 | 21:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 07:39
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An issue was discovered in PHP before 5.6.36, 7.0.x before 7.0.30, 7.1.x before 7.1.17, and 7.2.x before 7.2.5. An infinite loop exists in ext/iconv/iconv.c because the iconv stream filter does not reject invalid multibyte sequences.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aNetApp, Inc.Canonical Ltd.Debian GNU/LinuxThe PHP Group
Product-ubuntu_linuxphpdebian_linuxstorage_automation_storen/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2018-1000075
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-1.63% / 81.15%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-13 Mar, 2018 | 15:00
Updated-05 Aug, 2024 | 12:33
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

RubyGems version Ruby 2.2 series: 2.2.9 and earlier, Ruby 2.3 series: 2.3.6 and earlier, Ruby 2.4 series: 2.4.3 and earlier, Ruby 2.5 series: 2.5.0 and earlier, prior to trunk revision 62422 contains a infinite loop caused by negative size vulnerability in ruby gem package tar header that can result in a negative size could cause an infinite loop.. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 2.7.6.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-rubygemsn/aDebian GNU/Linux
Product-debian_linuxrubygemsn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2021-42260
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.36% / 57.11%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-11 Oct, 2021 | 00:00
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 03:30
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

TinyXML through 2.6.2 has an infinite loop in TiXmlParsingData::Stamp in tinyxmlparser.cpp via the TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0 case. It can be triggered by a crafted XML message and leads to a denial of service.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-tinyxml_projectn/aDebian GNU/Linux
Product-debian_linuxtinyxmln/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2021-43172
Matching Score-4
Assigner-NLnet Labs
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-NLnet Labs
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.54% / 66.50%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-09 Nov, 2021 | 16:41
Updated-16 Sep, 2024 | 17:03
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available
Infinite length chain of RRDP repositories

NLnet Labs Routinator prior to 0.10.2 happily processes a chain of RRDP repositories of infinite length causing it to never finish a validation run. In RPKI, a CA can choose the RRDP repository it wishes to publish its data in. By continuously generating a new child CA that only consists of another CA using a different RRDP repository, a malicious CA can create a chain of CAs of de-facto infinite length. Routinator prior to version 0.10.2 did not contain a limit on the length of such a chain and will therefore continue to process this chain forever. As a result, the validation run will never finish, leading to Routinator continuing to serve the old data set or, if in the initial validation run directly after starting, never serve any data at all.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-nlnetlabsNLnet Labs
Product-routinatorRoutinator
CWE ID-CWE-674
Uncontrolled Recursion
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2017-9358
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-1.19% / 77.96%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-02 Jun, 2017 | 05:04
Updated-20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

A memory exhaustion vulnerability exists in Asterisk Open Source 13.x before 13.15.1 and 14.x before 14.4.1 and Certified Asterisk 13.13 before 13.13-cert4, which can be triggered by sending specially crafted SCCP packets causing an infinite loop and leading to memory exhaustion (by message logging in that loop).

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aSangoma Technologies Corp.Asterisk
Product-certified_asteriskasteriskn/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2021-42040
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.41% / 60.34%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-06 Oct, 2021 | 20:28
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 03:22
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

An issue was discovered in MediaWiki through 1.36.2. A parser function related to loop control allowed for an infinite loop (and php-fpm hang) within the Loops extension because egLoopsCountLimit is mishandled. This could lead to memory exhaustion.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-n/aWikimedia Foundation
Product-mediawikin/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2021-4182
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitLab Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitLab Inc.
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.04% / 12.04%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 Dec, 2021 | 00:00
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 17:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Crash in the RFC 7468 dissector in Wireshark 3.6.0 and 3.4.0 to 3.4.10 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Wireshark FoundationOracle CorporationFedora Project
Product-wiresharkhttp_serverfedorazfs_storage_appliance_kitWireshark
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2017-9233
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.44% / 62.21%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-25 Jul, 2017 | 20:00
Updated-20 Apr, 2025 | 01:37
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

XML External Entity vulnerability in libexpat 2.2.0 and earlier (Expat XML Parser Library) allows attackers to put the parser in an infinite loop using a malformed external entity definition from an external DTD.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-libexpat_projectn/aDebian GNU/LinuxPython Software Foundation
Product-libexpatdebian_linuxpythonn/a
CWE ID-CWE-611
Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2021-4184
Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitLab Inc.
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Matching Score-4
Assigner-GitLab Inc.
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-0.04% / 9.70%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-30 Dec, 2021 | 00:00
Updated-03 Aug, 2024 | 17:16
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

Infinite loop in the BitTorrent DHT dissector in Wireshark 3.6.0 and 3.4.0 to 3.4.10 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file

Action-Not Available
Vendor-Wireshark FoundationOracle CorporationDebian GNU/LinuxFedora Project
Product-http_serverdebian_linuxfedorazfs_storage_appliance_kitwiresharkWireshark
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
CVE-2021-40839
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
ShareView Details
Matching Score-4
Assigner-MITRE Corporation
CVSS Score-7.5||HIGH
EPSS-13.84% / 94.04%
||
7 Day CHG~0.00%
Published-10 Sep, 2021 | 01:03
Updated-04 Aug, 2024 | 02:51
Rejected-Not Available
Known To Be Used In Ransomware Campaigns?-Not Available
KEV Added-Not Available
KEV Action Due Date-Not Available

The rencode package through 1.0.6 for Python allows an infinite loop in typecode decoding (such as via ;\x2f\x7f), enabling a remote attack that consumes CPU and memory.

Action-Not Available
Vendor-rencode_projectn/aFedora Project
Product-fedorarencoden/a
CWE ID-CWE-835
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
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