A remote, unauthenticated attacker can trigger memory corruption in Zephyr's HTTP server WebSocket upgrade path by sending a crafted Sec-WebSocket-Key header. The HTTP/1 header parser copies the header into a fixed-size buffer using a bounded copy that does not guarantee NUL termination when the input length reaches the buffer size. During upgrade handling the buffer is copied to a local stack buffer and passed to strlen(); if no NUL exists in-bounds, strlen() reads beyond the stack buffer and subsequent concatenation with the WebSocket magic string can write out of bounds. This leads to out-of-bounds read and write on stack memory, resulting in crash (denial of service) and potentially code execution. The path is reachable when CONFIG_HTTP_SERVER_WEBSOCKET is enabled.

Possible read out of bounds in dns read. Zephyr versions >= 1.14.2, >= 2.3.0 contain Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125). For more information, see https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-mm57-9hqw-qh44

There is an error in the condition of the last if-statement in the function smp_check_keys. It was rejecting current keys if all requirements were unmet.

Possible buffer overflow in is_mount_point

Unchecked length coming from user input in settings shell

can: out of bounds in remove_rx_filter function

Possible variant of CVE-2021-3434 in function le_ecred_reconf_req.

The Zephyr MQTT parsing code performs insufficient checking of the length field on publish messages, allowing a buffer overflow and potentially remote code execution. NCC-ZEP-031 This issue affects: zephyrproject-rtos zephyr version 2.2.0 and later versions.

A malformed JSON payload that is received from an UpdateHub server may trigger memory corruption in the Zephyr OS. This could result in a denial of service in the best case, or code execution in the worst case. See NCC-NCC-016 This issue affects: zephyrproject-rtos zephyr version 2.1.0 and later versions. version 2.2.0 and later versions.

Improper Input Frame Validation in ieee802154 Processing. Zephyr versions >= v1.14.2, >= v2.2.0 contain Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121), Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122). For more information, see https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-3gvq-h42f-v3c7

In the Zephyr Project MQTT code, improper bounds checking can result in memory corruption and possibly remote code execution. NCC-ZEP-031 This issue affects: zephyrproject-rtos zephyr version 2.2.0 and later versions.

Buffer overflow in Zephyr USB DFU DNLOAD. Zephyr versions >= v2.5.0 contain Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122). For more information, see https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-c3gr-hgvr-f363

DOS: Incorrect 802154 Frame Validation for Omitted Source / Dest Addresses. Zephyr versions >= > v2.4.0 contain NULL Pointer Dereference (CWE-476), Attempt to Access Child of a Non-structure Pointer (CWE-588). For more information, see https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-94jg-2p6q-5364

Integer Underflow in 6LoWPAN IPHC Header Uncompression in Zephyr. Zephyr versions >= >=2.4.0 contain Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) (CWE-191). For more information, see https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-89j6-qpxf-pfpc

Potential buffer overflow vulnerability in the Zephyr CAN bus subsystem

Signed to unsigned conversion esp32_ipm_send

Unchecked user input length in /subsys/net/l2/wifi/wifi_shell.c can cause buffer overflows.

zephyr-rtos version 1.12.0 contains a NULL base pointer reference vulnerability in sys_ring_buf_put(), sys_ring_buf_get() that can result in CPU Page Fault (error code 0x00000010). This attack appear to be exploitable via a malicious application call the vulnerable kernel APIs (system sys_ring_buf_get() and sys_ring_buf_put).

A buffer overflow has been found in the Zephyr Project's getaddrinfo() implementation in 1.9.0 and 1.10.0.

Inconsistent handling of error cases in bluetooth hci may lead to a double free condition of a network buffer.

dns_unpack_name() caches the buffer tailroom once and reuses it while appending DNS labels. As the buffer grows, the cached size becomes incorrect, and the final null terminator can be written past the buffer. With assertions disabled (default), a malicious DNS response can trigger an out-of-bounds write when CONFIG_DNS_RESOLVER is enabled.

Potential off-by-one buffer overflow vulnerability in the Zephyr fuse file system.

Two potential buffer overflow vulnerabilities at the following locations in the Zephyr eS-WiFi driver source code.

Off-by-one buffer overflow in the sock_gets function in sockhelp.c for ATPhttpd 0.4b and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long HTTP GET request.

GateManager versions prior to 9.2c, The affected product contains a hard-coded credential for telnet, allowing an unprivileged attacker to execute commands as root.

Off-by-one error in the channel code of OpenSSH 2.0 through 3.0.2 allows local users or remote malicious servers to gain privileges.

Off-by-one buffer overflow in Basic Authentication in Acme Labs thttpd 1.95 through 2.20 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code.

Format string vulnerability in Infodrom cfingerd 1.4.3 and earlier allows a remote attacker to gain additional privileges via a malformed ident reply that is passed to the syslog function.

Crow before 1.0+4 has a heap-based buffer overflow via the function qs_parse in query_string.h. On successful exploitation this vulnerability allows attackers to remotely execute arbitrary code in the context of the vulnerable service.

UltraVNC revision 1211 has multiple off-by-one vulnerabilities in VNC server code, which can potentially result in code execution. This attack appears to be exploitable via network connectivity. These vulnerabilities have been fixed in revision 1212.

UltraVNC revision 1206 has multiple off-by-one vulnerabilities in VNC client code connected with improper usage of ClientConnection::ReadString function, which can potentially result code execution. This attack appears to be exploitable via network connectivity. These vulnerabilities have been fixed in revision 1207.

XML::Parser versions through 2.47 for Perl has an off-by-one heap buffer overflow in st_serial_stack. In the case (stackptr == stacksize - 1), the stack will NOT be expanded. Then the new value will be written at location (++stackptr), which equals stacksize and therefore falls just outside the allocated buffer. The bug can be observed when parsing an XML file with very deep element nesting

An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.3.4. fs/ksmbd/connection.c in ksmbd has an off-by-one error in memory allocation (because of ksmbd_smb2_check_message) that may lead to out-of-bounds access.

Multiple buffer overflows in Gaim 0.75 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via (1) octal encoding in yahoo_decode that causes a null byte to be written beyond the buffer, (2) octal encoding in yahoo_decode that causes a pointer to reference memory beyond the terminating null byte, (3) a quoted printable string to the gaim_quotedp_decode MIME decoder that causes a null byte to be written beyond the buffer, and (4) quoted printable encoding in gaim_quotedp_decode that causes a pointer to reference memory beyond the terminating null byte.

FastNetMon Community Edition through 1.2.9 contains an off-by-one heap-based buffer overflow in the dynamic_binary_buffer_t class (src/dynamic_binary_buffer.hpp). Five methods (append_dynamic_buffer, append_data_as_pointer, append_data_as_object_ptr, memcpy_from_ptr, memcpy_from_object_ptr) use an incorrect bounds check of the form 'if (offset + length > maximum_internal_storage_size + 1)' instead of the correct 'if (offset + length > maximum_internal_storage_size)'. This allows writing exactly one byte past the end of the heap-allocated buffer. The class is used pervasively in BGP message encoding/decoding, NetFlow template processing, and Flow Spec NLRI construction. An attacker who can send network traffic (NetFlow, sFlow, IPFIX, or BGP) to a FastNetMon instance can trigger this overflow, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution by corrupting heap metadata. Notably, the append_byte() method uses the correct bounds check, confirming the inconsistency.

Multiple off-by-one vulnerabilities in Ethereal 0.9.11 and earlier allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via the (1) AIM, (2) GIOP Gryphon, (3) OSPF, (4) PPTP, (5) Quake, (6) Quake2, (7) Quake3, (8) Rsync, (9) SMB, (10) SMPP, and (11) TSP dissectors, which do not properly use the tvb_get_nstringz and tvb_get_nstringz0 functions.

Off-by-one error in the fb_realpath() function, as derived from the realpath function in BSD, may allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, as demonstrated in wu-ftpd 2.5.0 through 2.6.2 via commands that cause pathnames of length MAXPATHLEN+1 to trigger a buffer overflow, including (1) STOR, (2) RETR, (3) APPE, (4) DELE, (5) MKD, (6) RMD, (7) STOU, or (8) RNTO.

Off-by-one error in the xlog function of mountd in the Linux NFS utils package (nfs-utils) before 1.0.4 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via certain RPC requests to mountd that do not contain newlines.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Versions prior to 7.1.2-0 and 6.9.13-26 have a heap buffer overflow in the `InterpretImageFilename` function. The issue stems from an off-by-one error that causes out-of-bounds memory access when processing format strings containing consecutive percent signs (`%%`). Versions 7.1.2-0 and 6.9.13-26 fix the issue.

An issue was discovered in GoBGP before 3.35.0. pkg/packet/rtr/rtr.go does not verify that the input length corresponds to a situation in which all bytes are available for an RTR message.

In OSSEC-HIDS 2.7 through 3.5.0, the server component responsible for log analysis (ossec-analysisd) is vulnerable to an off-by-one heap-based buffer overflow during the cleaning of crafted syslog msgs (received from authenticated remote agents and delivered to the analysisd processing queue by ossec-remoted).

An issue was discovered in Bftpd before 5.4. There is a heap-based off-by-one error during file-transfer error checking.

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the Palette box parser functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.10. A specially-crafted file can lead to code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.

Contiki-NG is an operating system for Internet of Things devices. An off-by-one error can be triggered in the Antelope database management system in the Contiki-NG operating system in versions 4.8 and prior. The problem exists in the Contiki File System (CFS) backend for the storage of data (file os/storage/antelope/storage-cfs.c). In the functions `storage_get_index` and `storage_put_index`, a buffer for merging two strings is allocated with one byte less than the maximum size of the merged strings, causing subsequent function calls to the cfs_open function to read from memory beyond the buffer size. The vulnerability has been patched in the "develop" branch of Contiki-NG, and is expected to be included in the next release. As a workaround, the problem can be fixed by applying the patch in Contiki-NG pull request #2425.

In mjs_json.c in Cesanta MongooseOS mJS 1.26, a maliciously formed JSON string can trigger an off-by-one heap-based buffer overflow in mjs_json_parse, which can potentially lead to redirection of control flow. NOTE: the original reporter disputes the significance of this finding because "there isn’t very much of an opportunity to exploit this reliably for an information leak, so there isn’t any real security impact."

Netatalk before 3.2.1 has an off-by-one error and resultant heap-based buffer overflow because of setting ibuf[len] to '\0' in FPMapName in afp_mapname in etc/afpd/directory.c. 2.4.1 and 3.1.19 are also fixed versions.

In Memcached before 1.6.22, an off-by-one error exists when processing proxy requests in proxy mode, if \n is used instead of \r\n.

GateManager versions prior to 9.2c, The affected product is vulnerable to an off-by-one error, which may allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code or cause a denial-of-service condition.

A Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in Kamailio before 4.4.7, 5.0.x before 5.0.6, and 5.1.x before 5.1.2. A specially crafted REGISTER message with a malformed branch or From tag triggers an off-by-one heap-based buffer overflow in the tmx_check_pretran function in modules/tmx/tmx_pretran.c.

An issue was discovered in libX11 through 1.6.5. The function XListExtensions in ListExt.c is vulnerable to an off-by-one error caused by malicious server responses, leading to DoS or possibly unspecified other impact.