In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: watchdog: Fix possible use-after-free in wdt_startup() This module's remove path calls del_timer(). However, that function does not wait until the timer handler finishes. This means that the timer handler may still be running after the driver's remove function has finished, which would result in a use-after-free. Fix by calling del_timer_sync(), which makes sure the timer handler has finished, and unable to re-schedule itself.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smack: tcp: ipv4, fix incorrect labeling Currently, Smack mirrors the label of incoming tcp/ipv4 connections: when a label 'foo' connects to a label 'bar' with tcp/ipv4, 'foo' always gets 'foo' in returned ipv4 packets. So, 1) returned packets are incorrectly labeled ('foo' instead of 'bar') 2) 'bar' can write to 'foo' without being authorized to write. Here is a scenario how to see this: * Take two machines, let's call them C and S, with active Smack in the default state (no settings, no rules, no labeled hosts, only builtin labels) * At S, add Smack rule 'foo bar w' (labels 'foo' and 'bar' are instantiated at S at this moment) * At S, at label 'bar', launch a program that listens for incoming tcp/ipv4 connections * From C, at label 'foo', connect to the listener at S. (label 'foo' is instantiated at C at this moment) Connection succeedes and works. * Send some data in both directions. * Collect network traffic of this connection. All packets in both directions are labeled with the CIPSO of the label 'foo'. Hence, label 'bar' writes to 'foo' without being authorized, and even without ever being known at C. If anybody cares: exactly the same happens with DCCP. This behavior 1st manifested in release 2.6.29.4 (see Fixes below) and it looks unintentional. At least, no explanation was provided. I changed returned packes label into the 'bar', to bring it into line with the Smack documentation claims.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath12k: fix invalid memory access while processing fragmented packets The monitor ring and the reo reinject ring share the same ring mask index. When the driver receives an interrupt for the reo reinject ring, the monitor ring is also processed, leading to invalid memory access. Since monitor support is not yet enabled in ath12k, the ring mask for the monitor ring should be removed. Tested-on: QCN9274 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.WBE.1.1.1-00209-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-1

Rocket Software UniData versions prior to 8.2.4 build 3003 and UniVerse versions prior to 11.3.5 build 1001 or 12.2.1 build 2002 suffer from a buffer overflow in an API function, where a string is copied into a caller-provided buffer without checking the length. This requires a valid login to exploit.

Rocket Software UniData versions prior to 8.2.4 build 3003 and UniVerse versions prior to 11.3.5 build 1001 or 12.2.1 build 2002 suffer from a heap-based overflow vulnerability, where certain input can corrupt the heap and crash the forked process.

IBM Aspera Faspex 4.4.2 is vulnerable to an XML external entity injection (XXE) attack when processing XML data. A remote authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands. IBM X-Force ID: 249845.

IBM Db2 JDBC Driver for Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows 10.5, 11.1, and 11.5 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by an unchecked logger injection. By sending a specially crafted request using the named traceFile property, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 249517.

IBM OpenPages with Watson 8.1 and 8.2 could allow an authenticated user to upload a file that could execute arbitrary code on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 207633.

IBM WebSphere Application Server 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0 is vulnerable to a privilege escalation vulnerability when using the SAML Web Inbound Trust Association Interceptor (TAI). IBM X-Force ID: 202006.

IBM Security Guardium 11.5 could allow a user to take over another user's session due to insufficient session expiration. IBM X-Force ID: 243657.

In Progress Chef Automate, versions earlier than 4.13.295, on Linux x86 platform, an authenticated attacker can gain access to Chef Automate restricted functionality in the compliance service via improperly neutralized inputs used in an SQL command using a well-known token.

VMware Cloud Director 10.0.x before 10.0.0.2, 9.7.0.x before 9.7.0.5, 9.5.0.x before 9.5.0.6, and 9.1.0.x before 9.1.0.4 do not properly handle input leading to a code injection vulnerability. An authenticated actor may be able to send malicious traffic to VMware Cloud Director which may lead to arbitrary remote code execution. This vulnerability can be exploited through the HTML5- and Flex-based UIs, the API Explorer interface and API access.

IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition 5.2.0.0 through 5.2.6.5_2, 6.0.0.0 through 6.0.3.2, and 6.1.0.0 could allow an authenticated user to create a privileged account due to improper access controls. IBM X-Force ID: 188896.

IBM Security Guardium 11.2 could allow an authenticated user to gain root access due to improper access control. IBM X-Force ID: 192028.

IBM QRadar 7.3.0 to 7.3.3 Patch 2 could allow a remote attacker to include arbitrary files. A remote attacker could send a specially-crafted request specify a malicious file from a remote system, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the vulnerable server. IBM X-ForceID: 175898.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: core: Fix NULL module pointer assignment at card init The commit 81033c6b584b ("ALSA: core: Warn on empty module") introduced a WARN_ON() for a NULL module pointer passed at snd_card object creation, and it also wraps the code around it with '#ifdef MODULE'. This works in most cases, but the devils are always in details. "MODULE" is defined when the target code (i.e. the sound core) is built as a module; but this doesn't mean that the caller is also built-in or not. Namely, when only the sound core is built-in (CONFIG_SND=y) while the driver is a module (CONFIG_SND_USB_AUDIO=m), the passed module pointer is ignored even if it's non-NULL, and card->module remains as NULL. This would result in the missing module reference up/down at the device open/close, leading to a race with the code execution after the module removal. For addressing the bug, move the assignment of card->module again out of ifdef. The WARN_ON() is still wrapped with ifdef because the module can be really NULL when all sound drivers are built-in. Note that we keep 'ifdef MODULE' for WARN_ON(), otherwise it would lead to a false-positive NULL module check. Admittedly it won't catch perfectly, i.e. no check is performed when CONFIG_SND=y. But, it's no real problem as it's only for debugging, and the condition is pretty rare.

IBM Security Guardium 10.6 and 11.2 is vulnerable to SQL injection. A remote attacker could send specially crafted SQL statements, which could allow the attacker to view, add, modify or delete information in the back-end database. IBM X-Force ID: 191398.

The VeloCloud Orchestrator does not apply correct input validation which allows for blind SQL-injection. A malicious actor with tenant access to Velocloud Orchestrator could enter specially crafted SQL queries and obtain data to which they are not privileged.

IBM QRadar SIEM 7.3 and 7.4 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the system, caused by insecure deserialization of user-supplied content by the Java deserialization function. By sending a malicious serialized Java object, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 176140.

An issue was discovered in ksmbd in the Linux kernel 5.15 through 5.19 before 5.19.2. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in set_ntacl_dacl, related to use of SMB2_QUERY_INFO_HE after a malformed SMB2_SET_INFO_HE command.

Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key vulnerability in Broadcom DX NetOps Spectrum on Windows, Linux allows Privilege Escalation.This issue affects DX NetOps Spectrum: 24.3.10 and earlier.

The Java Admin Console in Veritas NetBackup through 10.1 and related Veritas products on Linux and UNIX allows authenticated non-root users (that have been explicitly added to the auth.conf file) to execute arbitrary commands as root.

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Broadcom DX NetOps Spectrum on Windows, Linux allows Object Injection.This issue affects DX NetOps Spectrum: 24.3.13 and earlier.

In Progress Chef Automate, versions earlier than 4.13.295, on Linux x86 platform, an authenticated attacker can gain access to Chef Automate restricted functionality in multiple services via improperly neutralized inputs used in an SQL command.

A Local File Inclusion vulnerability has been found in Axiell Iguana CMS. Due to insufficient neutralisation of user input on the url parameter on the Proxy.type.php endpoint, external users are capable of accessing files on the server.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mlxsw: spectrum_acl_tcam: Fix possible use-after-free during rehash The rehash delayed work migrates filters from one region to another according to the number of available credits. The migrated from region is destroyed at the end of the work if the number of credits is non-negative as the assumption is that this is indicative of migration being complete. This assumption is incorrect as a non-negative number of credits can also be the result of a failed migration. The destruction of a region that still has filters referencing it can result in a use-after-free [1]. Fix by not destroying the region if migration failed. [1] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in mlxsw_sp_acl_ctcam_region_entry_remove+0x21d/0x230 Read of size 8 at addr ffff8881735319e8 by task kworker/0:31/3858 CPU: 0 PID: 3858 Comm: kworker/0:31 Tainted: G W 6.9.0-rc2-custom-00782-gf2275c2157d8 #5 Hardware name: Mellanox Technologies Ltd. MSN3700/VMOD0005, BIOS 5.11 01/06/2019 Workqueue: mlxsw_core mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_vregion_rehash_work Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0xc6/0x120 print_report+0xce/0x670 kasan_report+0xd7/0x110 mlxsw_sp_acl_ctcam_region_entry_remove+0x21d/0x230 mlxsw_sp_acl_ctcam_entry_del+0x2e/0x70 mlxsw_sp_acl_atcam_entry_del+0x81/0x210 mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_vchunk_migrate_all+0x3cd/0xb50 mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_vregion_rehash_work+0x157/0x1300 process_one_work+0x8eb/0x19b0 worker_thread+0x6c9/0xf70 kthread+0x2c9/0x3b0 ret_from_fork+0x4d/0x80 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 </TASK> Allocated by task 174: kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60 kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30 __kasan_kmalloc+0x8f/0xa0 __kmalloc+0x19c/0x360 mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_region_create+0xdf/0x9c0 mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_vregion_rehash_work+0x954/0x1300 process_one_work+0x8eb/0x19b0 worker_thread+0x6c9/0xf70 kthread+0x2c9/0x3b0 ret_from_fork+0x4d/0x80 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 Freed by task 7: kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60 kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30 kasan_save_free_info+0x3b/0x60 poison_slab_object+0x102/0x170 __kasan_slab_free+0x14/0x30 kfree+0xc1/0x290 mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_region_destroy+0x272/0x310 mlxsw_sp_acl_tcam_vregion_rehash_work+0x731/0x1300 process_one_work+0x8eb/0x19b0 worker_thread+0x6c9/0xf70 kthread+0x2c9/0x3b0 ret_from_fork+0x4d/0x80 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30

OpenPLC ScadaBR through 0.9.1 on Linux and through 1.12.4 on Windows allows remote authenticated users to upload and execute arbitrary JSP files via view_edit.shtm.

A race condition was identified through which privilege escalation was possible in certain configurations.

Fault Injection vulnerability in wc_ed25519_sign_msg function in wolfssl/wolfcrypt/src/ed25519.c in WolfSSL wolfssl5.6.6 on Linux/Windows allows remote attacker co-resides in the same system with a victim process to disclose information and escalate privileges via Rowhammer fault injection to the ed25519_key structure.

IBM Cloud Pak for Multicloud Management Monitoring 2.0 and 2.3 allows users without admin roles access to admin functions by specifying direct URL paths. IBM X-Force ID: 238210.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: kprobes: Fix possible use-after-free issue on kprobe registration When unloading a module, its state is changing MODULE_STATE_LIVE -> MODULE_STATE_GOING -> MODULE_STATE_UNFORMED. Each change will take a time. `is_module_text_address()` and `__module_text_address()` works with MODULE_STATE_LIVE and MODULE_STATE_GOING. If we use `is_module_text_address()` and `__module_text_address()` separately, there is a chance that the first one is succeeded but the next one is failed because module->state becomes MODULE_STATE_UNFORMED between those operations. In `check_kprobe_address_safe()`, if the second `__module_text_address()` is failed, that is ignored because it expected a kernel_text address. But it may have failed simply because module->state has been changed to MODULE_STATE_UNFORMED. In this case, arm_kprobe() will try to modify non-exist module text address (use-after-free). To fix this problem, we should not use separated `is_module_text_address()` and `__module_text_address()`, but use only `__module_text_address()` once and do `try_module_get(module)` which is only available with MODULE_STATE_LIVE.

IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition 6.0.0.0 through 6.0.3.7 and 6.1.0.0 through 6.1.2.0 could allow an authenticated user to perform unauthorized actions due to improper access controls. IBM X-Force ID: 235533.

IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition 6.1.0.0 through 6.1.1.1, and 6.1.2.0 could allow an authenticated user to perform actions they should not have access to due to improper permission controls. IBM X-Force ID: 235597.

IBM Cloud Pak for Security (CP4S) 1.10.0.0 through 1.10.2.0 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the system by sending a specially crafted request. IBM X-Force ID: 233786.

Fault Injection vulnerability in RsaPrivateDecryption function in wolfssl/wolfcrypt/src/rsa.c in WolfSSL wolfssl5.6.6 on Linux/Windows allows remote attacker co-resides in the same system with a victim process to disclose information and escalate privileges via Rowhammer fault injection to the RsaKey structure.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: udp: do not accept non-tunnel GSO skbs landing in a tunnel When rx-udp-gro-forwarding is enabled UDP packets might be GROed when being forwarded. If such packets might land in a tunnel this can cause various issues and udp_gro_receive makes sure this isn't the case by looking for a matching socket. This is performed in udp4/6_gro_lookup_skb but only in the current netns. This is an issue with tunneled packets when the endpoint is in another netns. In such cases the packets will be GROed at the UDP level, which leads to various issues later on. The same thing can happen with rx-gro-list. We saw this with geneve packets being GROed at the UDP level. In such case gso_size is set; later the packet goes through the geneve rx path, the geneve header is pulled, the offset are adjusted and frag_list skbs are not adjusted with regard to geneve. When those skbs hit skb_fragment, it will misbehave. Different outcomes are possible depending on what the GROed skbs look like; from corrupted packets to kernel crashes. One example is a BUG_ON[1] triggered in skb_segment while processing the frag_list. Because gso_size is wrong (geneve header was pulled) skb_segment thinks there is "geneve header size" of data in frag_list, although it's in fact the next packet. The BUG_ON itself has nothing to do with the issue. This is only one of the potential issues. Looking up for a matching socket in udp_gro_receive is fragile: the lookup could be extended to all netns (not speaking about performances) but nothing prevents those packets from being modified in between and we could still not find a matching socket. It's OK to keep the current logic there as it should cover most cases but we also need to make sure we handle tunnel packets being GROed too early. This is done by extending the checks in udp_unexpected_gso: GSO packets lacking the SKB_GSO_UDP_TUNNEL/_CSUM bits and landing in a tunnel must be segmented. [1] kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:4408! RIP: 0010:skb_segment+0xd2a/0xf70 __udp_gso_segment+0xaa/0x560

The optional ShellUserGroupProvider in Apache NiFi 1.10.0 to 1.16.2 and Apache NiFi Registry 0.6.0 to 1.16.2 does not neutralize arguments for group resolution commands, allowing injection of operating system commands on Linux and macOS platforms. The ShellUserGroupProvider is not included in the default configuration. Command injection requires ShellUserGroupProvider to be one of the enabled User Group Providers in the Authorizers configuration. Command injection also requires an authenticated user with elevated privileges. Apache NiFi requires an authenticated user with authorization to modify access policies in order to execute the command. Apache NiFi Registry requires an authenticated user with authorization to read user groups in order to execute the command. The resolution removes command formatting based on user-provided arguments.

In drivers/usb/gadget/udc/udc-xilinx.c in the Linux kernel before 5.16.12, the endpoint index is not validated and might be manipulated by the host for out-of-array access.

This vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to execute remote commands with improper validation of parameters of certain API constructors. Remote attackers could use this vulnerability to execute malicious commands such as directory traversal.

IBM Spectrum Protect Plus Container Backup and Restore (10.1.5 through 10.1.10.2 for Kubernetes and 10.1.7 through 10.1.10.2 for Red Hat OpenShift) could allow a remote attacker to bypass IBM Spectrum Protect Plus role based access control restrictions, caused by improper disclosure of session information. By retrieving the logs of a container an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to bypass login security of the IBM Spectrum Protect Plus server and gain unauthorized access based on the permissions of the IBM Spectrum Protect Plus user to the vulnerable Spectrum Protect Plus server software. IBM X-Force ID: 225340.

The IBM Spectrum Protect 8.1.14.000 server could allow a remote attacker to bypass security restrictions, caused by improper enforcement of access controls. By signing in, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to bypass security and gain unauthorized administrator or node access to the vulnerable server.

A stack overflow flaw was found in the Linux kernel's TIPC protocol functionality in the way a user sends a packet with malicious content where the number of domain member nodes is higher than the 64 allowed. This flaw allows a remote user to crash the system or possibly escalate their privileges if they have access to the TIPC network.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: watchdog: sc520_wdt: Fix possible use-after-free in wdt_turnoff() This module's remove path calls del_timer(). However, that function does not wait until the timer handler finishes. This means that the timer handler may still be running after the driver's remove function has finished, which would result in a use-after-free. Fix by calling del_timer_sync(), which makes sure the timer handler has finished, and unable to re-schedule itself.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath11k: fix dfs radar event locking The ath11k active pdevs are protected by RCU but the DFS radar event handling code calling ath11k_mac_get_ar_by_pdev_id() was not marked as a read-side critical section. Mark the code in question as an RCU read-side critical section to avoid any potential use-after-free issues. Compile tested only.

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Linux contains a vulnerability where a user can set the logging location to an arbitrary file. If this file exists, logs are appended to the file. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, denial of service, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.

A use-after-free vulnerability was found in drivers/nvme/target/tcp.c` in `nvmet_tcp_free_crypto` due to a logical bug in the NVMe/TCP subsystem in the Linux kernel. This issue may allow a malicious user to cause a use-after-free and double-free problem, which may permit remote code execution or lead to local privilege escalation.

Commvault Web Server has an unspecified vulnerability that can be exploited by a remote, authenticated attacker. According to the Commvault advisory: "Webservers can be compromised through bad actors creating and executing webshells." Fixed in version 11.36.46, 11.32.89, 11.28.141, and 11.20.217 for Windows and Linux platforms. This vulnerability was added to the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog on 2025-04-28.

IBM webMethods Integration Server 10.5, 10.7, 10.11, and 10.15 is vulnerable to an XML external entity injection (XXE) attack when processing XML data. A remote authenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands.

IBM Security Guardium Key Lifecycle Manager 4.3 could allow an authenticated user to upload files of a dangerous file type. IBM X-Force ID: 271341.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in OpenText AppBuilder on Windows, Linux allows OS Command Injection. The AppBuilder's Scheduler functionality that facilitates creation of scheduled tasks is vulnerable to command injection. This allows authenticated users to inject arbitrary operating system commands into the executing process. This issue affects AppBuilder: from 21.2 before 23.2.