TDengine is a time-series database optimized for Internet of Things devices. Prior to 3.4.1.15, source/libs/transport/src/transComm.c transDecompressMsg() read STransCompMsg.contLen when pHead->comp == 1 without first validating that the RPC packet contained the 8-byte STransCompMsg structure, causing an unauthenticated out-of-bounds read, uncontrolled allocation, integer underflow, and server crash. This issue is fixed in version 3.4.1.15.

AIS-catcher is a multi-platform AIS receiver. Prior to version 0.64, an integer underflow vulnerability exists in the MQTT parsing logic of AIS-catcher. This vulnerability allows an attacker to trigger a massive Heap Buffer Overflow by sending a malformed MQTT packet with a manipulated Topic Length field. This leads to an immediate Denial of Service (DoS) and, when used as a library, severe Memory Corruption that can be leveraged for Remote Code Execution (RCE). This issue has been patched in version 0.64.

An integer underflow was discovered in userdisk/vport_lldpd in Moxa Camera VPort 06EC-2V Series, version 1.1, improper validation of the PortID TLV leads to Denial of Service via a crafted lldp packet.

Improper validation of the ChassisID TLV in userdisk/vport_lldpd in Moxa Camera VPort 06EC-2V Series, version 1.1, allows attackers to cause a denial of service due to a negative number passed to the memcpy function via a crafted lldp packet.

Xcitium Client Security (XCS) before 13.8.2.10019 and Comodo Internet Security (CIS) through 12.3.4.8162 (fix expected by 2026 Q3) contain an integer underflow vulnerability in the firewall driver Inspect.sys that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the system by sending a crafted IPv6 packet with a declared payload length smaller than the sum of its extension-header lengths. The unsigned 64-bit payload-length value underflows to a near-maximal integer, triggering an out-of-bounds read and oversized memcpy in the Windows kernel at DISPATCH_LEVEL, resulting in a blue screen of death even on hosts with all ports blocked.

An issue was discovered in dec_patch_dictionary.cc in libjxl before 0.8.2. An integer underflow in patch decoding can lead to a denial of service, such as an infinite loop.

An exploitable denial of service vulnerability exists in the freeDiameter functionality of freeDiameter 1.3.2. A specially crafted Diameter request can trigger a memory corruption resulting in denial-of-service. An attacker can send a malicious packet to trigger this vulnerability.

A flaw was found in GLib. A state confusion issue exists in g_dbus_node_info_new_for_xml() in the gio/gdbusintrospection.c file when processing malformed D-Bus introspection XML, specifically with a <node> element nested within other elements like <method>, <signal>, <property> or <arg>. This issue can cause an unsigned integer overflow and lead to an out-of-bounds read, resulting in a denial of service.

An integer underflow was discovered in OpenLDAP before 2.4.57 leading to slapd crashes in the Certificate Exact Assertion processing, resulting in denial of service (schema_init.c serialNumberAndIssuerCheck).

A flaw was found in the soup_multipart_new_from_message() function of the libsoup HTTP library, which is commonly used by GNOME and other applications to handle web communications. The issue occurs when the library processes specially crafted multipart messages. Due to improper validation, an internal calculation can go wrong, leading to an integer underflow. This can cause the program to access invalid memory and crash. As a result, any application or server using libsoup could be forced to exit unexpectedly, creating a denial-of-service (DoS) risk.

MaraDNS is open-source software that implements the Domain Name System (DNS). In version 3.5.0024 and prior, a remotely exploitable integer underflow vulnerability in the DNS packet decompression function allows an attacker to cause a Denial of Service by triggering an abnormal program termination. The vulnerability exists in the `decomp_get_rddata` function within the `Decompress.c` file. When handling a DNS packet with an Answer RR of qtype 16 (TXT record) and any qclass, if the `rdlength` is smaller than `rdata`, the result of the line `Decompress.c:886` is a negative number `len = rdlength - total;`. This value is then passed to the `decomp_append_bytes` function without proper validation, causing the program to attempt to allocate a massive chunk of memory that is impossible to allocate. Consequently, the program exits with an error code of 64, causing a Denial of Service. One proposed fix for this vulnerability is to patch `Decompress.c:887` by breaking `if(len <= 0)`, which has been incorporated in version 3.5.0036 via commit bab062bde40b2ae8a91eecd522e84d8b993bab58.

A vulnerability was determined in osrg GoBGP up to 4.3.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function parseRibEntry of the file pkg/packet/mrt/mrt.go. Executing a manipulation can lead to integer underflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 4.4.0 addresses this issue. This patch is called 76d911046344a3923cbe573364197aa081944592. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.

An issue was discovered in Contiki-NG through 4.3 and Contiki through 3.0. A buffer overflow is present due to an integer underflow during 6LoWPAN fragment processing in the face of truncated fragments in os/net/ipv6/sicslowpan.c. This results in accesses of unmapped memory, crashing the application. An attacker can cause a denial-of-service via a crafted 6LoWPAN frame.

An integer underflow in dsi_writeinit() in Netatalk 1.5.0 through 4.4.2 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted DSI write request.

In NetX HTTP server functionality of Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo before version 6.4.2, an attacker can cause an integer underflow and a subsequent denial of service by writing a very large file, by specially crafted packets with Content-Length in one packet smaller than the data request size of the other packet. A possible workaround is to disable HTTP PUT support.

ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. From 3.0.0 to before 3.0.15, there is an unhandled exception (std::out_of_range) caused by unsigned integer underflow in libmodsecurity3 if the user (administrator) uses a rule any of @verifySSN, @verifyCPF, or @verifySVNR. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.15.

An exploitable denial-of-service vulnerability exists in ServiceAgent functionality of the Moxa AWK-3131A, firmware version 1.13. A specially crafted packet can cause an integer underflow, triggering a large memcpy that will access unmapped or out-of-bounds memory. An attacker can send this packet while unauthenticated to trigger this vulnerability.

FlexRIC v2.0.0 uses a uint16_t counter for xapp_id assignment but stores the value in uint32_t message fields. After 65,530+ E42_SETUP_REQUESTs, the 16-bit counter wraps around and produces duplicate xapp_ids. The iApp (port 36422) crashes when attempting to register a duplicate ID in its internal data structure. A remote attacker can trigger this by repeatedly connecting and requesting new xApp registrations.

Computing the MD5 checksum of a malformed BSON object under specific conditions may cause loss of availability in MongoDB server. This issue affects all MongoDB Server v8.2 versions, all MongoDB Server v8.1 versions, MongoDB Server v8.0 versions prior to 8.0.21, MongoDB Server v7.0 versions prior to 7.0.32

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tipc: fix bc_ackers underflow on duplicate GRP_ACK_MSG The GRP_ACK_MSG handler in tipc_group_proto_rcv() currently decrements bc_ackers on every inbound group ACK, even when the same member has already acknowledged the current broadcast round. Because bc_ackers is a u16, a duplicate ACK received after the last legitimate ACK wraps the counter to 65535. Once wrapped, tipc_group_bc_cong() keeps reporting congestion and later group broadcasts on the affected socket stay blocked until the group is recreated. Fix this by ignoring duplicate or stale ACKs before touching bc_acked or bc_ackers. This makes repeated GRP_ACK_MSG handling idempotent and prevents the underflow path.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/x25: Fix overflow when accumulating packets Add a check to ensure that `x25_sock.fraglen` does not overflow. The `fraglen` also needs to be resetted when purging `fragment_queue` in `x25_clear_queues()`.

A flaw in GnuTLS DTLS handshake parsing allows malformed fragments with zero length and non-zero offset, leading to an integer underflow during reassembly and resulting in an out-of-bounds read. This issue is remotely exploitable and may cause information disclosure or denial of service.

nimiq/core-rs-albatross is a Rust implementation of the Nimiq Proof-of-Stake protocol based on the Albatross consensus algorithm. Prior to version 1.3.0, the discovery handler accepts a peer-controlled limit during handshake and stores it unchanged. The immediate HandshakeAck path then honors limit = 0 and returns zero contacts, which makes the session look benign. Later, after the same session reaches Established, the periodic update path computes self.peer_list_limit.unwrap() as usize - 1. With limit = 0, that wraps to usize::MAX and then in rand 0.9.2, choose_multiple() immediately attempts Vec::with_capacity(amount), which deterministically panics with capacity overflow. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.0.

Lexbor is a web browser engine library. Prior to 2.7.0, the ISO‑2022‑JP encoder in Lexbor fails to reset the temporary size variable between iterations. The statement ctx->buffer_used -= size with a stale size = 3 causes an integer underflow that wraps to SIZE_MAX. Afterwards, memcpy is called with a negative length, leading to an out‑of‑bounds read from the stack and an out‑of‑bounds write to the heap. The source data is partially controllable via the contents of the DOM tree. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.0.

In MIT Kerberos 5 (aka krb5) before 1.22.3, there is an integer underflow and resultant out-of-bounds read if an application calls gss_accept_sec_context() on a system with a NegoEx mechanism registered in /etc/gss/mech. An unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger this, possibly causing the process to terminate in parse_message.

strongSwan versions 4.5.0 prior to 6.0.5 contain an integer underflow vulnerability in the EAP-TTLS AVP parser that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to cause a denial of service by sending crafted AVP data with invalid length fields during IKEv2 authentication. Attackers can exploit the failure to validate AVP length fields before subtraction to trigger excessive memory allocation or NULL pointer dereference, crashing the charon IKE daemon.

An integer underflow in FRRouting (FRR) stable/10.0 to stable/10.6 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted BGP UPDATE message.

The GIF parser in ateimg32.dll in AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) 5.9.3797 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a malformed buddy icon that causes an integer underflow in a loop counter variable.

U-Boot through 2026.04-rc3 contains an integer underflow vulnerability in the tcp_rx_state_machine() function (net/tcp.c) that allows a network-adjacent attacker to crash the bootloader by sending a malformed TCP SYN+ACK packet with a manipulated data offset field causing payload_len to become negative. When the TCP_SYN_SENT handler calls tcp_rx_user_data() without invoking tcp_seg_in_wnd() validation, the negative payload_len is implicitly converted to a large unsigned integer (e.g., 0xFFFFFFD8) and passed to memcpy() in store_block(), causing an immediate crash that prevents device boot and may enable memory corruption when CONFIG_LMB is disabled.

Exiv2 is a C++ library and a command-line utility to read, write, delete and modify Exif, IPTC, XMP and ICC image metadata. Prior to version 0.28.8, an out-of-bounds read was found in Exiv2. The vulnerability is in the preview component, which is only triggered when running Exiv2 with an extra command line argument, like -pp. The out-of-bounds read is at a 4GB offset, which usually causes Exiv2 to crash. This issue has been patched in version 0.28.8.

An integer underflow in the SMB server of MikroTik RouterOS before 6.45.5 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the service.

Suricata is a network Intrusion Detection System, Intrusion Prevention System and Network Security Monitoring engine. Prior to 7.0.8, a specially crafted TCP stream can lead to a very large buffer overflow while being zero-filled during initialization with memset due to an unsigned integer underflow. The issue has been addressed in Suricata 7.0.8.

An integer underflow was discovered in Fort 1.6.3 and 1.6.4 before 1.6.5. A malicious RPKI repository that descends from a (trusted) Trust Anchor can serve (via rsync or RRDP) a Manifest RPKI object containing an empty fileList. Fort dereferences (and, shortly afterwards, writes to) this array during a shuffle attempt, before the validation that would normally reject it when empty. This out-of-bounds access is caused by an integer underflow that causes the surrounding loop to iterate infinitely. Because the product is permanently stuck attempting to overshuffle an array that doesn't actually exist, a crash is nearly guaranteed.

An integer underflow vulnerability exists in the HTTP server PUT request functionality of STMicroelectronics X-CUBE-AZRTOS-WL 2.0.0. A specially crafted series of network requests can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of malicious packets to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability affects the NetX Duo Web Component HTTP Server implementation which can be found in x-cube-azrtos-f7\Middlewares\ST\netxduo\addons\web\nx_web_http_server.c

An integer underflow vulnerability exists in the HTTP server PUT request functionality of STMicroelectronics X-CUBE-AZRTOS-WL 2.0.0. A specially crafted series of network requests can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a sequence of malicious packets to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability affects the NetX Duo Component HTTP Server implementation which can be found in x-cube-azrtos-f7\Middlewares\ST\netxduo\addons\http\nxd_http_server.c

An integer underflow vulnerability exists in the HTTP server PUT request functionality of STMicroelectronics X-CUBE-AZRTOS-WL 2.0.0. A specially crafted network packet can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a malicious packet to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability affects the NetX Duo Web Component HTTP Server implementation which can be found in x-cube-azrtos-f7\Middlewares\ST\netxduo\addons\web\nx_web_http_server.c

An integer underflow vulnerability exists in the HTTP server PUT request functionality of STMicroelectronics X-CUBE-AZRTOS-WL 2.0.0. A specially crafted network packet can lead to denial of service. An attacker can send a malicious packet to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability affects the NetX Duo Component HTTP Server implementation which can be found in x-cube-azrtos-f7\Middlewares\ST\netxduo\addons\http\nxd_http_server.c

GStreamer is a library for constructing graphs of media-handling components. An integer underflow has been detected in qtdemux_parse_trak function within qtdemux.c. During the strf parsing case, the subtraction size -= 40 can lead to a negative integer overflow if it is less than 40. If this happens, the subsequent call to gst_buffer_fill will invoke memcpy with a large tocopy size, resulting in an OOB-read. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.24.10.

GStreamer is a library for constructing graphs of media-handling components. An integer underflow has been detected in extract_cc_from_data function within qtdemux.c. In the FOURCC_c708 case, the subtraction atom_length - 8 may result in an underflow if atom_length is less than 8. When that subtraction underflows, *cclen ends up being a large number, and then cclen is passed to g_memdup2 leading to an out-of-bounds (OOB) read. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.24.10.

A vulnerability has been found in xmedcon 0.25.0 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function malloc of the component DICOM File Handler. The manipulation leads to integer underflow. The attack can be launched remotely. Upgrading to version 0.25.1 is able to address this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.

Integer underflow in the dccp_parse_options function (net/dccp/options.c) in the Linux kernel before 2.6.33.14 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) packet with an invalid feature options length, which triggers a buffer over-read.

An integer underflow vulnerability exists in the `nextstate()` function in `gpsd/packet.c` of gpsd versions prior to commit `ffa1d6f40bca0b035fc7f5e563160ebb67199da7`. When parsing a NAVCOM packet, the payload length is calculated using `lexer->length = (size_t)c - 4` without checking if the input byte `c` is less than 4. This results in an unsigned integer underflow, setting `lexer->length` to a very large value (near `SIZE_MAX`). The parser then enters a loop attempting to consume this massive number of bytes, causing 100% CPU utilization and a Denial of Service (DoS) condition.

Integer underflow in the firewall logging rules for iptables in Linux before 2.6.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a malformed IP packet.

Multiple vulnerabilities exist in cbor2 through version 5.7.0 in the decode_definite_long_string() function of the C extension decoder (source/decoder.c): (1) Integer Underflow Leading to Out-of-Bounds Read (CWE-191, CWE-125): An incorrect variable reference and missing state reset in the chunk processing loop causes buffer_length to not be reset to zero after UTF-8 character consumption. This results in subsequent chunk_length calculations producing negative values (e.g., chunk_length = 65536 - buffer_length), which are passed as signed integers to the read() method, potentially triggering unlimited read operations and resource exhaustion. (2) Memory Leak via Missing Reference Count Release (CWE-401): The main processing loop fails to release Python object references (Py_DECREF) for chunk objects allocated in each iteration. For CBOR strings longer than 65536 bytes, this causes cumulative memory leaks proportional to the payload size, enabling memory exhaustion attacks through repeated processing of large CBOR payloads. Both vulnerabilities can be exploited remotely without authentication by sending specially-crafted CBOR data containing definite-length text strings with multi-byte UTF-8 characters positioned at 65536-byte chunk boundaries. Successful exploitation results in denial of service through process crashes (CBORDecodeEOF exceptions) or memory exhaustion. The vulnerabilities affect all applications using cbor2's C extension to process untrusted CBOR data, including web APIs, IoT data collectors, and message queue processors. Fixed in commit 851473490281f82d82560b2368284ef33cf6e8f9 pushed with released version 5.7.1.

In NetX HTTP server functionality of Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo before version 6.4.3, an attacker can cause an integer underflow and a subsequent denial of service by writing a very large file, by specially crafted packets with Content-Length in one packet smaller than the data request size of the other packet. A possible workaround is to disable HTTP PUT support. This issue follows an incomplete fix of CVE-2025-0727

RIOT-OS, an operating system for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, contains a network stack with the ability to process 6LoWPAN frames. Prior to version 2023.04, an attacker can send a crafted frame to the device resulting in an integer underflow and out of bounds access in the packet buffer. Triggering the access at the right time will corrupt other packets or the allocator metadata. Corrupting a pointer will lead to denial of service. This issue is fixed in version 2023.04. As a workaround, disable SRH in the network stack.

In NetX Duo component HTTP server functionality of Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo before version 6.4.3, an attacker can cause an integer underflow and a subsequent denial of service by writing a very large file, by specially crafted packets with Content-Length smaller than the data request size. A possible workaround is to disable HTTP PUT support. This issue follows an uncomplete fix in CVE-2025-0728.

RIOT-OS, an operating system that supports Internet of Things devices, contains a network stack with the ability to process 6LoWPAN frames. An attacker can send a crafted frame to the device resulting in a large out of bounds write beyond the packet buffer. The write will create a hard fault exception after reaching the last page of RAM. The hard fault is not handled and the system will be stuck until reset. Thus the impact is denial of service. Version 2022.10 fixes this issue. As a workaround, apply the patch manually.

RIOT-OS, an operating system that supports Internet of Things devices, contains a network stack with the ability to process 6LoWPAN frames. Prior to version 2022.10, an attacker can send a crafted frame to the device resulting in a large out of bounds write beyond the packet buffer. The write will create a hard fault exception after reaching the last page of RAM. The hard fault is not handled and the system will be stuck until reset, thus the impact is denial of service. Version 2022.10 fixes this issue. As a workaround, disable support for fragmented IP datagrams or apply the patches manually.

Windows iSCSI Service Denial of Service Vulnerability