Out-of-bounds Write resulting in possible Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability was discovered in tools/bdf-converter font conversion utility that is part of Apache NuttX RTOS repository. This standalone program is optional and neither part of NuttX RTOS nor Applications runtime, but active bdf-converter users may be affected when this tool is exposed to external provided user data data (i.e. publicly available automation). This issue affects Apache NuttX: from 6.9 before 12.9.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 12.9.0, which fixes the issue.

Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Apache ORC. A vulnerability has been identified in the ORC C++ LZO decompression logic, where specially crafted malformed ORC files can cause the decompressor to allocate a 250-byte buffer but then attempts to copy 295 bytes into it. It causes memory corruption. This issue affects Apache ORC C++ library: through 1.8.8, from 1.9.0 through 1.9.5, from 2.0.0 through 2.0.4, from 2.1.0 through 2.1.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.8.9, 1.9.6, 2.0.5, and 2.1.2, which fix the issue.

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Apache Seata (incubating). This issue affects Apache Seata (incubating): from 2.0.0 before 2.2.0. Severity Justification: The Apache Seata security team assesses the severity of this vulnerability as "Low" due to stringent real-world mitigating factors. First, the vulnerability is strictly isolated to the Raft cluster mode, an optional and non-default feature introduced in v2.0.0, while most users rely on the unaffected traditional architecture. Second, Seata is an internal middleware; communication between TC and RM/TM occurs entirely within trusted internal networks. An attacker would require prior, unauthorized access to the Intranet to exploit this, making external exploitation highly improbable. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.2.0, which fixes the issue.

The fix for CVE-2026-41409 was not applied to the 2.1.X and 2.2.X branches. Here was the original issue description: The fix for CVE-2024-52046 in Apache MINA AbstractIoBuffer.getObject() was incomplete. The classname allowlist of classes allowed to be deserialized was applied too late after a static initializer in a class to be read might already have been executed. Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.1.0 <= 2.1.11, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.6. The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.1.12, and 2.2.7 by applying the classname allowlist earlier. Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject(). Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade The fix for CVE-2024-52046 in Apache MINA AbstractIoBuffer.getObject() was incomplete. The classname allowlist of classes allowed to be deserialized was applied too late after a static initializer in a class to be read might already have been executed. Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.1.0 <= 2.1.110, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.6. The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.1.12, and 2.2.7 by applying the classname allowlist earlier. Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject(). Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade

The fix for CVE-2026-41635 was not applied to the 2.1.X and 2.2.X branches. Here was the original issue description: Apache MINA's AbstractIoBuffer.resolveClass() contains two branches, one of them (for static classes or primitive types) does not check the class at all, bypassing the classname allowlist and allowing arbitrary code to be executed. The fix checks if the class is present in the accepted class filter before calling Class.forName(). Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.1.0 <= 2.1.11, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.6. The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.1.12, and 2.2.7 by applying the classname allowlist earlier. Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject(). Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade.

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in Apache Software Foundation Apache Airflow Hive Provider.This issue affects Apache Airflow Hive Provider: before 5.0.0.

Apache Jena SDB 3.17.0 and earlier is vulnerable to a JDBC Deserialisation attack if the attacker is able to control the JDBC URL used or cause the underlying database server to return malicious data. The mySQL JDBC driver in particular is known to be vulnerable to this class of attack. As a result an application using Apache Jena SDB can be subject to RCE when connected to a malicious database server. Apache Jena SDB has been EOL since December 2020 and users should migrate to alternative options e.g. Apache Jena TDB 2.

Alarm instance management has command injection when there is a specific command configured. It is only for logged-in users. We recommend you upgrade to version 2.0.6 or higher

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in Apache Cocoon.This issue affects Apache Cocoon: from 2.2.0 before 2.3.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.3.0, which fixes the issue.

Streampark allows any users to upload a jar as application, but there is no mandatory verification of the uploaded file type, causing users to upload some high-risk files, and may upload them to any directory, Users of the affected versions should upgrade to Apache StreamPark 2.0.0 or later

In the default configuration of Apache SOAP, an RPCRouterServlet is available without authentication. This gives an attacker the possibility to invoke methods on the classpath that meet certain criteria. Depending on what classes are available on the classpath this might even lead to arbitrary remote code execution. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

A SSRF vulnerability in parsing the href attribute of XOP:Include in MTOM requests in versions of Apache CXF before 3.5.5 and 3.4.10 allows an attacker to perform SSRF style attacks on webservices that take at least one parameter of any type. 

Apache Tapestry 3.x allows deserialization of untrusted data, leading to remote code execution. This issue is similar to but distinct from CVE-2020-17531, which applies the the (also unsupported) 4.x version line. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects Apache Tapestry version line 3.x, which is no longer supported by the maintainer. Users are recommended to upgrade to a supported version line of Apache Tapestry.

A cleverly devised username might bypass LDAP authentication checks. In LDAP-authenticated Derby installations, this could let an attacker fill up the disk by creating junk Derby databases. In LDAP-authenticated Derby installations, this could also allow the attacker to execute malware which was visible to and executable by the account which booted the Derby server. In LDAP-protected databases which weren't also protected by SQL GRANT/REVOKE authorization, this vulnerability could also let an attacker view and corrupt sensitive data and run sensitive database functions and procedures. Mitigation: Users should upgrade to Java 21 and Derby 10.17.1.0. Alternatively, users who wish to remain on older Java versions should build their own Derby distribution from one of the release families to which the fix was backported: 10.16, 10.15, and 10.14. Those are the releases which correspond, respectively, with Java LTS versions 17, 11, and 8.

Class org.apache.sshd.server.keyprovider.SimpleGeneratorHostKeyProvider in Apache MINA SSHD <= 2.9.1 uses Java deserialization to load a serialized java.security.PrivateKey. The class is one of several implementations that an implementor using Apache MINA SSHD can choose for loading the host keys of an SSH server.

It was found that the jclouds scriptbuilder Statements class wrote a temporary file to a predictable location. An attacker could use this flaw to access sensitive data, cause a denial of service, or perform other attacks.

Apache Commons BCEL has a number of APIs that would normally only allow changing specific class characteristics. However, due to an out-of-bounds writing issue, these APIs can be used to produce arbitrary bytecode. This could be abused in applications that pass attacker-controllable data to those APIs, giving the attacker more control over the resulting bytecode than otherwise expected. Update to Apache Commons BCEL 6.6.0.

** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in Pony Mail leading to admin account takeover. This issue affects all versions of the Lua implementation of Pony Mail. There is a Python implementation under development under the name "Pony Mail Foal" that is not affected by this issue, but hasn't been released yet. As the Lua implementation of this project is retired, we do not plan to release a version that fixes this issue. Users are recommended to find an alternative or restrict access to the instance to trusted users. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.21, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.54, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.117, from 10.0.0-M1 through 10.0.27. Older, end of support versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

Arbitrary Class Instantiation via Model Manifest in Apache OpenNLP ExtensionLoader Versions Affected: before 2.5.9, before 3.0.0-M3 Description:  The ExtensionLoader.instantiateExtension(Class, String) method loads a class by its fully-qualified name via Class.forName() and invokes its no-arg constructor, with the class name sourced from the manifest.properties entry of a model archive. The existing isAssignableFrom check correctly rejects classes that are not subtypes of the expected extension interface (BaseToolFactory for factory=, ArtifactSerializer for serializer-class-*), but the check runs after Class.forName() has already loaded and initialized the named class. Class.forName() with default initialization semantics executes the target class's static initializer before returning, so an attacker who can supply a crafted model archive can cause the static initializer of any class on the classpath to run during model loading, regardless of whether that class passes the subsequent type check. Exploitation requires a class with attacker-useful side effects in its static initializer (for example, JNDI lookup, outbound network I/O, or filesystem access) to be present on the classpath, so this is not a drop-in remote code execution; however, the attack surface grows as third-party model distribution becomes more common (community model repositories, Hugging Face-style sharing), where users routinely load model files from origins they do not control. A secondary, narrower vector affects deployments that ship legitimate BaseToolFactory or ArtifactSerializer subclasses with side-effecting no-arg constructors: a malicious manifest can name such a class and force its constructor to run during model load. Mitigation:  * 2.x users should upgrade to 2.5.9. * 3.x users should upgrade to 3.0.0-M3. Note: The fix introduces a package-prefix allowlist that is consulted before Class.forName() is invoked, so the static initializer of a disallowed class is never executed. Classes under the opennlp. prefix remain permitted by default. Deployments that load models referencing factories or serializers outside opennlp.* must opt those packages in, either programmatically via ExtensionLoader.registerAllowedPackage(String) before the first model load, or by setting the OPENNLP_EXT_ALLOWED_PACKAGES system property to a comma-separated list of allowed package prefixes. Users who cannot upgrade immediately should ensure that all model files are sourced from trusted origins and should audit their classpath for classes with side-effecting static initializers or constructors, particularly any that perform JNDI lookups, network requests, or filesystem operations during class initialization.

Apache MINA's AbstractIoBuffer.resolveClass() contains two branches, one of them (for static classes or primitive types) does not check the class at all, bypassing the classname allowlist and allowing arbitrary code to be executed. The fix checks if the class is present in the accepted class filter before calling Class.forName().  Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.0.0 <= 2.0.27, 2.1.0 <= 2.1.10, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.5. The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.0.28, 2.1.11, and 2.2.6 by applying the classname allowlist earlier. Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call  IoBuffer.getObject(). Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade.

The fix for CVE-2024-52046 in Apache MINA AbstractIoBuffer.getObject() was incomplete. The classname allowlist of classes allowed to be deserialized was applied too late after a static initializer in a class to be read might already have been executed. Affected versions are Apache MINA 2.0.0 <= 2.0.27, 2.1.0 <= 2.1.10, and 2.2.0 <= 2.2.5. The problem is resolved in Apache MINA 2.0.28, 2.1.11, and 2.2.6 by applying the classname allowlist earlier. Affected are applications using Apache MINA that call IoBuffer.getObject(). Applications using Apache MINA are advised to upgrade

An issue was found in Docker before 1.6.0. Some programs and scripts in Docker are downloaded via HTTP and then executed or used in unsafe ways.

JmsBinding.extractBodyFromJms() in camel-jms, and the equivalent JmsBinding class in camel-sjms, deserialized the payload of incoming JMS ObjectMessage values via javax.jms.ObjectMessage.getObject() without applying any ObjectInputFilter, class allowlist or class denylist. Because this code path is reached whenever the mapJmsMessage option is enabled (the default) and Camel acts as a JMS consumer, an attacker able to publish a crafted ObjectMessage to a queue or topic consumed by a Camel application could achieve remote code execution when a deserialization gadget chain was present on the classpath. The same handling was reached transitively through camel-sjms2 (whose Sjms2Endpoint extends SjmsEndpoint) and through camel-amqp (whose AMQPJmsBinding extends JmsBinding), and by other JMS-family components built on JmsComponent such as camel-activemq and camel-activemq6. This issue affects Apache Camel: from 3.0.0 before 4.14.7, from 4.15.0 before 4.18.2, from 4.19.0 before 4.20.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.0, which fixes the issue. If users are on the 4.14.x LTS releases stream, then they are suggested to upgrade to 4.14.7. If users are on the 4.18.x releases stream, then they are suggested to upgrade to 4.18.2.

Xstream API versions up to 1.4.6 and version 1.4.10, if the security framework has not been initialized, may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands by manipulating the processed input stream when unmarshaling XML or any supported format. e.g. JSON.

Apache Shiro before 1.10.0, Authentication Bypass Vulnerability in Shiro when forwarding or including via RequestDispatcher.

This vulnerable is about a potential code injection when an attacker has control of the target LDAP server using in the JDBC JNDI URL. The function jaas.modules.src.main.java.porg.apache.karaf.jass.modules.jdbc.JDBCUtils#doCreateDatasource use InitialContext.lookup(jndiName) without filtering. An user can modify `options.put(JDBCUtils.DATASOURCE, "osgi:" + DataSource.class.getName());` to `options.put(JDBCUtils.DATASOURCE,"jndi:rmi://x.x.x.x:xxxx/Command");` in JdbcLoginModuleTest#setup. This is vulnerable to a remote code execution (RCE) attack when a configuration uses a JNDI LDAP data source URI when an attacker has control of the target LDAP server.This issue affects all versions of Apache Karaf up to 4.4.1 and 4.3.7. We encourage the users to upgrade to Apache Karaf at least 4.4.2 or 4.3.8

Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OGNL expressions via a parameter with a crafted (1) action:, (2) redirect:, or (3) redirectAction: prefix.

A deserialization vulnerability existed in dubbo hessian-lite 3.2.12 and its earlier versions, which could lead to malicious code execution. This issue affects Apache Dubbo 2.7.x version 2.7.17 and prior versions; Apache Dubbo 3.0.x version 3.0.11 and prior versions; Apache Dubbo 3.1.x version 3.1.0 and prior versions.

Apache Calcite 1.22.0 introduced the SQL operators EXISTS_NODE, EXTRACT_XML, XML_TRANSFORM and EXTRACT_VALUE do not restrict XML External Entity references in their configuration, making them vulnerable to a potential XML External Entity (XXE) attack. Therefore any client exposing these operators, typically by using Oracle dialect (the first three) or MySQL dialect (the last one), is affected by this vulnerability (the extent of it will depend on the user under which the application is running). From Apache Calcite 1.32.0 onwards, Document Type Declarations and XML External Entity resolution are disabled on the impacted operators.

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Apache Airflow Pinot Provider, Apache Airflow allows an attacker to control commands executed in the task execution context, without write access to DAG files. This issue affects Apache Airflow Pinot Provider versions prior to 4.0.0. It also impacts any Apache Airflow versions prior to 2.3.0 in case Apache Airflow Pinot Provider is installed (Apache Airflow Pinot Provider 4.0.0 can only be installed for Airflow 2.3.0+). Note that you need to manually install the Pinot Provider version 4.0.0 in order to get rid of the vulnerability on top of Airflow 2.3.0+ version.

In Apache Airflow versions 2.2.4 through 2.3.3, the `database` webserver session backend was susceptible to session fixation.

Apache Geode versions up to 1.12.5, 1.13.4 and 1.14.0 are vulnerable to a deserialization of untrusted data flaw when using JMX over RMI on Java 8. Any user still on Java 8 who wishes to protect against deserialization attacks involving JMX or RMI should upgrade to Apache Geode 1.15 and Java 11. If upgrading to Java 11 is not possible, then upgrade to Apache Geode 1.15 and specify "--J=-Dgeode.enableGlobalSerialFilter=true" when starting any Locators or Servers. Follow the documentation for details on specifying any user classes that may be serialized/deserialized with the "serializable-object-filter" configuration option. Using a global serial filter will impact performance.

Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer and Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities were discovered in Apache NuttX RTOS Bluetooth Stack (HCI and UART components) that may result in system crash, denial of service, or arbitrary code execution, after receiving maliciously crafted packets. NuttX's Bluetooth HCI/UART stack users are advised to upgrade to version 12.9.0, which fixes the identified implementation issues. This issue affects Apache NuttX: from 7.25 before 12.9.0.

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Apache Seata (incubating). This security vulnerability is the same as CVE-2024-47552, but the version range described in the CVE-2024-47552 definition is too narrow. This issue affects Apache Seata (incubating): from 2.0.0 before 2.3.0. Severity Justification: The Apache Seata security team assesses the severity of this vulnerability as "Low" due to stringent real-world mitigating factors. First, the vulnerability is strictly isolated to the Raft cluster mode, an optional and non-default feature introduced in v2.0.0, while most users rely on the unaffected traditional architecture. Second, Seata is an internal middleware; communication between TC and RM/TM occurs entirely within trusted internal networks. An attacker would require prior, unauthorized access to the Intranet to exploit this, making external exploitation highly improbable. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.3.0, which fixes the issue.

Apache CloudStack version 4.5.0 and later has a SAML 2.0 authentication Service Provider plugin which is found to be vulnerable to XML external entity (XXE) injection. This plugin is not enabled by default and the attacker would require that this plugin be enabled to exploit the vulnerability. When the SAML 2.0 plugin is enabled in affected versions of Apache CloudStack could potentially allow the exploitation of XXE vulnerabilities. The SAML 2.0 messages constructed during the authentication flow in Apache CloudStack are XML-based and the XML data is parsed by various standard libraries that are now understood to be vulnerable to XXE injection attacks such as arbitrary file reading, possible denial of service, server-side request forgery (SSRF) on the CloudStack management server.

Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in mod_proxy_ajp of Apache HTTP Server. If mod_proxy_ajp connects to a malicious AJP server this AJP server can send a malicious AJP message back to mod_proxy_ajp and cause it to write 4 attacker controlled bytes after the end of a heap based buffer. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server: through 2.4.66. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.67, which fixes the issue.

Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306) vulnerability in Apache Artemis, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis. An unauthenticated remote attacker can use the Core protocol to force a target broker to establish an outbound Core federation connection to an attacker-controlled rogue broker. This could potentially result in message injection into any queue and/or message exfiltration from any queue via the rogue broker. This impacts environments that allow both: - incoming Core protocol connections from untrusted sources to the broker - outgoing Core protocol connections from the broker to untrusted targets This issue affects: - Apache Artemis from 2.50.0 through 2.51.0 - Apache ActiveMQ Artemis from 2.11.0 through 2.44.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to Apache Artemis version 2.52.0, which fixes the issue. The issue can be mitigated by one of the following: - Remove Core protocol support from any acceptor receiving connections from untrusted sources. Incoming Core protocol connections are supported by default via the "artemis" acceptor listening on port 61616. See the "protocols" URL parameter configured for the acceptor. An acceptor URL without this parameter supports all protocols by default, including Core. - Use two-way SSL (i.e. certificate-based authentication) in order to force every client to present the proper SSL certificate when establishing a connection before any message protocol handshake is attempted. This will prevent unauthenticated exploitation of this vulnerability. - Implement and deploy a Core interceptor to deny all Core downstream federation connect packets. Such packets have a type of (int) -16 or (byte) 0xfffffff0. Documentation for interceptors is available at  https://artemis.apache.org/components/artemis/documentation/latest/intercepting-operations.html .

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache IoTDB. This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 1.3.7, from 2.0.0 before 2.0.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.3.7 or 2.0.7, which fixes the issue.

Apache Flume versions 1.4.0 through 1.10.0 are vulnerable to a remote code execution (RCE) attack when a configuration uses a JMS Source with a JNDI LDAP data source URI when an attacker has control of the target LDAP server. This issue is fixed by limiting JNDI to allow only the use of the java protocol or no protocol.

A vulnerability in Apache IoTDB. This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 1.3.7, from 2.0.0 before 2.0.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.3.7 or 2.0.7, which fixes the issue.

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ NMS OpenWire Client. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ NMS OpenWire Client before 2.1.1 when performing connections to untrusted servers. Such servers could abuse the unbounded deserialization in the client to provide malicious responses that may eventually cause arbitrary code execution on the client. Version 2.1.0 introduced a allow/denylist feature to restrict deserialization, but this feature could be bypassed. The .NET team has deprecated the built-in .NET binary serialization feature starting with .NET 9 and suggests migrating away from binary serialization. The project is considering to follow suit and drop this part of the NMS API altogether. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.1.1, which fixes the issue. We also recommend to migrate away from relying on .NET binary serialization as a hardening method for the future.

Apache Tika before 1.14 allows Java code execution for serialized objects embedded in MATLAB files. The issue exists because Tika invokes JMatIO to do native deserialization.

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Apache InLong.  This issue affects Apache InLong: from 1.13.0 before 2.1.0, this issue would allow an authenticated attacker to read arbitrary files by double writing the param. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.1.0, which fixes the issue.

Path Equivalence: 'file.Name' (Internal Dot) leading to Remote Code Execution and/or Information disclosure and/or malicious content added to uploaded files via write enabled Default Servlet in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.2, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.34, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.98. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. If all of the following were true, a malicious user was able to view security sensitive files and/or inject content into those files: - writes enabled for the default servlet (disabled by default) - support for partial PUT (enabled by default) - a target URL for security sensitive uploads that was a sub-directory of a target URL for public uploads - attacker knowledge of the names of security sensitive files being uploaded - the security sensitive files also being uploaded via partial PUT If all of the following were true, a malicious user was able to perform remote code execution: - writes enabled for the default servlet (disabled by default) - support for partial PUT (enabled by default) - application was using Tomcat's file based session persistence with the default storage location - application included a library that may be leveraged in a deserialization attack Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.3, 10.1.35 or 9.0.99, which fixes the issue.

There is a vulnerability in Apache Traffic Server 6.0.0 to 6.2.3, 7.0.0 to 7.1.8, and 8.0.0 to 8.0.5 with a smuggling attack and Transfer-Encoding and Content length headers. Upgrade to versions 7.1.9 and 8.0.6 or later versions.

Apache Jetspeed-2 does not sufficiently filter untrusted user input by default leading to a number of issues including XSS, CSRF, XXE, and SSRF. Setting the configuration option "xss.filter.post = true" may mitigate these issues. NOTE: Apache Jetspeed is a dormant project of Apache Portals and no updates will be provided for this issue

An issue was found in Apache IoTDB .9.0 to 0.9.1 and 0.8.0 to 0.8.2. When starting IoTDB, the JMX port 31999 is exposed with no certification.Then, clients could execute code remotely.

The Apache NuttX (Incubating) project provides an optional separate "apps" repository which contains various optional components and example programs. One of these, ftpd, had a NULL pointer dereference bug. The NuttX RTOS itself is not affected. Users of the optional apps repository are affected only if they have enabled ftpd. Versions 6.15 to 8.2 are affected.

It was noticed that Apache Heron 0.20.2-incubating, Release 0.20.1-incubating, and Release v-0.20.0-incubating does not configure its YAML parser to prevent the instantiation of arbitrary types, resulting in a remote code execution vulnerabilities (CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data).