An issue was discovered in Foxit PhantomPDF before 8.3.12. It allows stack consumption via nested function calls for XML parsing.

Uncontrolled recursion in Decoder.Skip in encoding/xml before Go 1.17.12 and Go 1.18.4 allows an attacker to cause a panic due to stack exhaustion via a deeply nested XML document.

LiquidJS is a Shopify / GitHub Pages compatible template engine in pure JavaScript. Prior to version 10.25.7, a circular block reference in {% layout %} / {% block %} causes an infinite recursive loop, consuming all available memory (~4GB) and crashing the Node.js process with FATAL ERROR: JavaScript heap out of memory. This allows any user who can submit a Liquid template to perform a Denial of Service attack. This issue has been patched in version 10.25.7.

A Denial Of Service vulnerability exists in the safe-svg (aka Safe SVG) plugin through 1.9.4 for WordPress, related to unlimited recursion for a '<use ... xlink:href="#identifier">' substring.

It was possible to trigger an infinite recursion condition in the error handler when Hermes executed specific maliciously formed JavaScript. This condition was only possible to trigger in dev-mode (when asserts were enabled). This issue affects Hermes versions prior to v0.12.0.

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.1 and 0.31.1, toFormData recursively walks nested objects with no depth limit, so a deeply nested value passed as request data crashes the Node.js process with a RangeError. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.1 and 0.31.1.

Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Thrift Node.js bindings This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.

regexp.Compile in Go before 1.16.15 and 1.17.x before 1.17.8 allows stack exhaustion via a deeply nested expression.

In 0.9.3 or older versions of Apache Pinot segment upload path allowed segment directories to be imported into pinot tables. In pinot installations that allow open access to the controller a specially crafted request can potentially be exploited to cause disruption in pinot service. Pinot release 0.10.0 fixes this. See https://docs.pinot.apache.org/basics/releases/0.10.0

Jsonxx or Json++ is a JSON parser, writer and reader written in C++. In affected versions of jsonxx json parsing may lead to stack exhaustion in an address sanitized (ASAN) build. This issue may lead to Denial of Service if the program using the jsonxx library crashes. This issue exists on the current commit of the jsonxx project and the project itself has been archived. Updates are not expected. Users are advised to find a replacement.

When an Expat parser with a registered ElementDeclHandler parses an inline document type definition containing a deeply nested content model a C stack overflow occurs.

Oniguruma before 6.9.3 allows Stack Exhaustion in regcomp.c because of recursion in regparse.c.

OPC Foundation UA .NET Standard versions prior to 1.4.365.48 and OPC UA .NET Legacy are vulnerable to an uncontrolled recursion, which may allow an attacker to trigger a stack overflow.

An issue was discovered in OSSEC 3.6.0. An uncontrolled recursion vulnerability in os_xml.c occurs when a large number of opening and closing XML tags is used. Because recursion is used in _ReadElem without restriction, an attacker can trigger a segmentation fault once unmapped memory is reached.

Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Prior to 11.1.19, when an attacker sends many small, valid JSON messages in one TCP frame, handleData() recurses once per message; the buffer shrinks each call. maxBufferSize is never reached; call stack overflows instead. A ~47 KB payload is sufficient to trigger RangeError. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.1.19.

Foxit Reader 9.6.0.25114 and earlier has two unique RecursiveCall bugs involving 3 functions exhausting available stack memory because of Uncontrolled Recursion in the V8 JavaScript engine (issue 2 of 2).

Foxit Reader 9.6.0.25114 and earlier has two unique RecursiveCall bugs involving 3 functions exhausting available stack memory because of Uncontrolled Recursion in the V8 JavaScript engine (issue 1 of 2).

Next.js is a React Framework for the Web. Cersions on the 10.x, 11.x, 12.x, 13.x, and 14.x branches before version 14.2.7 contain a vulnerability in the image optimization feature which allows for a potential Denial of Service (DoS) condition which could lead to excessive CPU consumption. Neither the `next.config.js` file that is configured with `images.unoptimized` set to `true` or `images.loader` set to a non-default value nor the Next.js application that is hosted on Vercel are affected. This issue was fully patched in Next.js `14.2.7`. As a workaround, ensure that the `next.config.js` file has either `images.unoptimized`, `images.loader` or `images.loaderFile` assigned.

In Wireshark 3.0.0 to 3.0.1, 2.6.0 to 2.6.8, and 2.4.0 to 2.4.14, the dissection engine could crash. This was addressed in epan/packet.c by restricting the number of layers and consequently limiting recursion.

In Mcrouter prior to v0.41.0, a large struct input provided to the Carbon protocol reader could result in stack exhaustion and denial of service.

FastFeedParser is a high performance RSS, Atom and RDF parser. Prior to 0.5.10, when parse() fetches a URL that returns an HTML page containing a <meta http-equiv="refresh"> tag, it recursively calls itself with the redirect URL — with no depth limit, no visited-URL deduplication, and no redirect count cap. An attacker-controlled server that returns an infinite chain of HTML meta-refresh responses causes unbounded recursion, exhausting the Python call stack and crashing the process. This vulnerability can also be chained with the companion SSRF issue to reach internal network targets after bypassing the initial URL check. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.5.10.

Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. A vulnerability in Multer prior to version 2.1.1 allows an attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending malformed requests, potentially causing stack overflow. Users should upgrade to version 2.1.1 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.

TYPO3 is an open source PHP based web content management system. In TYPO3 before versions 9.5.25, 10.4.14, 11.1.1 requesting invalid or non-existing resources via HTTP triggers the page error handler which again could retrieve content to be shown as error message from another page. This leads to a scenario in which the application is calling itself recursively - amplifying the impact of the initial attack until the limits of the web server are exceeded. This is fixed in versions 9.5.25, 10.4.14, 11.1.1.

Receipt of a malformed packet on MX Series devices with dynamic vlan configuration can trigger an uncontrolled recursion loop in the Broadband Edge subscriber management daemon (bbe-smgd), and lead to high CPU usage and a crash of the bbe-smgd service. Repeated receipt of the same packet can result in an extended denial of service condition for the device. Affected releases are Juniper Networks Junos OS: 16.1 versions prior to 16.1R7-S1; 16.2 versions prior to 16.2R2-S7; 17.1 versions prior to 17.1R2-S10, 17.1R3; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R3; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S1; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R2.

Uncontrolled recursion in Decoder.Decode in encoding/gob before Go 1.17.12 and Go 1.18.4 allows an attacker to cause a panic due to stack exhaustion via a message which contains deeply nested structures.

Uncontrolled recursion in Unmarshal in encoding/xml before Go 1.17.12 and Go 1.18.4 allows an attacker to cause a panic due to stack exhaustion via unmarshalling an XML document into a Go struct which has a nested field that uses the 'any' field tag.

Uncontrolled recursion in Glob in io/fs before Go 1.17.12 and Go 1.18.4 allows an attacker to cause a panic due to stack exhaustion via a path which contains a large number of path separators.

An issue was discovered in the _asn1_decode_simple_ber function in decoding.c in GNU Libtasn1 before 4.13. Unlimited recursion in the BER decoder leads to stack exhaustion and DoS.

SandboxJS is a JavaScript sandboxing library. Prior to 0.8.36, the @nyariv/sandboxjs parser contains unbounded recursion in the restOfExp function and the lispify/lispifyExpr call chain. An attacker can crash any Node.js process that parses untrusted input by supplying deeply nested expressions (e.g., ~2000 nested parentheses), causing a RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded that terminates the process. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.8.36.

An exploitable denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the mdnscap binary of the CUJO Smart Firewall running firmware 7003. When parsing labels in mDNS packets, the firewall unsafely handles label compression pointers, leading to an uncontrolled recursion that eventually exhausts the stack, crashing the mdnscap process. An unauthenticated attacker can send an mDNS message to trigger this vulnerability.

encoding/pem in Go before 1.17.9 and 1.18.x before 1.18.1 has a Decode stack overflow via a large amount of PEM data.

Loofah is a general library for manipulating and transforming HTML/XML documents and fragments, built on top of Nokogiri. Loofah >= 2.2.0, < 2.19.1 uses recursion for sanitizing CDATA sections, making it susceptible to stack exhaustion and raising a SystemStackError exception. This may lead to a denial of service through CPU resource consumption. This issue is patched in version 2.19.1. Users who are unable to upgrade may be able to mitigate this vulnerability by limiting the length of the strings that are sanitized.

TYPO3 is an open source PHP based web content management system. In versions prior to 9.5.38, 10.4.33, 11.5.20, and 12.1.1, requesting invalid or non-existing resources via HTTP triggers the page error handler, which again could retrieve content to be shown as an error message from another page. This leads to a scenario in which the application is calling itself recursively - amplifying the impact of the initial attack until the limits of the web server are exceeded. This vulnerability is very similar, but not identical, to the one described in CVE-2021-21359. This issue is patched in versions 9.5.38 ELTS, 10.4.33, 11.5.20 or 12.1.1.

A stack overflow issue existed in Swift for Linux. The issue was addressed with improved input validation for dealing with deeply nested malicious JSON input.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below both 7.1.2-19 and 6.9.13-44, Magick frees the memory of the XML tree via the `DestroyXMLTree()` function; however, this process is executed recursively with no depth limit imposed. When Magick processes an XML file with deeply nested structures, it will exhaust the stack memory, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19.

curl 7.21.0 to and including 7.73.0 is vulnerable to uncontrolled recursion due to a stack overflow issue in FTP wildcard match parsing.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.55 and 9.6.0-alpha.44, an attacker can send an unauthenticated HTTP request with a deeply nested query containing logical operators to permanently hang the Parse Server process. The server becomes completely unresponsive and must be manually restarted. This is a bypass of the fix for CVE-2026-32944. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.55 and 9.6.0-alpha.44.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.56 and 9.6.0-alpha.45, Parse Server's LiveQuery component does not enforce the requestComplexity.queryDepth configuration setting when processing WebSocket subscription requests. An attacker can send a subscription with deeply nested logical operators, causing excessive recursion and CPU consumption that degrades or disrupts service availability. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.56 and 9.6.0-alpha.45.

XACK DNS 1.11.0 to 1.11.4, 1.10.0 to 1.10.8, 1.8.0 to 1.8.23, 1.7.0 to 1.7.18, and versions before 1.7.0 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service condition resulting in degradation of the recursive resolver's performance or compromising the recursive resolver as a reflector in a reflection attack.

The BGP parser in tcpdump before 4.9.3 allows stack consumption in print-bgp.c:bgp_attr_print() because of unlimited recursion.

The SMB parser in tcpdump before 4.9.3 has stack exhaustion in smbutil.c:smb_fdata() via recursion.

An exploitable denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the resource record-parsing functionality of Videolabs libmicrodns 0.1.0. When parsing compressed labels in mDNS messages, the compression pointer is followed without checking for recursion, leading to a denial of service. An attacker can send an mDNS message to trigger this vulnerability.

uBlock Origin before 1.36.2 and nMatrix before 4.4.9 support an arbitrary depth of parameter nesting for strict blocking, which allows crafted web sites to cause a denial of service (unbounded recursion that can trigger memory consumption and a loss of all blocking functionality).

flatted is a circular JSON parser. Prior to 3.4.0, flatted's parse() function uses a recursive revive() phase to resolve circular references in deserialized JSON. When given a crafted payload with deeply nested or self-referential $ indices, the recursion depth is unbounded, causing a stack overflow that crashes the Node.js process. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.4.0.

CairoSVG is an SVG converter based on Cairo, a 2D graphics library. Prior to Kozea/CairoSVG has exponential denial of service via recursive <use> element amplification in cairosvg/defs.py. This causes CPU exhaustion from a small input.

AutoMapper is a convention-based object-object mapper in .NET. Versions prior to 15.1.1 and 16.1.1 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. When mapping deeply nested object graphs, the library uses recursive method calls without enforcing a default maximum depth limit. This allows an attacker to provide a specially crafted object graph that exhausts the thread's stack memory, triggering a `StackOverflowException` and causing the entire application process to terminate. Versions 15.1.1 and 16.1.1 fix the issue.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 9.6.0-alpha.21 and 8.6.45, an unauthenticated attacker can crash the Parse Server process by sending a single request with deeply nested query condition operators. This terminates the server and denies service to all connected clients. Starting in version 9.6.0-alpha.21 and 8.6.45, a depth limit for query condition operator nesting has been added via the `requestComplexity.queryDepth` server option. The option is disabled by default to avoid a breaking change. To mitigate, upgrade and set the option to a value appropriate for your app. No known workarounds are available.

MIT Kerberos 5 (aka krb5) before 1.17.2 and 1.18.x before 1.18.3 allows unbounded recursion via an ASN.1-encoded Kerberos message because the lib/krb5/asn.1/asn1_encode.c support for BER indefinite lengths lacks a recursion limit.

pyasn1 is a generic ASN.1 library for Python. Prior to 0.6.3, the `pyasn1` library is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack caused by uncontrolled recursion when decoding ASN.1 data with deeply nested structures. An attacker can supply a crafted payload containing thousands of nested `SEQUENCE` (`0x30`) or `SET` (`0x31`) tags with "Indefinite Length" (`0x80`) markers. This forces the decoder to recursively call itself until the Python interpreter crashes with a `RecursionError` or consumes all available memory (OOM), crashing the host application. This is a distinct vulnerability from CVE-2026-23490 (which addressed integer overflows in OID decoding). The fix for CVE-2026-23490 (`MAX_OID_ARC_CONTINUATION_OCTETS`) does not mitigate this recursion issue. Version 0.6.3 fixes this specific issue.

In Play Framework 2.6.0 through 2.8.2, data amplification can occur when an application accepts multipart/form-data JSON input.