Faraday is an HTTP client library abstraction layer that provides a common interface over many adapters. From 1.0.0 until 1.10.6 and 2.14.3, Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder, the default nested query parameter encoder/decoder in Faraday, decodes nested query strings without enforcing a maximum nesting depth. A crafted query string causes Faraday to build a deeply nested Ruby Hash structure. The internal dehash routine then recursively walks this attacker-controlled structure without a depth limit. At sufficient depth, Ruby raises an uncaught SystemStackError (stack level too deep), crashing the calling thread or worker. This can lead to denial of service in applications that pass attacker-controlled query strings to Faraday's nested query parsing or URL-building paths. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.10.6 and 2.14.3.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-47 and 7.1.2-22, because of a missing check in the MNG coder it would be possible to read more images than the list limit policy would allow resulting in excessive resource use. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-47 and 7.1.2-22.

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.5.6 and 8.0.2, protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while decoding nested protobuf data. This affected both skipping unknown group fields and generated decoding of nested message fields. A crafted protobuf binary payload could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during decoding. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.5.6 and 8.0.2.

Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.13.0 until 2.74.0, the USPTO patent XML parser used the standard xml.sax.parseString() without protection against XML External Entity (XXE) attacks. An attacker could craft malicious USPTO patent XML files with external entity references that could read arbitrary files from the server filesystem, perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks, or cause denial of service through entity expansion (Billion Laughs attack). The vulnerability affects three USPTO patent format parsers: ICE (v4.x), Grant v2.5, and Application v1.x. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.74.0.

A stack overflow vulnerability exists in the libexpat library due to the way it handles recursive entity expansion in XML documents. When parsing an XML document with deeply nested entity references, libexpat can be forced to recurse indefinitely, exhausting the stack space and causing a crash. This issue could lead to denial of service (DoS) or, in some cases, exploitable memory corruption, depending on the environment and library usage.

A vulnerability was found in Undertow, where the chunked response hangs after the body was flushed. The response headers and body were sent but the client would continue waiting as Undertow does not send the expected 0\r\n termination of the chunked response. This results in uncontrolled resource consumption, leaving the server side to a denial of service attack. This happens only with Java 17 TLSv1.3 scenarios.

A flaw was found when using samba as an Active Directory Domain Controller. Due to the way samba handles certain requests as an Active Directory Domain Controller LDAP server, an unauthorized user can cause a stack overflow leading to a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability. This issue affects all samba versions before 4.10.15, before 4.11.8 and before 4.12.2.

Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Thrift. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.

xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) `DOMParser` and `XMLSerializer` module. In @xmldom/xmldom prior to versions 0.9.10 and 0.8.13 and xmldom version 0.6.0 and prior, seven recursive traversals in lib/dom.js operate without a depth limit. A sufficiently deeply nested DOM tree causes a RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded, crashing the application. This issue has been patched in versions @xmldom/xmldom versions 0.9.10 and 0.8.13.

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 1.15.1 and 0.31.1, toFormData recursively walks nested objects with no depth limit, so a deeply nested value passed as request data crashes the Node.js process with a RangeError. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.15.1 and 0.31.1.

Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. A vulnerability in Multer prior to version 2.1.1 allows an attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending malformed requests, potentially causing stack overflow. Users should upgrade to version 2.1.1 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.

Loop with unreachable exit condition ('infinite loop') in .NET, .NET Framework, Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

flatted is a circular JSON parser. Prior to 3.4.0, flatted's parse() function uses a recursive revive() phase to resolve circular references in deserialized JSON. When given a crafted payload with deeply nested or self-referential $ indices, the recursion depth is unbounded, causing a stack overflow that crashes the Node.js process. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.4.0.

pyasn1 is a generic ASN.1 library for Python. Prior to 0.6.3, the `pyasn1` library is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack caused by uncontrolled recursion when decoding ASN.1 data with deeply nested structures. An attacker can supply a crafted payload containing thousands of nested `SEQUENCE` (`0x30`) or `SET` (`0x31`) tags with "Indefinite Length" (`0x80`) markers. This forces the decoder to recursively call itself until the Python interpreter crashes with a `RecursionError` or consumes all available memory (OOM), crashing the host application. This is a distinct vulnerability from CVE-2026-23490 (which addressed integer overflows in OID decoding). The fix for CVE-2026-23490 (`MAX_OID_ARC_CONTINUATION_OCTETS`) does not mitigate this recursion issue. Version 0.6.3 fixes this specific issue.

SVGO, short for SVG Optimizer, is a Node.js library and command-line application for optimizing SVG files. From version 2.1.0 to before version 2.8.1, from version 3.0.0 to before version 3.3.3, and before version 4.0.1, SVGO accepts XML with custom entities, without guards against entity expansion or recursion. This can result in a small XML file (811 bytes) stalling the application and even crashing the Node.js process with JavaScript heap out of memory. This issue has been patched in versions 2.8.1, 3.3.3, and 4.0.1.

fast-xml-parser allows users to validate XML, parse XML to JS object, or build XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries and no callback. In versions 4.1.3 through 5.3.5, the XML parser can be forced to do an unlimited amount of entity expansion. With a very small XML input, it’s possible to make the parser spend seconds or even minutes processing a single request, effectively freezing the application. Version 5.3.6 fixes the issue. As a workaround, avoid using DOCTYPE parsing by `processEntities: false` option.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

xgrammar is an open-source library for efficient, flexible, and portable structured generation. Prior to version 0.1.32, the multi-level nested syntax caused a segmentation fault (core dumped). This issue has been patched in version 0.1.32.

A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability exists in google.protobuf.json_format.ParseDict() in Python, where the max_recursion_depth limit can be bypassed when parsing nested google.protobuf.Any messages. Due to missing recursion depth accounting inside the internal Any-handling logic, an attacker can supply deeply nested Any structures that bypass the intended recursion limit, eventually exhausting Python’s recursion stack and causing a RecursionError.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to version 7.1.2-12, using Magick to read a malicious SVG file resulted in a DoS attack. Version 7.1.2-12 fixes the issue.

Plesk Obsidian versions 8.0.1 through 18.0.73 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability exists in the get_password.php endpoint, where a crafted request containing a malicious payload can cause the affected web interface to continuously reload, rendering the service unavailable to legitimate users. An attacker can exploit this issue remotely without authentication, resulting in a persistent availability impact on the affected Plesk Obsidian instance.

Squid is vulnerable to Denial of Service, where a remote attacker can perform DoS by sending ftp:// URLs in HTTP Request messages or constructing ftp:// URLs from FTP Native input.

Squid is vulnerable to a Denial of Service, where a remote attacker can perform buffer overflow attack by writing up to 2 MB of arbitrary data to heap memory when Squid is configured to accept HTTP Digest Authentication.

A flaw was found in libsoup, where the soup_headers_parse_request() function may be vulnerable to an out-of-bound read. This flaw allows a malicious user to use a specially crafted HTTP request to crash the HTTP server.

A flaw was found in libcupsfilters and cups-filters. The PNG image reading function creates a libpng reader without installing an error recovery handler, causing the CUPS image filter process to abort when processing a malformed PNG file. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this by submitting a specially crafted PNG print job, leading to denial of service of the in-flight print job.

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's NFS implementation, all versions 3.x and all versions 4.x up to 4.20. An attacker, who is able to mount an exported NFS filesystem, is able to trigger a null pointer dereference by using an invalid NFS sequence. This can panic the machine and deny access to the NFS server. Any outstanding disk writes to the NFS server will be lost.

ImageMagick before 7.1.2-26 (and 6.x before 6.9.13-51) contains a memory leak in the TIFF encoder that occurs when a temporary file cannot be created, resulting in a small memory leak.

ImageMagick before 7.1.2-26 contains a memory leak vulnerability in the JNG encoder when a blob cannot be opened. Attackers can trigger the memory leak by providing malformed JNG files that fail blob operations, causing resource exhaustion.

The net/url package does not set a limit on the number of query parameters in a query. While the maximum size of query parameters in URLs is generally limited by the maximum request header size, the net/http.Request.ParseForm method can parse large URL-encoded forms. Parsing a large form containing many unique query parameters can cause excessive memory consumption.

ImageMagick is an open source software suite for displaying, converting, and editing raster image files. In ImageMagick versions prior to 7.1.2-7 and 6.9.13-32, an integer overflow vulnerability exists in the BMP decoder on 32-bit systems. The vulnerability occurs in coders/bmp.c when calculating the extent value by multiplying image columns by bits per pixel. On 32-bit systems with size_t of 4 bytes, a malicious BMP file with specific dimensions can cause this multiplication to overflow and wrap to zero. The overflow check added to address CVE-2025-57803 is placed after the overflow occurs, making it ineffective. A specially crafted 58-byte BMP file with width set to 536,870,912 and 32 bits per pixel can trigger this overflow, causing the bytes_per_line calculation to become zero. This vulnerability only affects 32-bit builds of ImageMagick where default resource limits for width, height, and area have been manually increased beyond their defaults. 64-bit systems with size_t of 8 bytes are not vulnerable, and systems using default ImageMagick resource limits are not vulnerable. The vulnerability is fixed in versions 7.1.2-7 and 6.9.13-32.

An issue in the time_t_to_dt component of openlink virtuoso-opensource v7.2.11 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted SQL statements.

A flaw was found in how GLib’s GString manages memory when adding data to strings. If a string is already very large, combining it with more input can cause a hidden overflow in the size calculation. This makes the system think it has enough memory when it doesn’t. As a result, data may be written past the end of the allocated memory, leading to crashes or memory corruption.

A flaw was found in libxml2's xmlBuildQName function, where integer overflows in buffer size calculations can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow. This issue can result in memory corruption or a denial of service when processing crafted input.

A flaw was found within the handling of SMB2_READ commands in the kernel ksmbd module. The issue results from not releasing memory after its effective lifetime. An attacker can leverage this to create a denial-of-service condition on affected installations of Linux. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability, but only systems with ksmbd enabled are vulnerable.

An issue in the sqlo_place_dt_set component of openlink virtuoso-opensource v7.2.11 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted SQL statements.

An issue in the sqlo_strip_in_join component of openlink virtuoso-opensource v7.2.11 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted SQL statements.

An issue in the st_compare component of openlink virtuoso-opensource v7.2.11 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted SQL statements.

The etcd package distributed with the Red Hat OpenStack platform has an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-41723. This issue occurs because the etcd package in the Red Hat OpenStack platform is using http://golang.org/x/net/http2 instead of the one provided by Red Hat Enterprise Linux versions, meaning it should be updated at compile time instead.

A flaw was found in Open vSwitch where multiple versions are vulnerable to crafted Geneve packets, which may result in a denial of service and invalid memory accesses. Triggering this issue requires that hardware offloading via the netlink path is enabled.

A malformed `HTTP/2 HEADERS` frame with oversized, invalid `HPACK` data can cause Node.js to crash by triggering an unhandled `TLSSocket` error `ECONNRESET`. Instead of safely closing the connection, the process crashes, enabling a remote denial of service. This primarily affects applications that do not attach explicit error handlers to secure sockets, for example: ``` server.on('secureConnection', socket => { socket.on('error', err => { console.log(err) }) }) ```

ManageSieve AUTHENTICATE command crashes when using literal as SASL initial response. This can be used to crash ManageSieve service repeatedly, making it unavailable for other users. Control access to ManageSieve port, or disable the service if it's not needed. Alternatively upgrade to a fixed version. No publicly available exploits are known.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-28 and 7.1.2-2, passing a geometry string containing only a colon (":") to montage -geometry leads GetGeometry() to set width/height to 0. Later, ThumbnailImage() divides by these zero dimensions, triggering a crash (SIGFPE/abort), resulting in a denial of service. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-28 and 7.1.2-2.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions prior to 7.1.2-0, infinite lines occur when writing during a specific XMP file conversion command. Version 7.1.2-0 fixes the issue.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions prior to 7.1.2-0 and 6.9.13-26, in ImageMagick's `magick stream` command, specifying multiple consecutive `%d` format specifiers in a filename template causes a memory leak. Versions 7.1.2-0 and 6.9.13-26 fix the issue.