The Miniscript (aka rust-miniscript) library before 12.2.0 for Rust allows stack consumption because it does not properly track tree depth.

Passing a heavily nested list to sqlparse.parse() leads to a Denial of Service due to RecursionError.

Multer is a node.js middleware for handling `multipart/form-data`. A vulnerability in Multer prior to version 2.1.1 allows an attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending malformed requests, potentially causing stack overflow. Users should upgrade to version 2.1.1 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause uncontrolled recursion through a specially crafted input. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service.

Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. Prior to 11.1.19, when an attacker sends many small, valid JSON messages in one TCP frame, handleData() recurses once per message; the buffer shrinks each call. maxBufferSize is never reached; call stack overflows instead. A ~47 KB payload is sufficient to trigger RangeError. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.1.19.

SQLFluff is a modular SQL linter and auto-formatter with support for multiple dialects and templated code. Prior to version 4.1.0, in deployments where untrusted users can provide SQL queries to be linted, an untrusted user can submit a malicious query with deliberate excessive nesting to any application using the parser to trigger a Denial of Service through resource exhaustion. This issue has been patched in version 4.1.0.

xgrammar is an open-source library for efficient, flexible, and portable structured generation. Prior to version 0.1.32, the multi-level nested syntax caused a segmentation fault (core dumped). This issue has been patched in version 0.1.32.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 9.6.0-alpha.21 and 8.6.45, an unauthenticated attacker can crash the Parse Server process by sending a single request with deeply nested query condition operators. This terminates the server and denies service to all connected clients. Starting in version 9.6.0-alpha.21 and 8.6.45, a depth limit for query condition operator nesting has been added via the `requestComplexity.queryDepth` server option. The option is disabled by default to avoid a breaking change. To mitigate, upgrade and set the option to a value appropriate for your app. No known workarounds are available.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.56 and 9.6.0-alpha.45, Parse Server's LiveQuery component does not enforce the requestComplexity.queryDepth configuration setting when processing WebSocket subscription requests. An attacker can send a subscription with deeply nested logical operators, causing excessive recursion and CPU consumption that degrades or disrupts service availability. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.56 and 9.6.0-alpha.45.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below both 7.1.2-19 and 6.9.13-44, Magick frees the memory of the XML tree via the `DestroyXMLTree()` function; however, this process is executed recursively with no depth limit imposed. When Magick processes an XML file with deeply nested structures, it will exhaust the stack memory, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19.

Mattermost Mobile versions <=2.22.0 fail to properly handle posts with attachments containing fields that cannot be cast to a String, which allows an attacker to cause the mobile to crash via creating and sending such a post to a channel.

AutoMapper is a convention-based object-object mapper in .NET. Versions prior to 15.1.1 and 16.1.1 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. When mapping deeply nested object graphs, the library uses recursive method calls without enforcing a default maximum depth limit. This allows an attacker to provide a specially crafted object graph that exhausts the thread's stack memory, triggering a `StackOverflowException` and causing the entire application process to terminate. Versions 15.1.1 and 16.1.1 fix the issue.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.55 and 9.6.0-alpha.44, an attacker can send an unauthenticated HTTP request with a deeply nested query containing logical operators to permanently hang the Parse Server process. The server becomes completely unresponsive and must be manually restarted. This is a bypass of the fix for CVE-2026-32944. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.55 and 9.6.0-alpha.44.

flatted is a circular JSON parser. Prior to 3.4.0, flatted's parse() function uses a recursive revive() phase to resolve circular references in deserialized JSON. When given a crafted payload with deeply nested or self-referential $ indices, the recursion depth is unbounded, causing a stack overflow that crashes the Node.js process. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.4.0.

pyasn1 is a generic ASN.1 library for Python. Prior to 0.6.3, the `pyasn1` library is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack caused by uncontrolled recursion when decoding ASN.1 data with deeply nested structures. An attacker can supply a crafted payload containing thousands of nested `SEQUENCE` (`0x30`) or `SET` (`0x31`) tags with "Indefinite Length" (`0x80`) markers. This forces the decoder to recursively call itself until the Python interpreter crashes with a `RecursionError` or consumes all available memory (OOM), crashing the host application. This is a distinct vulnerability from CVE-2026-23490 (which addressed integer overflows in OID decoding). The fix for CVE-2026-23490 (`MAX_OID_ARC_CONTINUATION_OCTETS`) does not mitigate this recursion issue. Version 0.6.3 fixes this specific issue.

A Stack Overflow vulnerability was discovered in the TON Virtual Machine (TVM) before v2024.10. The vulnerability stems from the improper handling of vmstate and continuation jump instructions, which allow for continuous dynamic tail calls. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a smart contract with deeply nested jump logic. Even within permissible gas limits, this nested execution exhausts the host process's stack space, causing the validator node to crash. This results in a Denial of Service (DoS) for the TON blockchain network.

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.5.8 and 8.2.0, protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while expanding nested JSON descriptors through Root.fromJSON() and Namespace.addJSON(). A crafted JSON descriptor with deeply nested namespace definitions could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during descriptor loading. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.5.8 and 8.2.0.

Suricata is a network IDS, IPS and NSM engine. Starting in version 8.0.0 and prior to version 8.0.3, Suricata can crash with a stack overflow. Version 8.0.3 patches the issue. As a workaround, use default values for `request-body-limit` and `response-body-limit`.

A vulnerability in the text rendering subsystem of Cisco TelePresence Collaboration Endpoint (CE) Software and Cisco RoomOS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of input received by an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by getting the affected device to render crafted text, for example, a crafted meeting invitation. As indicated in the CVSS score, no user interaction is required, such as accepting the meeting invitation. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition.

MongoDB Server may experience an out-of-memory failure while evaluating expressions that produce deeply nested documents. The issue arises in recursive functions because the server does not periodically check the depth of the expression.

Mattermost versions 10.2.x <= 10.2.0, 9.11.x <= 9.11.5, 10.0.x <= 10.0.3, 10.1.x <= 10.1.3 fail to properly handle posts with attachments containing fields that cannot be cast to a String, which allows an attacker to cause the webapp to crash via creating and sending such a post to a channel.

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.9 before 18.9.2 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause a denial of service by sending specially crafted GraphQL requests due to uncontrolled recursion under certain circumstances.

A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability exists in google.protobuf.json_format.ParseDict() in Python, where the max_recursion_depth limit can be bypassed when parsing nested google.protobuf.Any messages. Due to missing recursion depth accounting inside the internal Any-handling logic, an attacker can supply deeply nested Any structures that bypass the intended recursion limit, eventually exhausting Python’s recursion stack and causing a RecursionError.

A vulnerability in OpenSearch allows attackers to cause Denial of Service (DoS) by submitting complex query_string inputs. This issue affects all OpenSearch versions between 3.0.0 and < 3.3.0 and OpenSearch < 2.19.4.

An issue was discovered in Foxit PhantomPDF before 8.3.12. It allows stack consumption via nested function calls for XML parsing.

A Denial Of Service vulnerability exists in the safe-svg (aka Safe SVG) plugin through 1.9.4 for WordPress, related to unlimited recursion for a '<use ... xlink:href="#identifier">' substring.

An issue was discovered in Foxit PDF Reader before 11.0.1 and PDF Editor before 11.0.1. It allows stack consumption during recursive processing of embedded XML nodes.

An issue was discovered in Foxit Reader and PhantomPDF before 10.1.4. It allows stack consumption via recursive function calls during the handling of XFA forms or link objects.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to version 7.1.2-12, using Magick to read a malicious SVG file resulted in a DoS attack. Version 7.1.2-12 fixes the issue.

A remote attacker might be able to cause infinite recursion in PowerDNS Recursor 4.8.0 via a DNS query that retrieves DS records for a misconfigured domain, because QName minimization is used in QM fallback mode. This is fixed in 4.8.1.

A Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability was discovered in the TON Lite Server before v2024.09. The vulnerability arises from the handling of external arguments passed to locally executed "get methods." An attacker can inject a constructed Continuation object (an internal TVM type) that is normally restricted within the VM. When the TVM executes this malicious continuation, it consumes excessive CPU resources while accruing disproportionately low virtual gas costs. This "free" computation allows an attacker to monopolize the Lite Server's processing power, significantly reducing its throughput and causing a denial of service for legitimate users acting through the gateway.

Mattermost versions 10.4.x <= 10.4.2, 10.5.x <= 10.5.0, 9.11.x <= 9.11.10 fail to properly validate the props used by the RetrospectivePost custom post type in the Playbooks plugin, which allows an attacker to create a specially crafted post with maliciously crafted props and cause a denial of service (DoS) of the web app for all users.

MongoDB Server may be susceptible to stack overflow due to JSON parsing mechanism, where specifically crafted JSON inputs may induce unwarranted levels of recursion, resulting in excessive stack space consumption. Such inputs can lead to a stack overflow that causes the server to crash which could occur pre-authorisation. This issue affects MongoDB Server v7.0 versions prior to 7.0.17 and MongoDB Server v8.0 versions prior to 8.0.5. The same issue affects MongoDB Server v6.0 versions prior to 6.0.21, but an attacker can only induce denial of service after authenticating.

uBlock Origin before 1.36.2 and nMatrix before 4.4.9 support an arbitrary depth of parameter nesting for strict blocking, which allows crafted web sites to cause a denial of service (unbounded recursion that can trigger memory consumption and a loss of all blocking functionality).

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit input validation in cmd services of the devices, allowing them to disrupt system operations and potentially cause a denial-of-service.

Oniguruma before 6.9.3 allows Stack Exhaustion in regcomp.c because of recursion in regparse.c.

HTTP2ToRawGRPCServerCodec in gRPC Swift 1.1.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to deny service via the delivery of many small messages within a single HTTP/2 frame, leading to Uncontrolled Recursion and stack consumption.

A flaw was discovered in GNU libiberty within demangle_path() in rust-demangle.c, as distributed in GNU Binutils version 2.36. A crafted symbol can cause stack memory to be exhausted leading to a crash.

Calling Parse on a "// +build" build tag line with deeply nested expressions can cause a panic due to stack exhaustion.

In Moodle, the file repository's URL parsing required additional recursion handling to mitigate the risk of recursion denial of service.

Bundle Protocol and CBOR dissector crashes in Wireshark 4.4.0 to 4.4.3 and 4.2.0 to 4.2.10 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file

Uncontrolled recursion in the json2pb component in Apache bRPC (version < 1.15.0) on all platforms allows remote attackers to make the server crash via sending deep recursive json data. Root Cause: The bRPC json2pb component uses rapidjson to parse json data from the network. The rapidjson parser uses a recursive parsing method by default. If the input json has a large depth of recursive structure, the parser function may run into stack overflow. Affected Scenarios: Use bRPC server with protobuf message to serve http+json requests from untrusted network. Or directly use JsonToProtoMessage to convert json from untrusted input. How to Fix: (Choose one of the following options)  1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.15.0, which fixes this issue. 2. Apply this patch: https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3099 Note: No matter which option you choose, you should know that the fix introduces a recursion depth limit with default value 100. It affects these functions:  ProtoMessageToJson, ProtoMessageToProtoJson, JsonToProtoMessage, and ProtoJsonToProtoMessage. If your requests contain json or protobuf messages that have a depth exceeding the limit, the request will be failed after applying the fix. You can modify the gflag json2pb_max_recursion_depth to change the limit.

Forge (also called `node-forge`) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.

Foxit Reader 9.6.0.25114 and earlier has two unique RecursiveCall bugs involving 3 functions exhausting available stack memory because of Uncontrolled Recursion in the V8 JavaScript engine (issue 2 of 2).

XGrammar is an open-source library for efficient, flexible, and portable structured generation. Prior to version 0.1.21, XGrammar has an infinite recursion issue in the grammar. This issue has been resolved in version 0.1.21.

Foxit Reader 9.6.0.25114 and earlier has two unique RecursiveCall bugs involving 3 functions exhausting available stack memory because of Uncontrolled Recursion in the V8 JavaScript engine (issue 1 of 2).

In Wireshark 3.0.0 to 3.0.1, 2.6.0 to 2.6.8, and 2.4.0 to 2.4.14, the dissection engine could crash. This was addressed in epan/packet.c by restricting the number of layers and consequently limiting recursion.

In Mcrouter prior to v0.41.0, a large struct input provided to the Carbon protocol reader could result in stack exhaustion and denial of service.

Mattermost Confluence Plugin version <1.5.0 fails to handle unexpected request body which allows attackers to crash the plugin via constant hit to create channel subscription endpoint with an invalid request body.

An Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input vulnerability in Routing Protocol Daemon (RPD) of Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause Denial of Service (DoS). If a BGP update is received over an established BGP session which contains a tunnel encapsulation attribute with a specifically malformed TLV, rpd will crash and restart. This issue affects: Junos OS: * all versions before 21.2R3-S7,  * from 21.3 before 21.3R3-S5,  * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S5,  * from 22.1 before 22.1R3-S5,  * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S3,  * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S2,  * from 22.4 before 22.4R3,  * from 23.2 before 23.2R1-S2, 23.2R2. Junos OS Evolved: * all versions before 21.2R3-S7-EVO,  * from 21.3-EVO before 21.3R3-S5-EVO,  * from 21.4-EVO before 21.4R3-S5-EVO,  * from 22.2-EVO before 22.2R3-S3-EVO,  * from 22.3-EVO before 22.3R3-S2-EVO,  * from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-EVO,  * from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R1-S2-EVO, 23.2R2-EVO. This is a related but separate issue than the one described in JSA75739