NATS-Server is a High-Performance server for NATS.io, a cloud and edge native messaging system. Prior to versions 2.11.15 and 2.12.6, for MQTT deployments using usercodes/passwords: MQTT passwords are incorrectly classified as a non-authenticating identity statement (JWT) and exposed via monitoring endpoints. Versions 2.11.14 and 2.12.6 contain a fix. As a workaround, ensure monitoring end-points are adequately secured. Best practice remains to not expose the monitoring endpoint to the Internet or other untrusted network users.

Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Prior to 0.32.0 and 1.16.0, Axios does not normalise IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses. When NO_PROXY lists an IPv4 address such as 127.0.0.1 or 169.254.169.254, a request URL using the IPv4-mapped IPv6 form (::ffff:7f00:1, ::ffff:a9fe:a9fe) still routes through the configured proxy. Node.js resolves these addresses to the underlying IPv4 host, so the request reaches the internal service via the proxy rather than being blocked. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.32.0 and 1.16.0.

jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to version 4.0.0, user control of the first argument of the loadFile method in the node.js build allows local file inclusion/path traversal. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized paths to the loadFile method, a user can retrieve file contents of arbitrary files in the local file system the node process is running in. The file contents are included verbatim in the generated PDFs. Other affected methods are `addImage`, `html`, and `addFont`. Only the node.js builds of the library are affected, namely the `dist/jspdf.node.js` and `dist/jspdf.node.min.js` files. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.0.0. This version restricts file system access per default. This semver-major update does not introduce other breaking changes. Some workarounds areavailable. With recent node versions, jsPDF recommends using the `--permission` flag in production. The feature was introduced experimentally in v20.0.0 and is stable since v22.13.0/v23.5.0/v24.0.0. For older node versions, sanitize user-provided paths before passing them to jsPDF.

A heap address information leak while using L2CAP_GET_CONF_OPT was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.1-rc1.

In FreeRADIUS 3.0 through 3.0.19, on average 1 in every 2048 EAP-pwd handshakes fails because the password element cannot be found within 10 iterations of the hunting and pecking loop. This leaks information that an attacker can use to recover the password of any user. This information leakage is similar to the "Dragonblood" attack and CVE-2019-9494.

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's memory deduplication mechanism. The max page sharing of Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM), added in Linux kernel version 4.4.0-96.119, can create a side channel. When the attacker and the victim share the same host and the default setting of KSM is "max page sharing=256", it is possible for the attacker to time the unmap to merge with the victim's page. The unmapping time depends on whether it merges with the victim's page and additional physical pages are created beyond the KSM's "max page share". Through these operations, the attacker can leak the victim's page.

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 13.4.13 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, self-hosted applications using the built-in Node.js server can be vulnerable to server-side request forgery through crafted WebSocket upgrade requests. An attacker can cause the server to proxy requests to arbitrary internal or external destinations, which may expose internal services or cloud metadata endpoints. Vercel-hosted deployments are not affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.16 and 16.2.5.

The default configuration of Red Hat JBoss Portal before 6.1.0 enables the JGroups diagnostics service with no authentication when a JGroups channel is started, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information (diagnostics) by accessing the service.

Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) is an open standard for machine learning interoperability. In versions up to and including 1.20.1, a security control bypass exists in onnx.hub.load() due to improper logic in the repository trust verification mechanism. While the function is designed to warn users when loading models from non-official sources, the use of the silent=True parameter completely suppresses all security warnings and confirmation prompts. This vulnerability transforms a standard model-loading function into a vector for Zero-Interaction Supply-Chain Attacks. When chained with file-system vulnerabilities, an attacker can silently exfiltrate sensitive files (SSH keys, cloud credentials) from the victim's machine the moment the model is loaded. As of time of publication, no known patched versions are available.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40, ImageMagick’s path security policy is enforced on the raw filename string before the filesystem resolves it. As a result, a policy rule such as /etc/* can be bypassed by a path traversal. The OS resolves the traversal and opens the sensitive file, but the policy matcher only sees the unnormalized path and therefore allows the read. This enables local file disclosure (LFI) even when policy-secure.xml is applied. Actions to prevent reading from files have been taken in versions .7.1.2-15 and 6.9.13-40 But it make sure writing is also not possible the following should be added to one's policy. This will also be included in ImageMagick's more secure policies by default.

Pydantic AI is a Python agent framework for building applications and workflows with Generative AI. From 0.0.26 to before 1.56.0, aServer-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in Pydantic AI's URL download functionality. When applications accept message history from untrusted sources, attackers can include malicious URLs that cause the server to make HTTP requests to internal network resources, potentially accessing internal services or cloud credentials. This vulnerability only affects applications that accept message history from external users. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.56.0.

External Control of File Name or Path (CWE-73) combined with Server-Side Request Forgery (CWE-918) can allow an attacker to cause arbitrary file disclosure through a specially crafted credentials JSON payload in the Google Gemini connector configuration. This requires an attacker to have authenticated access with privileges sufficient to create or modify connectors (Alerts & Connectors: All). The server processes a configuration without proper validation, allowing for arbitrary network requests and for arbitrary file reads.

If kdcproxy receives a request for a realm which does not have server addresses defined in its configuration, by default, it will query SRV records in the DNS zone matching the requested realm name. This creates a server-side request forgery vulnerability, since an attacker could send a request for a realm matching a DNS zone where they created SRV records pointing to arbitrary ports and hostnames (which may resolve to loopback or internal IP addresses). This vulnerability can be exploited to probe internal network topology and firewall rules, perform port scanning, and exfiltrate data. Deployments where the "use_dns" setting is explicitly set to false are not affected.

In Pallets Jinja before 2.10.1, str.format_map allows a sandbox escape.

Pulp in Red Hat CloudForms before 1.1 logs administrative passwords in a world-readable file, which allows local users to read pulp administrative passwords by reading production.log.

JGroups diagnostics service in JBoss Enterprise Portal Platform before 5.2.2, SOA Platform before 5.3.0, and BRMS Platform before 5.3.0, is enabled without authentication when started by the JGroups channel, which allows remote attackers in adjacent networks to read diagnostics information via a crafted IP multicast.

Cast in Google Chrome prior to 57.0.2987.98 for Mac, Windows, and Linux and 57.0.2987.108 for Android sent cookies to sites discovered via SSDP, which allowed an attacker on the local network segment to initiate connections to arbitrary URLs and observe any plaintext cookies sent.

A flaw was found in OVN (Open Virtual Network). A remote attacker, by sending crafted DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6) SOLICIT packets with an inflated Client ID length, could cause the ovn-controller to read beyond the bounds of a packet. This out-of-bounds read can lead to the disclosure of sensitive information stored in heap memory, which is then returned to the attacker's virtual machine port.

Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to versions 2.11.43, 3.6.14, and 3.7.0-rc.2, there is a high severity authentication bypass vulnerability in Traefik's StripPrefixRegex middleware when used in combination with ForwardAuth, BasicAuth, or DigestAuth. The middleware matches the regex against the decoded URL path but uses the resulting byte length to slice the percent-encoded raw path. When a dot (or multiple dots) appears in the prefix portion of the URL, the raw path after stripping becomes a dot-segment (e.g. /./admin/secret). ForwardAuth receives this dot-segment path in X-Forwarded-Uri, which does not match the protected path patterns and therefore allows the request through. The backend then normalizes the dot-segment to the real path per RFC 3986 and serves the protected content An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this against any backend that performs dot-segment normalization. This issue has been patched in versions 2.11.43, 3.6.14, and 3.7.0-rc.2.

A heap data infoleak in multiple locations including L2CAP_PARSE_CONF_RSP was found in the Linux kernel before 5.1-rc1.

Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) is an open standard for machine learning interoperability. Prior to version 1.21.0, a path traversal vulnerability via symlink allows to read arbitrary files outside model or user-provided directory. This issue has been patched in version 1.21.0.

The image build process for the overcloud images in Red Hat OpenStack Platform 8.0 (Liberty) director and Red Hat Enterprise Linux OpenStack Platform 7.0 (Kilo) director (aka overcloud-full) use a default root password of ROOTPW, which allows attackers to gain access via unspecified vectors.

A Red Hat only CVE-2020-12352 regression issue was found in the way the Linux kernel's Bluetooth stack implementation handled the initialization of stack memory when handling certain AMP packets. This flaw allows a remote attacker in an adjacent range to leak small portions of stack memory on the system by sending specially crafted AMP packets. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality.

It was found that Samba before versions 4.5.3, 4.4.8, 4.3.13 always requested forwardable tickets when using Kerberos authentication. A service to which Samba authenticated using Kerberos could subsequently use the ticket to impersonate Samba to other services or domain users.

A flaw was found in the ansible automation platform. An insecure WebSocket connection was being used in installation from the Ansible rulebook EDA server. An attacker that has access to any machine in the CIDR block could download all rulebook data from the WebSocket, resulting in loss of confidentiality and integrity of the system.

A vulnerability was found in Keycloak. The environment option `KC_CACHE_EMBEDDED_MTLS_ENABLED` does not work and the JGroups replication configuration is always used in plain text which can allow an attacker that has access to adjacent networks related to JGroups to read sensitive information.

A flaw was found in Foreman project. A credential leak was identified which will expose Azure Compute Profile password through JSON of the API output. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.

A flaw was found in libsoup. When establishing HTTPS tunnels through a configured HTTP proxy, sensitive session cookies are transmitted in cleartext within the initial HTTP CONNECT request. A network-positioned attacker or a malicious HTTP proxy can intercept these cookies, leading to potential session hijacking or user impersonation.

A flaw was found in Event-Driven Automation (EDA) in Ansible Automation Platform (AAP), which lacks encryption of sensitive information. An attacker with network access could exploit this vulnerability by sniffing the plaintext data transmitted between the EDA and AAP. An attacker with system access could exploit this vulnerability by reading the plaintext data stored in EDA and AAP databases.

A flaw was found in Ansible. Sensitive cookies without security flags over non-encrypted channels can lead to Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) and Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks allowing attackers to read transmitted data.

A flaw was found in OpenStack. Multiple components show plain-text passwords in /var/log/messages during the OpenStack overcloud update run, leading to a disclosure of sensitive information problem.

The IIOP OpenJDK Subsystem in WildFly before version 14.0.0 does not honour configuration when SSL transport is required. Servers before this version that are configured with the following setting allow clients to create plaintext connections: <transport-config confidentiality="required" trust-in-target="supported"/>

A flaw was found in Red Hat OpenShift Data Science. When exporting a pipeline from the Elyra notebook pipeline editor as Python DSL or YAML, it reads S3 credentials from the cluster (ds pipeline server) and saves them in plain text in the generated output instead of an ID for a Kubernetes secret.

IBM Robotic Process Automation 20.12.0 through 21.0.2 defaults to HTTP in some RPA commands when the prefix is not explicitly specified in the URL. This could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques. IBM X-Force ID: 244109.

A flaw was found in the Keycloak package, more specifically org.keycloak.userprofile. When a user registers itself through registration flow, the "password" and "password-confirm" field from the form will occur as regular user attributes. All users and clients with proper rights and roles are able to read users attributes, allowing a malicious user with minimal access to retrieve the users passwords in clear text, jeopardizing their environment.

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's implementation of some networking protocols in IPsec, such as VXLAN and GENEVE tunnels over IPv6. When an encrypted tunnel is created between two hosts, the kernel isn't correctly routing tunneled data over the encrypted link; rather sending the data unencrypted. This would allow anyone in between the two endpoints to read the traffic unencrypted. The main threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality.

The Conexus telemetry protocol utilized within Medtronic MyCareLink Monitor versions 24950 and 24952, CareLink Monitor version 2490C, CareLink 2090 Programmer, Amplia CRT-D, Claria CRT-D, Compia CRT-D, Concerto CRT-D, Concerto II CRT-D, Consulta CRT-D, Evera ICD, Maximo II CRT-D and ICD, Mirro ICD, Nayamed ND ICD, Primo ICD, Protecta ICD and CRT-D, Secura ICD, Virtuoso ICD, Virtuoso II ICD, Visia AF ICD, and Viva CRT-D does not implement encryption. An attacker with adjacent short-range access to a target product can listen to communications, including the transmission of sensitive data.

BIOTRONIK CardioMessenger II, The affected products transmit credentials in clear-text prior to switching to an encrypted communication channel. An attacker can disclose the product’s client credentials for connecting to the BIOTRONIK Remote Communication infrastructure.

The Nulock application 1.5.0 for mobile devices sends a cleartext password over Bluetooth, which allows remote attackers (after sniffing the network) to take control of the lock.

The Restaurant Brands International (RBI) assistant platform through 2025-09-06 transmits passwords of user accounts in cleartext e-mail messages.

Philips e-Alert Unit (non-medical device), Version R2.1 and prior. The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors. The Philips e-Alert communication channel is not encrypted which could therefore lead to disclosure of personal contact information and application login credentials from within the same subnet.

An attacker within BLE communication range can passively intercept wireless traffic and obtain sensitive health-related information, including glucose measurement values.

SITEL CAP/PRX firmware version 5.2.01 allows an attacker with access to the local network of the device to obtain the authentication passwords by analysing the network traffic.

The Infinite Design application 3.4.12 for Android sends a username and password via TCP without any encryption during login, as demonstrated by sniffing of a public Wi-Fi network.

The TikTok (formerly Musical.ly) application 12.2.0 for Android and iOS performs unencrypted transmission of images, videos, and likes. This allows an attacker to extract private sensitive information by sniffing network traffic.

This vulnerability exists in Airveda Air Quality Monitor PM2.5 PM10 due to transmission of sensitive information in plain text during AP pairing mode. An attacker in close proximity could exploit this vulnerability by capturing Wi-Fi traffic of Airveda-AP. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to cause Evil Twin attack on the targeted system.

A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC HMI Basic Panels 1st Generation (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC HMI Basic Panels 2nd Generation (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC HMI KTP700F Mobile Arctic (All versions), SIMATIC HMI Mobile Panels 2nd Generation (All versions), SIMATIC WinCC Runtime Advanced (All versions). Unencrypted communication between the configuration software and the respective device could allow an attacker to capture potential plain text communication and have access to sensitive information.

Open WebUI Cleartext Transmission of Credentials Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Open WebUI. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of credentials provided to the endpoint. The issue results from transmitting sensitive information in plaintext. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose transmitted credentials, leading to further compromise. Was ZDI-CAN-28259.