Rubygems.org is the Ruby community's gem hosting service. Rubygems.org users with MFA enabled would normally be protected from account takeover in the case of email account takeover. However, a workaround on the forgotten password form allows an attacker to bypass the MFA requirement and takeover the account. This vulnerability has been patched in commit 0b3272a.

Autolab, a course management service that enables auto-graded programming assignments, has misconfigured reset password permissions in version 3.0.0. For email-based accounts, users with insufficient privileges could reset and theoretically access privileged users' accounts by resetting their passwords. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.1. No known workarounds exist.

Crabbox prior to v0.12.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows non-admin shared-token callers to impersonate other owners or organizations by spoofing identity headers. Attackers can inject malicious X-Crabbox-Owner and X-Crabbox-Org headers in requests authenticated with a shared token to bypass authorization checks and access owner/org-scoped lease operations belonging to victim accounts.

As of v1.5.0, the default admin password is set to the argocd-server pod name. For insiders with access to the cluster or logs, this issue could be abused for privilege escalation, as Argo has privileged roles. A malicious insider is the most realistic threat, but pod names are not meant to be kept secret and could wind up just about anywhere.

An issue was discovered in OpenText Content Suite Platform 22.1 (16.2.19.1803). The request handler for ll.KeepAliveSession sets a valid AdminPwd cookie even when the Web Admin password was not entered. This allows access to endpoints, which require a valid AdminPwd cookie, without knowing the password.

Improper authentication vulnerability in UDR-JA1604/UDR-JA1608/UDR-JA1616 firmware versions 71x10.1.107112.43A and earlier allows a remote authenticated attacker to execute an arbitrary OS command on the device or alter the device settings.

Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerability in Hitachi Storage Plug-in for VMware vCenter allows remote authenticated users to cause privilege escalation. This issue affects Hitachi Storage Plug-in for VMware vCenter: from 04.9.0 before 04.9.1.

Improper authentication in the Intel(R) DCM software before version 5.1 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via network access.

Once an user is authenticated on Jolokia, he can potentially trigger arbitrary code execution.  In details, in ActiveMQ configurations, jetty allows org.jolokia.http.AgentServlet to handler request to /api/jolokia org.jolokia.http.HttpRequestHandler#handlePostRequest is able to create JmxRequest through JSONObject. And calls to org.jolokia.http.HttpRequestHandler#executeRequest. Into deeper calling stacks, org.jolokia.handler.ExecHandler#doHandleRequest can be invoked through refection. This could lead to RCE through via various mbeans. One example is unrestricted deserialization in jdk.management.jfr.FlightRecorderMXBeanImpl which exists on Java version above 11. 1 Call newRecording. 2 Call setConfiguration. And a webshell data hides in it. 3 Call startRecording. 4 Call copyTo method. The webshell will be written to a .jsp file. The mitigation is to restrict (by default) the actions authorized on Jolokia, or disable Jolokia. A more restrictive Jolokia configuration has been defined in default ActiveMQ distribution. We encourage users to upgrade to ActiveMQ distributions version including updated Jolokia configuration: 5.16.6, 5.17.4, 5.18.0, 6.0.0.

Incorrect Privilege Assignment vulnerability in Hitachi Storage Plug-in for VMware vCenter allows remote authenticated users to cause privilege escalation. This issue affects Hitachi Storage Plug-in for VMware vCenter: from 04.8.0 before 04.9.1.

Agentflow BPM enterprise management system has improper authentication. A remote attacker with general user privilege can change the name of the user account to acquire arbitrary account privilege, and access, manipulate system or disrupt service.

An issue was discovered in Aviatrix Gateway before 6.6.5712 and 6.7.x before 6.7.1376. Because Gateway API functions mishandle authentication, an authenticated VPN user can inject arbitrary commands.

Arvados is an open source platform for managing and analyzing biomedical big data. In versions prior to 2.4.3, when using Portable Authentication Modules (PAM) for user authentication, if a user presented valid credentials but the account is disabled or otherwise not allowed to access the host (such as an expired password), it would still be accepted for access to Arvados. Other authentication methods (LDAP, OpenID Connect) supported by Arvados are not affected by this flaw. This issue is patched in version 2.4.3. Workaround for this issue is to migrate to a different authentication method supported by Arvados, such as LDAP.

SolarWinds Platform was susceptible to Improper Input Validation. This vulnerability allows a remote adversary with valid access to SolarWinds Web Console to escalate user privileges.

Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. From version 2.10.0 to before version 2.11.2, forward_auth copy_headers does not strip client-supplied headers, allowing identity injection and privilege escalation. This issue has been patched in version 2.11.2.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 9.5.2-alpha.9. and 8.6.22, the OAuth2 authentication adapter, when configured without the useridField option, only verifies that a token is active via the provider's token introspection endpoint, but does not verify that the token belongs to the user identified by authData.id. An attacker with any valid OAuth2 token from the same provider can authenticate as any other user. This affects any Parse Server deployment that uses the generic OAuth2 authentication adapter (configured with oauth2: true) without setting the useridField option. This vulnerability is fixed in 9.5.2-alpha.9. and 8.6.22.

OliveTin gives access to predefined shell commands from a web interface. Prior to version 3000.11.1, when JWT authentication is configured using either "authJwtPubKeyPath" (local RSA public key) or "authJwtHmacSecret" (HMAC secret), the configured audience value (authJwtAud) is not enforced during token parsing. As a result, validly signed JWT tokens with an incorrect aud claim are accepted for authentication. This allows authentication using tokens intended for a different audience/service. This issue has been patched in version 3000.11.1.

Statmatic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Starting in version 6.0.0 and prior to version 6.4.0, Authenticated Control Panel users may under certain conditions obtain elevated privileges without completing the intended verification step. This can allow access to sensitive operations and, depending on the user’s existing permissions, may lead to privilege escalation. This has been fixed in 6.4.0.

An issue was discovered on V-SOL V1600D V2.03.69 and V2.03.57, V1600D4L V1.01.49, V1600D-MINI V1.01.48, V1600G1 V2.0.7 and V1.9.7, and V1600G2 V1.1.4 OLT devices. It is possible to elevate the privilege of a CLI user (to full administrative access) by using the password !j@l#y$z%x6x7q8c9z) for the enable command.

authentik is an open-source identity provider. Prior to 2025.8.6, 2025.10.4, and 2025.12.4, when using a SAML Source that has the option Verify Assertion Signature under Verification Certificate enabled and not Verify Response Signature, or does not have the Encryption Certificate setting under Advanced Protocol settings configured, it was possible for an attacker to inject a malicious assertion before the signed assertion that authentik would use instead. authentik 2025.8.6, 2025.10.4, and 2025.12.4 fix this issue.

A improper authentication vulnerability exists in Rocket.Chat <v5, <v4.8.2 and <v4.7.5 that allowed two factor authentication can be bypassed when telling the server to use CAS during login.

Boodskap IoT Platform v4.4.9-02 allows attackers to escalate privileges via a crafted request sent to /api/user/upsert/<uuid>.

PolarLearn is a free and open-source learning program. In 0-PRERELEASE-15 and earlier, POST /api/v1/auth/sign-in creates a valid session for banned accounts before verifying the supplied password. That session is then accepted across authenticated /api routes, enabling account data access and authenticated actions as the banned user.

Improper Authentication vulnerability in miniOrange OAuth Single Sign On – SSO (OAuth Client) plugin allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects OAuth Single Sign On – SSO (OAuth Client): from n/a through 6.23.3.

OAuthenticator is software that allows OAuth2 identity providers to be plugged in and used with JupyterHub. Prior to version 17.4.0, an authentication bypass vulnerability in oauthenticator allows an attacker with an unverified email address on an Auth0 tenant to login to JupyterHub. When email is used as the usrname_claim, this gives users control over their username and the possibility of account takeover. This issue has been patched in version 17.4.0.

Frigate is a network video recorder (NVR) with realtime local object detection for IP cameras. Versions prior to 0.17.0-beta1 allow any authenticated user to change their own password without verifying the current password through the /users/{username}/password endpoint. Changing a password does not invalidate existing JWT tokens, and there is no validation of password strength. If an attacker obtains a valid session token (e.g., via accidentally exposed JWT, stolen cookie, XSS, compromised device, or sniffing over HTTP), they can change the victim’s password and gain permanent control of the account. Since password changes do not invalidate existing JWT tokens, session hijacks persist even after a password reset. Additionally, the lack of password strength validation exposes accounts to brute-force attacks. This issue has been resolved in version 0.17.0-beta1.

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 9.5.2-alpha.5 and 8.6.18, the Keycloak authentication adapter does not validate the azp (authorized party) claim of Keycloak access tokens against the configured client-id. A valid access token issued by the same Keycloak realm for a different client application can be used to authenticate as any user on the Parse Server that uses the Keycloak adapter. This enables cross-application account takeover in multi-client Keycloak realms. All Parse Server deployments that use the Keycloak authentication adapter with a Keycloak realm that has multiple client applications are affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 9.5.2-alpha.5 and 8.6.18.

Improper authentication in Windows Admin Center allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

An improper password check exists in the login functionality of WWBN AVideo 11.6 and dev master commit 3f7c0364. An attacker that owns a users' password hash will be able to use it to directly login into the account, leading to increased privileges.

The Keyy Two Factor Authentication (like Clef) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to privilege escalation via account takeover in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.3. This is due to the plugin not properly validating a user's identity associated with a token generated. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to generate valid auth tokens and leverage that to auto-login as other accounts, including administrators, as long as the administrator has the 2FA set up.

Unverified Password Change in GitHub repository phpfusion/phpfusion prior to 9.10.20.

An issue was discovered in the auth component in Dovecot 2.2 and 2.3 before 2.3.20. When two passdb configuration entries exist with the same driver and args settings, incorrect username_filter and mechanism settings can be applied to passdb definitions. These incorrectly applied settings can lead to an unintended security configuration and can permit privilege escalation in certain configurations. The documentation does not advise against the use of passdb definitions that have the same driver and args settings. One such configuration would be where an administrator wishes to use the same PAM configuration or passwd file for both normal and master users but use the username_filter setting to restrict which of the users is able to be a master user.

Indy Node is the server portion of a distributed ledger purpose-built for decentralized identity. In versions 1.12.4 and prior, the `pool-upgrade` request handler in Indy-Node allows an improperly authenticated attacker to remotely execute code on nodes within the network. The `pool-upgrade` request handler in Indy-Node 1.12.5 has been updated to properly authenticate pool-upgrade transactions before any processing is performed by the request handler. The transactions are further sanitized to prevent remote code execution. As a workaround, endorsers should not create DIDs for untrusted users. A vulnerable ledger should configure `auth_rules` to prevent new DIDs from being written to the ledger until the network can be upgraded.

A CWE-287: Improper Authentication vulnerability exists that could allow an attacker to take over the admin account when an attacker hijacks a session. Affected Products: Wiser Smart, EER21000 & EER21001 (V4.5 and prior)

Certain Zyxel products have a locally accessible binary that allows a non-root user to generate a password for an undocumented user account that can be used for a TELNET session as root. This affects NAS520 V5.21(AASZ.4)C0, V5.21(AASZ.0)C0, V5.11(AASZ.3)C0, and V5.11(AASZ.0)C0; NAS542 V5.11(ABAG.0)C0, V5.20(ABAG.1)C0, and V5.21(ABAG.3)C0; NSA325 v2_V4.81(AALS.0)C0 and V4.81(AAAJ.1)C0; NSA310 4.22(AFK.0)C0 and 4.22(AFK.1)C0; NAS326 V5.21(AAZF.8)C0, V5.11(AAZF.4)C0, V5.11(AAZF.2)C0, and V5.11(AAZF.3)C0; NSA310S V4.75(AALH.2)C0; NSA320S V4.75(AANV.2)C0 and V4.75(AANV.1)C0; NSA221 V4.41(AFM.1)C0; and NAS540 V5.21(AATB.5)C0 and V5.21(AATB.3)C0.

In the Macally WIFISD2-2A82 Media and Travel Router 2.000.010, the Guest user is able to reset its own password. This process has a vulnerability which can be used to take over the administrator account and results in shell access. As the admin user may read the /etc/shadow file, the password hashes of each user (including root) can be dumped. The root hash can be cracked easily which results in a complete system compromise.

Improper authentication in Veeam Backup & Replication 9.5U3, 9.5U4,10.x and 11.x component used for Microsoft System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) allows attackers execute arbitrary code via Veeam.Backup.PSManager.exe

django-mfa3 is a library that implements multi factor authentication for the django web framework. It achieves this by modifying the regular login view. Django however has a second login view for its admin area. This second login view was not modified, so the multi factor authentication can be bypassed. Users are affected if they have activated both django-mfa3 (< 0.5.0) and django.contrib.admin and have not taken any other measures to prevent users from accessing the admin login view. The issue has been fixed in django-mfa3 0.5.0. It is possible to work around the issue by overwriting the admin login route, e.g. by adding the following URL definition *before* the admin routes: url('admin/login/', lambda request: redirect(settings.LOGIN_URL)

A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Exchange software when the software fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka 'Microsoft Exchange Memory Corruption Vulnerability'.

A flaw was found in StarWind Stack. The endpoint for setting a new password doesn’t check the current username and old password. An attacker could reset any local user password (including system/administrator user) using any available user This affects StarWind SAN and NAS v0.2 build 1633.

capsule-proxy is a reverse proxy for Capsule Operator which provides multi-tenancy in Kubernetes. In versions prior to 0.2.1 an attacker with a proper authentication mechanism may use a malicious `Connection` header to start a privilege escalation attack towards the Kubernetes API Server. This vulnerability allows for an exploit of the `cluster-admin` Role bound to `capsule-proxy`. There are no known workarounds for this issue.

An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Mojave 10.14.5. A user may be unexpectedly logged in to another user’s account.

CAMS for HIS Server contained in the following Yokogawa Electric products improperly authenticate the receiving packets. The authentication may be bypassed via some crafted packets: CENTUM CS 3000 versions from R3.08.10 to R3.09.00, CENTUM VP versions from R4.01.00 to R4.03.00, from R5.01.00 to R5.04.20, and from R6.01.00 to R6.08.00, and Exaopc versions from R3.72.00 to R3.79.00.

Prima Systems FlexAir, Versions 2.3.38 and prior. The application allows improper authentication using the MD5 hash value of the password, which may allow an attacker with access to the database to login as admin without decrypting the password.

Discourse is an open source discussion platform. Versions prior to 2.7.13 in `stable`, 2.8.0.beta11 in `beta`, and 2.8.0.beta11 in `tests-passed` allow some users to log in to a community before they should be able to do so. A user invited via email to a forum with `must_approve_users` enabled is going to be automatically logged in, bypassing the check that does not allow unapproved users to sign in. They will be able to do everything an approved user can do. If they logout, they cannot log back in. This issue is patched in the `stable` version 2.7.13, `beta` version 2.8.0.beta11, and `tests-passed` version 2.8.0.beta11. One may disable invites as a workaround. Administrators can increase `min_trust_level_to_allow_invite` to reduce the attack surface to more trusted users.

A flaw was found in Samba. The security vulnerability occurs when KDC and the kpasswd service share a single account and set of keys, allowing them to decrypt each other's tickets. A user who has been requested to change their password, can exploit this flaw to obtain and use tickets to other services.

An issue was discovered in OverIT Geocall 6.3 before build 2:346977. Weak authentication and session management allows an authenticated user to obtain access to the Administrative control panel and execute administrative functions.

An improper authentication vulnerability [CWE-287] in FortiOS versions 7.4.1 and below, versions 7.2.6 and below, and versions 7.0.12 and below when configured with FortiAuthenticator in HA may allow a readonly user to gain read-write access via successive login attempts.

A authentication bypass vulnerability exists in GitLab CE/EE <v12.3.2, <v12.2.6, and <v12.1.10 in the Salesforce login integration that could be used by an attacker to create an account that bypassed domain restrictions and email verification requirements.

A vulnerability within the authentication process of Abacus ERP allows a remote attacker to bypass the second authentication factor. This issue affects: Abacus ERP v2022 versions prior to R1 of 2022-01-15; v2021 versions prior to R4 of 2022-01-15; v2020 versions prior to R6 of 2022-01-15; v2019 versions later than R5 (service pack); v2018 versions later than R5 (service pack). This issue does not affect: Abacus ERP v2019 versions prior to R5 of 2020-03-15; v2018 versions prior to R7 of 2020-04-15; v2017 version and prior versions and prior versions.