yt-dlp is a feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader. In versions 2025.06.25 and below, when the --exec option is used on Windows with the default placeholder (or {}), insufficient sanitization is applied to the expanded filepath, allowing for remote code execution. This is a bypass of the mitigation for CVE-2024-22423 where the default placeholder and {} were not covered by the new escaping rules. Windows users who are unable to upgrade should avoid using --exec altogether. Instead, the --write-info-json or --dump-json options could be used, with an external script or command line consuming the JSON output. This is fixed in version 2025.07.21.

yt-dlp is a youtube-dl fork with additional features and fixes. yt-dlp allows the user to provide shell command lines to be executed at various stages in its download steps through the `--exec` flag. This flag allows output template expansion in its argument, so that metadata values may be used in the shell commands. The metadata fields can be combined with the `%q` conversion, which is intended to quote/escape these values so they can be safely passed to the shell. However, the escaping used for `cmd` (the shell used by Python's `subprocess` on Windows) does not properly escape special characters, which can allow for remote code execution if `--exec` is used directly with maliciously crafted remote data. This vulnerability only impacts `yt-dlp` on Windows, and the vulnerability is present regardless of whether `yt-dlp` is run from `cmd` or from `PowerShell`. Support for output template expansion in `--exec`, along with this vulnerable behavior, was added to `yt-dlp` in version 2021.04.11. yt-dlp version 2023.09.24 fixes this issue by properly escaping each special character. `\n` will be replaced by `\r` as no way of escaping it has been found. It is recommended to upgrade yt-dlp to version 2023.09.24 as soon as possible. Also, always be careful when using --exec, because while this specific vulnerability has been patched, using unvalidated input in shell commands is inherently dangerous. For Windows users who are not able to upgrade: 1. Avoid using any output template expansion in --exec other than {} (filepath). 2. If expansion in --exec is needed, verify the fields you are using do not contain ", | or &. 3. Instead of using --exec, write the info json and load the fields from it instead.

yt-dlp is a youtube-dl fork with additional features and fixes. The patch that addressed CVE-2023-40581 attempted to prevent RCE when using `--exec` with `%q` by replacing double quotes with two double quotes. However, this escaping is not sufficient, and still allows expansion of environment variables. Support for output template expansion in `--exec`, along with this vulnerable behavior, was added to `yt-dlp` in version 2021.04.11. yt-dlp version 2024.04.09 fixes this issue by properly escaping `%`. It replaces them with `%%cd:~,%`, a variable that expands to nothing, leaving only the leading percent. It is recommended to upgrade yt-dlp to version 2024.04.09 as soon as possible. Also, always be careful when using `--exec`, because while this specific vulnerability has been patched, using unvalidated input in shell commands is inherently dangerous. For Windows users who are not able to upgrade, avoid using any output template expansion in `--exec` other than `{}` (filepath); if expansion in `--exec` is needed, verify the fields you are using do not contain `"`, `|` or `&`; and/or instead of using `--exec`, write the info json and load the fields from it instead.

The com.unity3d.kharma protocol handler in Unity Editor 2018.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code.

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Malwarebytes Antimalware 3.6.1.2711. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious web page. There is an issue with the way the product handles URIs within certain schemes. The product does not warn the user that a dangerous navigation is about to take place. Because special characters in the URI are not sanitized, this could lead to the execution of arbitrary commands. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user at medium integrity. Was ZDI-CAN-7162.

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Bitdefender SafePay 23.0.10.34. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the processing of TIScript. When processing the launch method the application does not properly validate a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-7250.

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of Bitdefender SafePay 23.0.10.34. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the processing of tiscript. When processing the System.Exec method the application does not properly validate a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-7234.

An issue was discovered on Moxa AWK-3121 1.14 devices. It provides functionality so that an administrator can run scripts on the device to troubleshoot any issues. However, the same functionality allows an attacker to execute commands on the device. The POST parameter "iw_filename" is susceptible to command injection via shell metacharacters.

An issue was discovered on Moxa AWK-3121 1.14 devices. The Moxa AWK 3121 provides ping functionality so that an administrator can execute ICMP calls to check if the network is working correctly. However, the same functionality allows an attacker to execute commands on the device. The POST parameter "srvName" is susceptible to this injection. By crafting a packet that contains shell metacharacters, it is possible for an attacker to execute the attack.

reconFTW is a tool designed to perform automated recon on a target domain by running the best set of tools to perform scanning and finding out vulnerabilities. A vulnerability has been identified in reconftw where inadequate validation of retrieved subdomains may lead to a Remote Code Execution (RCE) attack. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious CSP entry on it's own domain. Successful exploitation can lead to the execution of arbitrary code within the context of the application, potentially compromising the system. This issue has been addressed in version 2.7.1.1 and all users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

OpenClaw is a personal AI assistant. Versions 2026.1.8 through 2026.2.13 have a command injection in the maintainer/dev script `scripts/update-clawtributors.ts`. The issue affects contributors/maintainers (or CI) who run `bun scripts/update-clawtributors.ts` in a source checkout that contains a malicious commit author email (e.g. crafted `@users[.]noreply[.]github[.]com` values). Normal CLI usage is not affected (`npm i -g openclaw`): this script is not part of the shipped CLI and is not executed during routine operation. The script derived a GitHub login from `git log` author metadata and interpolated it into a shell command (via `execSync`). A malicious commit record could inject shell metacharacters and execute arbitrary commands when the script is run. Version 2026.2.14 contains a patch.

In Zmanda Management Console 3.3.9, ZMC_Admin_Advanced?form=adminTasks&action=Apply&command= allows CSRF, as demonstrated by command injection with shell metacharacters. This may depend on weak default credentials.

An issue was discovered in Centreon before 18.10.8, 19.10.1, and 19.04.2. It allows CSRF with resultant remote command execution via shell metacharacters in a POST to centreon-autodiscovery-server/views/scan/ajax/call.php in the Autodiscovery plugin.

An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect Video Station. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Video Station 5.7.2 ( 2023/11/23 ) and later

The Zoom Client before 4.4.53932.0709 on macOS allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-13450. If the ZoomOpener daemon (aka the hidden web server) is running, but the Zoom Client is not installed or can't be opened, an attacker can remotely execute code with a maliciously crafted launch URL. NOTE: ZoomOpener is removed by the Apple Malware Removal Tool (MRT) if this tool is enabled and has the 2019-07-10 MRTConfigData.

Toshiba ConfigFree 8.0.38 has a CF7 File Remote Command Execution Vulnerability

Pi-Hole 4.3 allows Command Injection.

The CRUDDIY project is vulnerable to shell command injection via sending a crafted POST request to the application server.  The exploitation risk is limited since CRUDDIY is meant to be launched locally. Nevertheless, a user with the project running on their computer might visit a website which would send such a malicious request to the locally launched server.

The "go get" implementation in Go 1.9.4, when the -insecure command-line option is used, does not validate the import path (get/vcs.go only checks for "://" anywhere in the string), which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via a crafted web site.

Teleport 9.3.6 is vulnerable to Command injection leading to Remote Code Execution. An attacker can craft a malicious ssh agent installation link by URL encoding a bash escape with carriage return line feed. This url encoded payload can be used in place of a token and sent to a user in a social engineering attack. This is fully unauthenticated attack utilizing the trusted teleport server to deliver the payload.

An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. QuTScloud, QVR, QES are not affected. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 4.5.4.2790 build 20240605 and later QuTS hero h4.5.4.2626 build 20231225 and later

Brook is a cross-platform programmable network tool. The `tproxy` server is vulnerable to a drive-by command injection. An attacker may fool a victim into visiting a malicious web page which will trigger requests to the local `tproxy` service leading to remote code execution. A patch is available in version 20230606.

Two OS command injection vulnerabilities exist in the urvpn_client cmd_name_action functionality of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5. A specially crafted network request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger these vulnerabilities.This OS command injection is triggered through a TCP packet.

A vulnerability in the IBM TS7700 Management Interface 8.51.2.12, 8.52.200.111, 8.52.102.13, and 8.53.0.63 could allow an authenticated user to submit a specially crafted URL leading to privilege escalation and remote code execution. IBM X-Force ID: 246320.

A flaw was found with the libssh API function ssh_scp_new() in versions before 0.9.3 and before 0.8.8. When the libssh SCP client connects to a server, the scp command, which includes a user-provided path, is executed on the server-side. In case the library is used in a way where users can influence the third parameter of the function, it would become possible for an attacker to inject arbitrary commands, leading to a compromise of the remote target.

An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QUSBCam2. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: QUSBCam2 2.0.3 ( 2023/06/15 ) and later

ChangingTec ServiSign component has insufficient filtering for special characters in the connection response parameter. An unauthenticated remote attacker can host a malicious website for the component user to access, which triggers command injection and allows the attacker to execute arbitrary system command to perform arbitrary system operation or disrupt service.

The ZoomLauncher binary in the Zoom client for Linux before 2.0.115900.1201 does not properly sanitize user input when constructing a shell command, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by leveraging the zoommtg:// scheme handler.

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Comodo Internet Security Premium 12.3.4.8162. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file cis_update_x64.xml of the component Manifest File Handler. The manipulation of the argument binary/params leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.7 and below, when MCP uses OAuth authentication with an untrusted MCP server, an attacker can impersonate a malicious MCP server and return crafted, maliciously injected commands during the interaction process, leading to command injection and potential remote code execution. If chained with an untrusted MCP service via OAuth, this command injection vulnerability could allow arbitrary code execution on the host by the agent. This can then be used to directly compromise the system by executing malicious commands with full user privileges. This issue does not currently have a fixed release version, but there is a patch, 2025.09.17-25b418f.

An issue in Plasmoapp RPShare Fabric mod v.1.0.0 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the build method in DonwloadPromptScreen

Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.19.0, an unauthenticated attacker can pollute the internal state (`restoreFilePath`) of the server via the `/skServer/validateBackup` endpoint. This allows the attacker to hijack the administrator's "Restore" functionality to overwrite critical server configuration files (e.g., `security.json`, `package.json`), leading to account takeover and Remote Code Execution (RCE). Version 2.19.0 patches this vulnerability.

The tinygltf library uses the C library function wordexp() to perform file path expansion on untrusted paths that are provided from the input file. This function allows for command injection by using backticks. An attacker could craft an untrusted path input that would result in a path expansion. We recommend upgrading to 2.6.0 or past commit 52ff00a38447f06a17eab1caa2cf0730a119c751

Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions and below, a vulnerability in the Cursor CLI Beta allowed an attacker to achieve remote code execution through the MCP (Model Context Protocol) server mechanism by uploading a malicious MCP configuration in .cursor/mcp.json file in a GitHub repository. Once a victim clones the project and opens it using Cursor CLI, the command to run the malicious MCP server is immediately executed without any warning, leading to potential code execution as soon as the command runs. This issue is fixed in version 2025.09.17-25b418f.

File::Find::Rule through 0.34 for Perl is vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution when `grep()` encounters a crafted filename. A file handle is opened with the 2 argument form of `open()` allowing an attacker controlled filename to provide the MODE parameter to `open()`, turning the filename into a command to be executed. Example: $ mkdir /tmp/poc; echo > "/tmp/poc/|id" $ perl -MFile::Find::Rule \     -E 'File::Find::Rule->grep("foo")->in("/tmp/poc")' uid=1000(user) gid=1000(user) groups=1000(user),100(users)

Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.7.28 and below, an input validation flaw in Cursor's MCP server installation enables specially crafted deep-links to bypass the standard security warnings and conceal executed commands from users if they choose to accept the server. If an attacker is able to convince a victim to navigate to a malicious deeplink, the victim will not see the correct speedbump modal, and if they choose to accept, will execute commands specified by the attackers deeplink.

git-commiters is a Node.js function module providing committers stats for their git repository. Prior to version 0.1.2, there is a command injection vulnerability in git-commiters. This vulnerability manifests with the library's primary exported API: gitCommiters(options, callback) which allows specifying options such as cwd for current working directory and revisionRange as a revision pointer, such as HEAD. However, the library does not sanitize for user input or practice secure process execution API to separate commands from their arguments and as such, uncontrolled user input is concatenated into command execution. This issue has been patched in version 0.1.2.

Cherry Studio is a desktop client that supports for multiple LLM providers. In version 1.5.1, a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in the Cherry Studio platform when connecting to streamableHttp MCP servers. The issue arises from the server’s implicit trust in the oauth auth redirection endpoints and failure to properly sanitize the URL. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.2.

Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1.

GNU Bash through 4.3 bash43-026 does not properly parse function definitions in the values of environment variables, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted environment, as demonstrated by vectors involving the ForceCommand feature in OpenSSH sshd, the mod_cgi and mod_cgid modules in the Apache HTTP Server, scripts executed by unspecified DHCP clients, and other situations in which setting the environment occurs across a privilege boundary from Bash execution. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-7169, and CVE-2014-6277.

pgAdmin 4 versions up to 9.9 are affected by a command injection vulnerability on Windows systems. This issue is caused by the use of shell=True during backup and restore operations, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by providing specially crafted file path input.

A command injection flaw was found in the text editor Emacs. It could allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary shell commands on a vulnerable system. Exploitation is possible by tricking users into visiting a specially crafted website or an HTTP URL with a redirect.

Okta Advanced Server Access Client for Linux and macOS prior to version 1.58.0 was found to be vulnerable to command injection via a specially crafted URL. An attacker, who has knowledge of a valid team name for the victim and also knows a valid target host where the user has access, can execute commands on the local system.

A vulnerability has been found in MailCleaner up to 2023.03.14 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component Admin Endpoints. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The identifier VDB-262309 was assigned to this vulnerability.

A potential vulnerability was reported in Lenovo PCManager prior to version 5.0.10.4191 that may allow code execution when visiting a specially crafted website.

Certain Anaconda3 2021.05 are affected by OS command injection. When a user installs Anaconda, an attacker can create a new file and write something in usercustomize.py. When the user opens the terminal or activates Anaconda, the command will be executed.

Yocto Project is an open source collaboration project that helps developers create custom Linux-based systems regardless of the hardware architecture. In Yocto Projects Bitbake before 2.6.2 (before and included Yocto Project 4.3.1), with the Toaster server (included in bitbake) running, missing input validation allows an attacker to perform a remote code execution in the server's shell via a crafted HTTP request. Authentication is not necessary. Toaster server execution has to be specifically run and is not the default for Bitbake command line builds, it is only used for the Toaster web based user interface to Bitbake. The fix has been backported to the bitbake included with Yocto Project 5.0, 3.1.31, 4.0.16, and 4.3.2.

phpFileManager 0.9.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted URL.

nbgitpuller is a Jupyter server extension to sync a git repository one-way to a local path. Due to unsanitized input, visiting maliciously crafted links could result in arbitrary code execution in the user environment. This has been resolved in version 0.10.2 and all users are advised to upgrade. No work around exist for users who can not upgrade.