The Security Team noticed that the termination condition of the for loop in the readExternal method is a controllable variable, which, if tampered with, may lead to CPU exhaustion. As a fix, we added an upper bound and termination condition in the read and write logic. We classify it as a "low-priority but useful improvement". SystemDS is a distributed system and needs to serialize/deserialize data but in many code paths (e.g., on Spark broadcast/shuffle or writing to sequence files) the byte stream is anyway protected by additional CRC fingerprints. In this particular case though, the number of decoders is upper-bounded by twice the number of columns, which means an attacker would need to modify two entries in the byte stream in a consistent manner. By adding these checks robustness was strictly improved with almost zero overhead. These code changes are available in versions higher than 2.2.1.

An attacker, opening a HTTP/2 connection with an initial window size of 0, was able to block handling of that connection indefinitely in Apache HTTP Server. This could be used to exhaust worker resources in the server, similar to the well known "slow loris" attack pattern. This has been fixed in version 2.4.58, so that such connection are terminated properly after the configured connection timeout. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server: from 2.4.55 through 2.4.57. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.4.58, which fixes the issue.

Allocation of resources without limits or throttling in the HTTP/2 HPACK decoder in Apache HttpComponents Core (5.4.2 and earlier, 5.5-beta1 and earlier) allows an remote attacker to cause a denial of service through memory exhaustion by sending oversized compressed header blocks before the HTTP/2 SETTINGS acknowledgement causes the configured header list size limit to be applied.

Denial of Service via Out of Memory vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ Broker, Apache ActiveMQ, Apache ActiveMQ All. Following the fix for CVE-2026-49270 an unauthenticated attacker can now cause broker OOM by sending an repeated BrokerInfo commands without sending a ConnectionInfo, until the broker will crash with OOM. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ Broker: from 5.19.7 before 5.19.8, from 6.2.6 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ: from 5.19.7 before 5.19.8, from 6.2.6 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ All: from 5.19.7 before 5.19.8, from 6.2.6 before 6.2.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.2.7, which fixes the issue.

There is no restriction on the amount of attachment headers that a message can contain when being deserialized by Apache CXF, which can lead to uncontrolled resource consumption or a denial of service attack. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions 4.2.2 or 4.1.7, which fix this issue by imposing a maximum default of 500 attachments per message.

Apache Fluss versions prior to 0.9.1 configure the Netty LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder with Integer.MAX_VALUE as the maximum frame length, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exhaust JVM heap memory on TabletServer and CoordinatorServer by sending specially crafted frame headers, resulting in denial of service. This issue affects Apache Fluss (incubating): 0.8.0 and 0.9.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.9.1, which fixes the issue.

Apache Neethi is vulnerable to a Denial of Service attack through algorithmic complexity in policy normalization. Specially crafted WS-Policy documents can trigger an exponential Cartesian cross-product expansion during the normalization process, causing unbounded memory allocation that exhausts the JVM heap. This occurs when the normalization process generates an excessive number of policy alternatives without bounds, leading to runtime memory exhaustion. Users should upgrade to 3.2.2 which limits the maximum number of normalized policy alternatives.

A potential denial of service vulnerability is present in versions of Apache CXF before 3.5.10, 3.6.5 and 4.0.6. In some edge cases, the CachedOutputStream instances may not be closed and, if backed by temporary files, may fill up the file system (it applies to servers and clients).

A vulnerability in the JsonMapObjectReaderWriter of Apache CXF allows an attacker to submit malformed JSON to a web service, which results in the thread getting stuck in an infinite loop, consuming CPU indefinitely. This issue affects Apache CXF versions prior to 3.4.4; Apache CXF versions prior to 3.3.11.

Apache James server JMAP HTML to text plain implementation in versions below 3.8.2 and 3.7.6 is subject to unbounded memory consumption that can result in a denial of service. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.7.6 and 3.8.2, which fix this issue.

The documentation of Apache Tomcat 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.0-M14, 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.20, 9.0.13 to 9.0.62 and 8.5.38 to 8.5.78 for the EncryptInterceptor incorrectly stated it enabled Tomcat clustering to run over an untrusted network. This was not correct. While the EncryptInterceptor does provide confidentiality and integrity protection, it does not protect against all risks associated with running over any untrusted network, particularly DoS risks.

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Tomcat if an HTTP/2 client did not acknowledge the initial settings frame that reduces the maximum permitted concurrent streams. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.8, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.42, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.106. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.9, 10.1.43 or 9.0.107, which fix the issue.

Apache IoTDB version 0.12.2 to 0.12.6, 0.13.0 to 0.13.2 are vulnerable to a Denial of Service attack when accepting untrusted patterns for REGEXP queries with Java 8. Users should upgrade to 0.13.3 which addresses this issue or use a later version of Java to avoid it.

In Apache Qpid Broker-J versions 6.1.0 through 6.1.4 (inclusive) the broker does not properly enforce a maximum frame size in AMQP 1.0 frames. A remote unauthenticated attacker could exploit this to cause the broker to exhaust all available memory and eventually terminate. Older AMQP protocols are not affected.

Unlimited memory allocation in redis protocol parser in Apache bRPC (all versions < 1.14.1) on all platforms allows attackers to crash the service via network. Root Cause: In the bRPC Redis protocol parser code, memory for arrays or strings of corresponding sizes is allocated based on the integers read from the network. If the integer read from the network is too large, it may cause a bad alloc error and lead to the program crashing. Attackers can exploit this feature by sending special data packets to the bRPC service to carry out a denial-of-service attack on it. The bRPC 1.14.0 version tried to fix this issue by limited the memory allocation size, however, the limitation checking code is not well implemented that may cause integer overflow and evade such limitation. So the 1.14.0 version is also vulnerable, although the integer range that affect version 1.14.0 is different from that affect version < 1.14.0. Affected scenarios: Using bRPC as a Redis server to provide network services to untrusted clients, or using bRPC as a Redis client to call untrusted Redis services. How to Fix: we provide two methods, you can choose one of them: 1. Upgrade bRPC to version 1.14.1. 2. Apply this patch ( https://github.com/apache/brpc/pull/3050 ) manually. No matter you choose which method, you should note that the patch limits the maximum length of memory allocated for each time in the bRPC Redis parser. The default limit is 64M. If some of you redis request or response have a size larger than 64M, you might encounter error after upgrade. For such case, you can modify the gflag redis_max_allocation_size to set a larger limit.

Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions, Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. When processing an HTTP/2 stream, Tomcat did not handle some cases of excessive HTTP headers correctly. This led to a miscounting of active HTTP/2 streams which in turn led to the use of an incorrect infinite timeout which allowed connections to remain open which should have been closed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M20, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.24, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.89. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M21, 10.1.25 or 9.0.90, which fixes the issue.

User controlled `request.getHeader("Referer")`, `request.getRequestURL()` and `request.getQueryString()` are used to build and run a regex expression. The attacker doesn't have to use a browser and may send a specially crafted Referer header programmatically. Since the attacker controls the string and the regex pattern he may cause a ReDoS by regex catastrophic backtracking on the server side. This problem has been fixed in Roller 6.0.2.

CXF supports (via JwtRequestCodeFilter) passing OAuth 2 parameters via a JWT token as opposed to query parameters (see: The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: JWT Secured Authorization Request (JAR)). Instead of sending a JWT token as a "request" parameter, the spec also supports specifying a URI from which to retrieve a JWT token from via the "request_uri" parameter. CXF was not validating the "request_uri" parameter (apart from ensuring it uses "https) and was making a REST request to the parameter in the request to retrieve a token. This means that CXF was vulnerable to DDos attacks on the authorization server, as specified in section 10.4.1 of the spec. This issue affects Apache CXF versions prior to 3.4.3; Apache CXF versions prior to 3.3.10.

Apache Neethi does not properly detect circular references in policy definitions. When a WS-Policy document contains circular policy references (where Policy A references Policy B which references Policy A), the policy normalization process can enter an infinite loop or cause excessive recursion, leading to a stack overflow or application hang. An attacker can craft malicious policy documents with circular references to cause a Denial of Service condition Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.2.2, which fixes this issue.

Denial of Service via Out of Memory vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ Client, Apache ActiveMQ Broker, Apache ActiveMQ. ActiveMQ NIO SSL transports do not correctly handle TLSv1.3 handshake KeyUpdates triggered by clients. This makes it possible for a client to rapidly trigger updates which causes the broker to exhaust all its memory in the SSL engine leading to DoS. Note: TLS versions before TLSv1.3 (such as TLSv1.2) are broken but are not vulnerable to OOM. Previous TLS versions require a full handshake renegotiation which causes a connection to hang but not OOM. This is fixed as well. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ Client: before 5.19.4, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.4; Apache ActiveMQ Broker: before 5.19.4, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.4; Apache ActiveMQ: before 5.19.4, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.4. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.2.4 or 5.19.5, which fixes the issue.

An improper input validation of the p2c parameter in the Apache CXF JOSE code before 4.0.5, 3.6.4 and 3.5.9 allows an attacker to perform a denial of service attack by specifying a large value for this parameter in a token. 

A regular expression used in Apache MXNet (incubating) is vulnerable to a potential denial-of-service by excessive resource consumption. The bug could be exploited when loading a model in Apache MXNet that has a specially crafted operator name that would cause the regular expression evaluation to use excessive resources to attempt a match. This issue affects Apache MXNet versions prior to 1.9.1.

ESI plugin does not have the limit for maximum inclusion depth, and that allows excessive memory consumption if malicious instructions are inserted. Users can use a new setting for the plugin (--max-inclusion-depth) to limit it. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 10.0.0 through 10.0.5, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.10. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.11 or 10.0.6, which fixes the issue.

A vulnerability in Apache IoTDB. This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.3.3 through 1.3.4, from 2.0.1-beta through 2.0.4. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.5, which fixes the issue.

Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ, Apache ActiveMQ All, Apache ActiveMQ Client, Apache ActiveMQ Broker. An authenticated user can cause a broker DoS by sending a crafted OpenWire Message with a large encoded size value for the map. OpenWire message property maps are unmarshaled without size validation which can trigger OOM and crash the broker. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ All: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ Client: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ Broker: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.2.7 or 5.19.8, which fixes the issue.

Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ, Apache ActiveMQ All, Apache ActiveMQ Stomp. An unauthenticated client that opens a STOMP NIO connection can send header bytes that never terminate which makes the broker buffer them without limit, exhausting the JVM heap. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ All: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ Stomp: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.2.7 or 5.19.8, which fixes the issue.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ, Apache ActiveMQ All, Apache ActiveMQ Stomp. A remote unauthenticated peer that can reach an exposed STOMP connector can trigger denial-of-service behavior by sending a negative content-length. For the NIO STOMP transport, an attacker can keep streaming body bytes and grow the per-connection command buffer beyond configured limits to cause OOM. For the blocking STOMP protocol, an error will instead force abnormal transport exception handling for the affected connection and closure. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ All: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ Stomp: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.2.7 or 5.19.8, which fixes the issue.

In Apache ShenYui, ShenYu-Bootstrap, RegexPredicateJudge.java uses Pattern.matches(conditionData.getParamValue(), realData) to make judgments, where both parameters are controllable by the user. This can cause an attacker pass in malicious regular expressions and characters causing a resource exhaustion. This issue affects Apache ShenYu (incubating) 2.4.0, 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 and is fixed in 2.4.3.

Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in Apache Thrift. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.

OOM Denial of Service via Unbounded Array Allocation in Apache OpenNLP AbstractModelReader  Versions Affected:  before 1.9.5 before 2.5.9 before 3.0.0-M3  Description: The AbstractModelReader methods getOutcomes(), getOutcomePatterns(), and getPredicates() each read a 32-bit signed integer count field from a binary model stream and pass that value directly to an array allocation (new String[numOutcomes], new int[numOCTypes][], new String[NUM_PREDS]) without validating that the value is non-negative or within a reasonable bound. The count is therefore fully attacker-controlled when the model file originates from an untrusted source. A crafted .bin model file in which any of these count fields is set to Integer.MAX_VALUE (or any value large enough to exhaust the available heap) triggers an OutOfMemoryError at the array allocation itself, before the corresponding label or pattern data is consumed from the stream. The error occurs very early in deserialization: for a GIS model, getOutcomes() is reached after only the model-type string, the correction constant, and the correction parameter have been read; so the attacker pays no meaningful size cost to weaponize a payload, and a single small file can crash a JVM that loads it. Any code path that deserializes a .bin model is affected, including direct use of GenericModelReader and any higher-level component that delegates to it during model load. The practical impact is denial of service against processes that load model files from untrusted or semi-trusted origins.   Mitigation: * 2.x users should upgrade to 2.5.9. * 3.x users should upgrade to 3.0.0-M3. Note: The fix introduces an upper bound on each of the three count fields, checked before array allocation; counts that are negative or exceed the bound cause an IllegalArgumentException to be thrown and the read to fail fast with no large allocation. The default bound is 10,000,000, which is well above the entry counts of legitimate OpenNLP models but far below any value that would threaten heap exhaustion. Deployments that legitimately need to load models with more entries than the default can raise the limit at JVM startup by setting the OPENNLP_MAX_ENTRIES system property to the desired positive integer (e.g. -DOPENNLP_MAX_ENTRIES=50000000); invalid or non-positive values fall back to the default. Users who cannot upgrade immediately should treat all .bin model files as untrusted input unless their provenance is verified, and should avoid loading models supplied by end users or fetched from third-party repositories without integrity checks.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Incorrect error handling for some invalid HTTP priority headers resulted in incomplete clean-up of the failed request which created a memory leak. A large number of such requests could trigger an OutOfMemoryException resulting in a denial of service. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 9.0.76 through 9.0.102, from 10.1.10 through 10.1.39, from 11.0.0-M2 through 11.0.5. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.90 though 8.5.100. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.104, 10.1.40 or 11.0.6 which fix the issue.

Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server's mod_http leads to denial of service via malicious HTTP requests. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server: from 2.4.17 through 2.4.67.

When a Multipart request is performed but some of the fields exceed the maxStringLength  limit, the upload files will remain in struts.multipart.saveDir  even if the request has been denied. Users are recommended to upgrade to versions Struts 2.5.32 or 6.1.2.2 or Struts 6.3.0.1 or greater, which fixe this issue.

Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ Client, Apache ActiveMQ, Apache ActiveMQ All. An unauthenticated network attacker can cause a broker DoS by sending a crafted WireFormatInfo frame with a malicious large size value. The value is not validate and causes the broker to attempt allocation during pre-auth negotiation which can trigger OOM and crash the broker. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ Client: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7; Apache ActiveMQ All: before 5.19.8, from 6.0.0 before 6.2.7. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.2.7 or 5.19.8, which fixes the issue.

Subversion's mod_dav_svn is vulnerable to memory corruption. While looking up path-based authorization rules, mod_dav_svn servers may attempt to use memory which has already been freed. Affected Subversion mod_dav_svn servers 1.10.0 through 1.14.1 (inclusive). Servers that do not use mod_dav_svn are not affected.

In Apache ActiveMQ Artemis prior to 2.20.0 or 2.19.1, an attacker could partially disrupt availability (DoS) through uncontrolled resource consumption of memory.

In 0.9.3 or older versions of Apache Pinot segment upload path allowed segment directories to be imported into pinot tables. In pinot installations that allow open access to the controller a specially crafted request can potentially be exploited to cause disruption in pinot service. Pinot release 0.10.0 fixes this. See https://docs.pinot.apache.org/basics/releases/0.10.0

Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ. During unmarshalling of OpenWire commands the size value of buffers was not properly validated which could lead to excessive memory allocation and be exploited to cause a denial of service (DoS) by depleting process memory, thereby affecting applications and services that rely on the availability of the ActiveMQ broker when not using mutual TLS connections. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ: from 6.0.0 before 6.1.6, from 5.18.0 before 5.18.7, from 5.17.0 before 5.17.7, before 5.16.8. ActiveMQ 5.19.0 is not affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.1.6+, 5.19.0+, 5.18.7+, 5.17.7, or 5.16.8 or which fixes the issue. Existing users may implement mutual TLS to mitigate the risk on affected brokers.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Kvrocks. The SETRANGE command didn't check if the `offset` input is a positive integer and use it as an index of a string. So it will cause the server to crash due to its index is  out of range. This issue affects Apache Kvrocks: through 2.11.1. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.12.0, which fixes the issue.

A carefully crafted request body can cause a read to a random memory area which could cause the process to crash. This issue affects Apache HTTP Server 2.4.52 and earlier.

Apache POI in versions prior to release 3.17 are vulnerable to Denial of Service Attacks: 1) Infinite Loops while parsing crafted WMF, EMF, MSG and macros (POI bugs 61338 and 61294), and 2) Out of Memory Exceptions while parsing crafted DOC, PPT and XLS (POI bugs 52372 and 61295).

Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Thrift. This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.21, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.54, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.117. Older, unsupported versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Thrift Node.js bindings This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.

When deserializing untrusted or corrupted data, it is possible for a reader to consume memory beyond the allowed constraints and thus lead to out of memory on the system. This issue affects Java applications using Apache Avro Java SDK up to and including 1.11.2. Users should update to apache-avro version 1.11.3 which addresses this issue.

Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in Apache Thrift TFramedTransport Go language implementation This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Traffic Server with malformed HTTP/2 frames.This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 9.0.0 through 9.2.2. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.3, which fixes the issue.

Integer Overflow or Wraparound vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ, Apache ActiveMQ All, Apache ActiveMQ MQTT. The fix for "CVE-2025-66168: MQTT control packet remaining length field is not properly validated" was only applied to 5.19.2 (and future 5.19.x) releases but was missed for all 6.0.0+ versions. This issue affects Apache ActiveMQ: from 6.0.0 before 6.2.4; Apache ActiveMQ All: from 6.0.0 before 6.2.4; Apache ActiveMQ MQTT: from 6.0.0 before 6.2.4. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.2.4 or a 5.19.x version starting with 5.19.2 or later (currently latest is 5.19.5), which fixes the issue.

A vulnerability in the .NET SDK of Apache Avro allows an attacker to allocate excessive resources, potentially causing a denial-of-service attack. This issue affects .NET applications using Apache Avro version 1.10.2 and prior versions. Users should update to version 1.11.0 which addresses this issue.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in Apache Software Foundation Apache Struts.This issue affects Apache Struts: through 2.5.30, through 6.1.2. Upgrade to Struts 2.5.31 or 6.1.2.1 or greater