Ruby through 2.2.7, 2.3.x through 2.3.4, and 2.4.x through 2.4.1 can expose arbitrary memory during a JSON.generate call. The issues lies in using strdup in ext/json/ext/generator/generator.c, which will stop after encountering a '\0' byte, returning a pointer to a string of length zero, which is not the length stored in space_len.

An issue was discovered in Oniguruma 6.2.0, as used in Oniguruma-mod in Ruby through 2.4.1 and mbstring in PHP through 7.1.5. A stack out-of-bounds write in onigenc_unicode_get_case_fold_codes_by_str() occurs during regular expression compilation. Code point 0xFFFFFFFF is not properly handled in unicode_unfold_key(). A malformed regular expression could result in 4 bytes being written off the end of a stack buffer of expand_case_fold_string() during the call to onigenc_unicode_get_case_fold_codes_by_str(), a typical stack buffer overflow.

Puppet 2.7.x before 2.7.21 and 3.1.x before 3.1.1, when running Ruby 1.9.3 or later, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to "serialized attributes."

The lazy_initialize function in lib/resolv.rb in Ruby through 2.4.3 uses Kernel#open, which might allow Command Injection attacks, as demonstrated by a Resolv::Hosts::new argument beginning with a '|' character, a different vulnerability than CVE-2017-17405. NOTE: situations with untrusted input may be highly unlikely.

CGI.escape_html in Ruby before 2.7.5 and 3.x before 3.0.3 has an integer overflow and resultant buffer overflow via a long string on platforms (such as Windows) where size_t and long have different numbers of bytes. This also affects the CGI gem before 0.3.1 for Ruby.

The parser_yyerror function in the UTF-8 parser in Ruby 2.4.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid write or read) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted Ruby script, related to the parser_tokadd_utf8 function in parse.y. NOTE: this might have security relevance as a bypass of a $SAFE protection mechanism.

The OpenSSL extension of Ruby (Git trunk) versions after 2011-09-01 up to 2011-11-03 always generated an exponent value of '1' to be used for private RSA key generation. A remote attacker could use this flaw to bypass or corrupt integrity of services, depending on strong private RSA keys generation mechanism.

A double free was found in the Regexp compiler in Ruby 3.x before 3.0.4 and 3.1.x before 3.1.2. If a victim attempts to create a Regexp from untrusted user input, an attacker may be able to write to unexpected memory locations.

DL::dlopen in Ruby 1.8, 1.9.0, 1.9.2, 1.9.3, 2.0.0 before patchlevel 648, and 2.1 before 2.1.8 opens libraries with tainted names.

WEBrick 1.3.1 in Ruby 1.8.6 through patchlevel 383, 1.8.7 through patchlevel 248, 1.8.8dev, 1.9.1 through patchlevel 376, and 1.9.2dev writes data to a log file without sanitizing non-printable characters, which might allow remote attackers to modify a window's title, or possibly execute arbitrary commands or overwrite files, via an HTTP request containing an escape sequence for a terminal emulator.

Ruby 1.8.5 and earlier, 1.8.6 through 1.8.6-p286, 1.8.7 through 1.8.7-p71, and 1.9 through r18423 does not properly restrict access to critical variables and methods at various safe levels, which allows context-dependent attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via (1) untrace_var, (2) $PROGRAM_NAME, and (3) syslog at safe level 4, and (4) insecure methods at safe levels 1 through 3.

The dl module in Ruby 1.8.5 and earlier, 1.8.6 through 1.8.6-p286, 1.8.7 through 1.8.7-p71, and 1.9 through r18423 does not check "taintness" of inputs, which allows context-dependent attackers to bypass safe levels and execute dangerous functions by accessing a library using DL.dlopen.

Type confusion exists in two methods of Ruby's WIN32OLE class, ole_invoke and ole_query_interface. Attacker passing different type of object than this assumed by developers can cause arbitrary code execution.

Type confusion exists in _cancel_eval Ruby's TclTkIp class method. Attacker passing different type of object than String as "retval" argument can cause arbitrary code execution.

Integer overflow in the rb_ary_fill function in array.c in Ruby before revision 17756 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a call to the Array#fill method with a start (aka beg) argument greater than ARY_MAX_SIZE. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for other closely related integer overflows.

In Ruby before 2.2.10, 2.3.x before 2.3.7, 2.4.x before 2.4.4, 2.5.x before 2.5.1, and 2.6.0-preview1, the Dir.open, Dir.new, Dir.entries and Dir.empty? methods do not check NULL characters. When using the corresponding method, unintentional directory traversal may be performed.

lib/sounder/sound.rb in the sounder gem 1.0.1 for Ruby allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a filename.

An issue was discovered in the OpenSSL library in Ruby before 2.3.8, 2.4.x before 2.4.5, 2.5.x before 2.5.2, and 2.6.x before 2.6.0-preview3. When two OpenSSL::X509::Name objects are compared using ==, depending on the ordering, non-equal objects may return true. When the first argument is one character longer than the second, or the second argument contains a character that is one less than a character in the same position of the first argument, the result of == will be true. This could be leveraged to create an illegitimate certificate that may be accepted as legitimate and then used in signing or encryption operations.

multi_xml gem 0.5.2 for Ruby, as used in Grape before 0.2.6 and possibly other products, does not properly restrict casts of string values, which allows remote attackers to conduct object-injection attacks and execute arbitrary code, or cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) involving nested XML entity references, by leveraging support for (1) YAML type conversion or (2) Symbol type conversion, a similar vulnerability to CVE-2013-0156.

The decode method in the OpenSSL::ASN1 module in Ruby before 2.2.8, 2.3.x before 2.3.5, and 2.4.x through 2.4.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (interpreter crash) via a crafted string.

Buffer overflow in Ruby 1.9.x before 1.9.1-p429 on Windows might allow local users to gain privileges via a crafted ARGF.inplace_mode value that is not properly handled when constructing the filenames of the backup files.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the rb_str_justify function in string.c in Ruby 1.9.1 before 1.9.1-p376 allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors involving (1) String#ljust, (2) String#center, or (3) String#rjust. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.

Off-by-one error in the encodes function in pack.c in Ruby 1.9.3 and earlier, and 2.x through 2.1.2, when using certain format string specifiers, allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) via vectors that trigger a stack-based buffer overflow.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Ruby 1.8, 1.9 before 1.9.3-p484, 2.0 before 2.0.0-p353, 2.1 before 2.1.0 preview2, and trunk before revision 43780 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a string that is converted to a floating point value, as demonstrated using (1) the to_f method or (2) JSON.parse.

Stack-based buffer overflow in TallSoft Quick TFTP Server Pro 2.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code via a long mode field in a read or write request.

In CCN-lite 2, the function ccnl_prefix_to_str_detailed can cause a buffer overflow, when writing a prefix to the buffer buf. The maximal size of the prefix is CCNL_MAX_PREFIX_SIZE; the buffer has the size CCNL_MAX_PREFIX_SIZE. However, when NFN is enabled, additional characters are written to the buffer (e.g., the "NFN" and "R2C" tags). Therefore, sending an NFN-R2C packet with a prefix of size CCNL_MAX_PREFIX_SIZE can cause an overflow of buf inside ccnl_prefix_to_str_detailed.

In PHP through 5.6.33, 7.0.x before 7.0.28, 7.1.x through 7.1.14, and 7.2.x through 7.2.2, there is a stack-based buffer under-read while parsing an HTTP response in the php_stream_url_wrap_http_ex function in ext/standard/http_fopen_wrapper.c. This subsequently results in copying a large string.

CCN-lite 2.0.0 Beta allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (buffer overflow) or possibly have unspecified other impact because the ccnl_ndntlv_prependBlob function in ccnl-pkt-ndntlv.c can be called with wrong arguments. Specifically, there is an incorrect integer data type causing a negative third argument in some cases of crafted TLV data with inconsistent length information.

Buffer overflow in rsync 2.6.9 to 3.0.1, with extended attribute (xattr) support enabled, might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown vectors.

Multiple buffer overflows in LScube libnemesi 0.6.4-rc1 and earlier allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via (1) a reply that begins with a long version string, which triggers an overflow in handle_rtsp_pkt in rtsp_handlers.c; long headers that trigger overflows in (2) send_pause_request, (3) send_play_request, (4) send_setup_request, or (5) send_teardown_request in rtsp_send.c, as demonstrated by the Content-Base header; or a long Transport header, which triggers an overflow in (6) get_transport_str_sctp, (7) get_transport_str_tcp, or (8) get_transport_str_udp in rtsp_transport.c.

Buffer overflow in SAPLPD 6.28 and earlier included in SAP GUI 7.10 and SAPSprint before 1018 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via long arguments to the (1) 0x01, (2) 0x02, (3) 0x03, (4) 0x04, and (5) 0x05 LPD commands.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the _mwProcessReadSocket function in http.c in MiniWeb HTTP Server 0.8.19 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long URI.

Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the WebLaunch.WeblaunchCtl.1 (aka CWebLaunchCtl) ActiveX control in weblaunch.ocx 1.0.0.1 in Gateway Weblaunch allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string in the (1) second or (2) fourth argument to the DoWebLaunch method. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.

Heap-based buffer overflow in spin.c in libclamav in ClamAV 0.92.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PeSpin packed PE binary with a modified length value.

A security flaw has been discovered in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. Affected by this vulnerability is the function hss_ogs_diam_cx_mar_cb of the file src/hss/hss-cx-path.c of the component VoLTE Cx-Test. The manipulation of the argument OGS_KEY_LEN results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The patch is identified as 54dda041211098730221d0ae20a2f9f9173e7a21. A patch should be applied to remediate this issue.

Buffer overflow in Zoom Player 6.00 beta 2 and earlier allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via an HTTP link to a PLS file in a crafted ZPL file, which causes an overflow in Unicode handling when generating an error message.

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in FFmpeg up to 7.1. This affects the function ff_aac_search_for_tns of the file libavcodec/aacenc_tns.c of the component AAC Encoder. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Buffer overflow in the GomManager (GomWeb Control) ActiveX control in GomWeb3.dll 1.0.0.12 in Gretech Online Movie Player (GOM Player) 2.1.6.3499 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long argument to the OpenUrl method.

Buffer overflow in the SQLServer ActiveX control in the Distributed Management Objects OLE DLL (sqldmo.dll) 2000.085.2004.00 in Microsoft SQL Server Enterprise Manager 8.05.2004 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long second argument to the Start method.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the flac_buffer_copy function in libsndfile 1.0.17 and earlier might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a FLAC file with crafted PCM data containing a block with a size that exceeds the previous block size.

An issue was discovered in mj2/opj_mj2_extract.c in OpenJPEG 2.3.0. The output prefix was not checked for length, which could overflow a buffer, when providing a prefix with 50 or more characters on the command line.

Multiple buffer overflows in php_iisfunc.dll in the iisfunc extension for PHP 5.2.0 and earlier allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code, probably during Unicode conversion, as demonstrated by a long string in the first argument to the iis_getservicestate function, related to the ServiceId argument to the (1) fnStartService, (2) fnGetServiceState, (3) fnStopService, and possibly other functions.

Multiple buffer overflows in the BaoFeng2 storm ActiveX control in Mps.dll allow remote attackers to have an unknown impact via a long (1) URL, (2) backImage, or (3) titleImage property value; (4) a long first argument to the advancedOpen method; a long argument to the (5) isDVDPath or (6) rawParse method; or (7) a .smpl file with a long path attribute in an item element in a PlayList.

Buffer overflow in OpenPegasus Management server, when compiled to use PAM and with PEGASUS_USE_PAM_STANDALONE_PROC defined, as used in VMWare ESX Server 3.0.1 and 3.0.2, might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to PAM authentication, a different vulnerability than CVE-2008-0003.

A vulnerability was identified in gmg137 snap7-rs up to 153d3e8c16decd7271e2a5b2e3da4d6f68589424. Affected by this issue is the function snap7_rs::client::S7Client::download of the file client.rs. Such manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. This product implements a rolling release for ongoing delivery, which means version information for affected or updated releases is unavailable. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

Heap-based buffer overflow in iaspam.dll in the SMTP Server in Ipswitch IMail Server 8.01 through 8.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a set of four different e-mail messages with a long boundary parameter in a certain malformed Content-Type header line, the string "MIME" by itself on a line in the header, and a long Content-Transfer-Encoding header line.

Buffer overflow in MayGion IP Cameras with firmware before 2013.04.22 (05.53) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long filename in a GET request.

Stack-based buffer overflow in the WinACE UNACEV2.DLL third-party compression utility before 2.6.0.0, as used in multiple products including (1) ALZip 5.51 through 6.11, (2) Servant Salamander 2.0 and 2.5 Beta 1, (3) WinHKI 1.66 and 1.67, (4) ExtractNow 3.x, (5) Total Commander 6.53, (6) Anti-Trojan 5.5.421, (7) PowerArchiver before 9.61, (8) UltimateZip 2.7,1, 3.0.3, and 3.1b, (9) Where Is It (WhereIsIt) 3.73.501, (10) FilZip 3.04, (11) IZArc 3.5 beta3, (12) Eazel 1.0, (13) Rising Antivirus 18.27.21 and earlier, (14) AutoMate 6.1.0.0, (15) BitZipper 4.1 SR-1, (16) ZipTV, and other products, allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long filename in an ACE archive.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Lhaplus before 1.57 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long comment field in a ZOO archive.

Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01, 5.5, and 6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a web page with embedded CLSIDs that reference certain COM objects that are not intended for use within Internet Explorer, as originally demonstrated using the (1) DDS Library Shape Control (Msdds.dll) COM object, and other objects including (2) Blnmgrps.dll, (3) Ciodm.dll, (4) Comsvcs.dll, (5) Danim.dll, (6) Htmlmarq.ocx, (7) Mdt2dd.dll (as demonstrated using a heap corruption attack with uninitialized memory), (8) Mdt2qd.dll, (9) Mpg4ds32.ax, (10) Msadds32.ax, (11) Msb1esen.dll, (12) Msb1fren.dll, (13) Msb1geen.dll, (14) Msdtctm.dll, (15) Mshtml.dll, (16) Msoeacct.dll, (17) Msosvfbr.dll, (18) Mswcrun.dll, (19) Netshell.dll, (20) Ole2disp.dll, (21) Outllib.dll, (22) Psisdecd.dll, (23) Qdvd.dll, (24) Repodbc.dll, (25) Shdocvw.dll, (26) Shell32.dll, (27) Soa.dll, (28) Srchui.dll, (29) Stobject.dll, (30) Vdt70.dll, (31) Vmhelper.dll, and (32) Wbemads.dll, aka a variant of the "COM Object Instantiation Memory Corruption vulnerability."