Puppet 2.7.x before 2.7.21 and 3.1.x before 3.1.1, when running Ruby 1.9.3 or later, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors related to "serialized attributes."

The dl module in Ruby 1.8.5 and earlier, 1.8.6 through 1.8.6-p286, 1.8.7 through 1.8.7-p71, and 1.9 through r18423 does not check "taintness" of inputs, which allows context-dependent attackers to bypass safe levels and execute dangerous functions by accessing a library using DL.dlopen.

multi_xml gem 0.5.2 for Ruby, as used in Grape before 0.2.6 and possibly other products, does not properly restrict casts of string values, which allows remote attackers to conduct object-injection attacks and execute arbitrary code, or cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption) involving nested XML entity references, by leveraging support for (1) YAML type conversion or (2) Symbol type conversion, a similar vulnerability to CVE-2013-0156.

An issue was discovered in Oniguruma 6.2.0, as used in Oniguruma-mod in Ruby through 2.4.1 and mbstring in PHP through 7.1.5. A stack out-of-bounds write in onigenc_unicode_get_case_fold_codes_by_str() occurs during regular expression compilation. Code point 0xFFFFFFFF is not properly handled in unicode_unfold_key(). A malformed regular expression could result in 4 bytes being written off the end of a stack buffer of expand_case_fold_string() during the call to onigenc_unicode_get_case_fold_codes_by_str(), a typical stack buffer overflow.

The lazy_initialize function in lib/resolv.rb in Ruby through 2.4.3 uses Kernel#open, which might allow Command Injection attacks, as demonstrated by a Resolv::Hosts::new argument beginning with a '|' character, a different vulnerability than CVE-2017-17405. NOTE: situations with untrusted input may be highly unlikely.

CGI.escape_html in Ruby before 2.7.5 and 3.x before 3.0.3 has an integer overflow and resultant buffer overflow via a long string on platforms (such as Windows) where size_t and long have different numbers of bytes. This also affects the CGI gem before 0.3.1 for Ruby.

Ruby through 2.2.7, 2.3.x through 2.3.4, and 2.4.x through 2.4.1 can expose arbitrary memory during a JSON.generate call. The issues lies in using strdup in ext/json/ext/generator/generator.c, which will stop after encountering a '\0' byte, returning a pointer to a string of length zero, which is not the length stored in space_len.

The parser_yyerror function in the UTF-8 parser in Ruby 2.4.1 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid write or read) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted Ruby script, related to the parser_tokadd_utf8 function in parse.y. NOTE: this might have security relevance as a bypass of a $SAFE protection mechanism.

The OpenSSL extension of Ruby (Git trunk) versions after 2011-09-01 up to 2011-11-03 always generated an exponent value of '1' to be used for private RSA key generation. A remote attacker could use this flaw to bypass or corrupt integrity of services, depending on strong private RSA keys generation mechanism.

A double free was found in the Regexp compiler in Ruby 3.x before 3.0.4 and 3.1.x before 3.1.2. If a victim attempts to create a Regexp from untrusted user input, an attacker may be able to write to unexpected memory locations.

WEBrick 1.3.1 in Ruby 1.8.6 through patchlevel 383, 1.8.7 through patchlevel 248, 1.8.8dev, 1.9.1 through patchlevel 376, and 1.9.2dev writes data to a log file without sanitizing non-printable characters, which might allow remote attackers to modify a window's title, or possibly execute arbitrary commands or overwrite files, via an HTTP request containing an escape sequence for a terminal emulator.

Ruby 1.8.5 and earlier, 1.8.6 through 1.8.6-p286, 1.8.7 through 1.8.7-p71, and 1.9 through r18423 does not properly restrict access to critical variables and methods at various safe levels, which allows context-dependent attackers to bypass intended access restrictions via (1) untrace_var, (2) $PROGRAM_NAME, and (3) syslog at safe level 4, and (4) insecure methods at safe levels 1 through 3.

An exploitable heap overflow vulnerability exists in the Fiddle::Function.new "initialize" function functionality of Ruby. In Fiddle::Function.new "initialize" heap buffer "arg_types" allocation is made based on args array length. Specially constructed object passed as element of args array can increase this array size after mentioned allocation and cause heap overflow.

Type confusion exists in two methods of Ruby's WIN32OLE class, ole_invoke and ole_query_interface. Attacker passing different type of object than this assumed by developers can cause arbitrary code execution.

Type confusion exists in _cancel_eval Ruby's TclTkIp class method. Attacker passing different type of object than String as "retval" argument can cause arbitrary code execution.

Integer overflow in the rb_ary_fill function in array.c in Ruby before revision 17756 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a call to the Array#fill method with a start (aka beg) argument greater than ARY_MAX_SIZE. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for other closely related integer overflows.

In Ruby before 2.2.10, 2.3.x before 2.3.7, 2.4.x before 2.4.4, 2.5.x before 2.5.1, and 2.6.0-preview1, the Dir.open, Dir.new, Dir.entries and Dir.empty? methods do not check NULL characters. When using the corresponding method, unintentional directory traversal may be performed.

lib/sounder/sound.rb in the sounder gem 1.0.1 for Ruby allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a filename.

An issue was discovered in the OpenSSL library in Ruby before 2.3.8, 2.4.x before 2.4.5, 2.5.x before 2.5.2, and 2.6.x before 2.6.0-preview3. When two OpenSSL::X509::Name objects are compared using ==, depending on the ordering, non-equal objects may return true. When the first argument is one character longer than the second, or the second argument contains a character that is one less than a character in the same position of the first argument, the result of == will be true. This could be leveraged to create an illegitimate certificate that may be accepted as legitimate and then used in signing or encryption operations.

lib/rexml/text.rb in the REXML parser in Ruby before 1.9.3-p392 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and crash) via crafted text nodes in an XML document, aka an XML Entity Expansion (XEE) attack.

lib/ldoce/word.rb in the ldoce 0.0.2 gem for Ruby allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in (1) an mp3 URL or (2) file name.

Ruby (aka CRuby) before 1.8.7-p357 computes hash values without restricting the ability to trigger hash collisions predictably, which allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via crafted input to an application that maintains a hash table.

The SecureRandom.random_bytes function in lib/securerandom.rb in Ruby before 1.8.7-p352 and 1.9.x before 1.9.2-p290 relies on PID values for initialization, which makes it easier for context-dependent attackers to predict the result string by leveraging knowledge of random strings obtained in an earlier process with the same PID.

The REXML module in Ruby 1.8.6 through 1.8.6-p287, 1.8.7 through 1.8.7-p72, and 1.9 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via an XML document with recursively nested entities, aka an "XML entity explosion."

The Fiddle::Handle implementation in ext/fiddle/handle.c in Ruby before 2.0.0-p648, 2.1 before 2.1.8, and 2.2 before 2.2.4, as distributed in Apple OS X before 10.11.4 and other products, mishandles tainting, which allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted string, related to the DL module and the libffi library. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of a CVE-2009-5147 regression.

In Ruby before 2.2.10, 2.3.x before 2.3.7, 2.4.x before 2.4.4, 2.5.x before 2.5.1, and 2.6.0-preview1, the UNIXServer.open and UNIXSocket.open methods are not checked for null characters. It may be connected to an unintended socket.

The JSON gem through 2.2.0 for Ruby, as used in Ruby 2.4 through 2.4.9, 2.5 through 2.5.7, and 2.6 through 2.6.5, has an Unsafe Object Creation Vulnerability. This is quite similar to CVE-2013-0269, but does not rely on poor garbage-collection behavior within Ruby. Specifically, use of JSON parsing methods can lead to creation of a malicious object within the interpreter, with adverse effects that are application-dependent.

verify_certificate_identity in the OpenSSL extension in Ruby before 2.0.0 patchlevel 645, 2.1.x before 2.1.6, and 2.2.x before 2.2.2 does not properly validate hostnames, which allows remote attackers to spoof servers via vectors related to (1) multiple wildcards, (1) wildcards in IDNA names, (3) case sensitivity, and (4) non-ASCII characters.

The parse_char_class function in regparse.c in the Onigmo (aka Oniguruma-mod) regular expression library, as used in Ruby 2.4.0, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (deep recursion and application crash) via a crafted regular expression.

Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in admin/Editor/imgupload.php in FlashBlog 0.31 beta allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a .php file, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in tus_imagenes/.

comix 3.6.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a filename containing shell metacharacters that are not properly sanitized when executing the rar, unrar, or jpegtran programs.

The Digital Photo Access Protocol (DPAP) server for iPhoto 4.0.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a malformed dpap: URI, a different vulnerability than CVE-2008-0043.

Format string vulnerability in the log function in Georgia SoftWorks SSH2 Server (GSW_SSHD) 7.01.0003 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in the username field, as demonstrated by a certain LoginPassword message.

Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Charray's CMS 0.9.3 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the ccms_library_path parameter to (1) markdown.php and (2) gallery.php in decoder/.

Unspecified vulnerability in Opera before 9.24 allows remote attackers to overwrite functions on pages from other domains and bypass the same-origin policy via unknown vectors.

Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in mod/contak.php in AuraCMS 2.1 allows remote attackers to upload and execute arbitrary PHP files via the image parameter, which places a file under files/.

The shell_quote function in python-gnupg 0.3.5 does not properly quote strings, which allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code via shell metacharacters in unspecified vectors, as demonstrated using "$(" command-substitution sequences, a different vulnerability than CVE-2014-1928. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2013-7323.

node/hooks/express/apicalls.js in Etherpad Lite before v1.6.3 mishandles JSONP, which allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions.

Apple iPhone 1.1.1, with Bluetooth enabled, allows physically proximate attackers to cause a denial of service (application termination) and execute arbitrary code via crafted Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) packets, related to insufficient input validation.

apage.cgi in WebAPP 0.9.9.2.1, and possibly earlier versions, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the f parameter.

Unrestricted file upload in the mcpuk file editor (atk/attributes/fck/editor/filemanager/browser/mcpuk/connectors/php/config.php) in Achievo 1.2.0 through 1.3.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by uploading a file with .php followed by a safe extension, then accessing it via a direct request to the file in the Achievo root directory. NOTE: this is only a vulnerability in environments that support multiple extensions, such as Apache with the mod_mime module enabled.

A vulnerability exists in Schneider Electric's Pelco Sarix Professional in all firmware versions prior to 3.29.67 which could allow execution of commands due to lack of validation of the shell meta characters with the value of 'system.opkg.remove'.

setup.php in phpStat 1.5 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrator privileges by setting the $check variable.

The filecopy function in misc.c in Clam AntiVirus (ClamAV) before 0.85, on Mac OS, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a virus in a filename that contains shell metacharacters, which are not properly handled when HFS permissions prevent the file from being deleted and ditto is invoked.

A security flaw has been discovered in 648540858 wvp-GB28181-pro up to 2.7.4. This affects the function GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer of the file src/main/java/com/genersoft/iot/vmp/conf/redis/RedisTemplateConfig.java of the component API Endpoint. The manipulation results in deserialization. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

A weakness has been identified in FedML-AI FedML up to 0.8.9. Affected is the function sendMessage of the file grpc_server.py of the component gRPC server. Executing a manipulation can lead to deserialization. The attack may be performed from remote. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Micro Focus Solutions Business Manager versions prior to 11.4 when ASP.NET is configured with execute permission on the virtual directories and does not validate the contents of user avatar images, could lead to remote code execution.

The expand function in fio.c in Heirloom mailx 12.5 and earlier and BSD mailx 8.1.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in an email address.