A race condition in GitHub Enterprise Server allows an outside collaborator to be added while a repository is being transferred. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server since 3.8 and was fixed in version 3.8.12, 3.9.7, 3.10.4, and 3.11.1.

A race condition in GitHub Enterprise Server allowed an existing admin to maintain permissions on transferred repositories by making a GraphQL mutation to alter repository permissions during the transfer. This vulnerability affected GitHub Enterprise Server version 3.8.0 and above and was fixed in version 3.8.12, 3.9.7, 3.10.4, and 3.11.1.

A race condition in GitHub Enterprise Server allowed an existing admin to maintain permissions on a detached repository by making a GraphQL mutation to alter repository permissions while the repository is detached. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.13 and was fixed in versions 3.9.13, 3.10.10, 3.11.8 and 3.12.1. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.

Unity Parsec has a TOCTOU race condition that permits local attackers to escalate privileges to SYSTEM if Parsec was installed in "Per User" mode. The application intentionally launches DLLs from a user-owned directory but intended to always perform integrity verification of those DLLs. This affects Parsec Loader versions through 8. Parsec Loader 9 is a fixed version.

A time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) bug in handling of IOCTL (input/output control) requests. This TOCTOU bug leads to an out-of-bounds write vulnerability which can be further exploited, allowing an attacker to gain full local privilege escalation on the system.This issue affects Avast/Avg Antivirus: 23.8.

Possible null pointer dereference due to race condition between timeline fence signal and time line fence destroy in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile

In JetBrains ReSharper, Rider and dotTrace before 2025.2.5 local privilege escalation was possible via race condition

Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

A time-of-check-time-of-use race condition vulnerability in Buildkite Elastic CI for AWS versions prior to 6.7.1 and 5.22.5 allows the buildkite-agent user to bypass a symbolic link check for the PIPELINE_PATH variable in the fix-buildkite-agent-builds-permissions script.

A TOCTOU race condition in Samsung Mobile Processor Exynos 9820, Exynos 980, Exynos 1080, Exynos 2100, Exynos 2200, Exynos 1280, and Exynos 1380 can cause unexpected termination of a system.

A vulnerability in the shared library loading mechanism of Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client for Linux and Mac OS could allow an authenticated, local attacker to perform a shared library hijacking attack on an affected device if the VPN Posture (HostScan) Module is installed on the AnyConnect client. This vulnerability is due to a race condition in the signature verification process for shared library files that are loaded on an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of crafted interprocess communication (IPC) messages to the AnyConnect process. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected device with root privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have a valid account on the system.

APTIOV contains a vulnerability in BIOS where an attacker may cause a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition by local means. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to arbitrary code execution.

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability in openEuler iSulad on Linux allows Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions. This vulnerability is associated with program files https://gitee.Com/openeuler/iSulad/blob/master/src/cmd/isulad/main.C. This issue affects iSulad: 2.0.18-13, from 2.1.4-1 through 2.1.4-2.

A local privilege escalation vulnerability exists in SevenCs ORCA G2 2.0.1.35 (EC2007 Kernel v5.22). The flaw is a Time-of-Check Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition in the license management logic. The regService process, which runs with SYSTEM privileges, creates a fixed directory and writes files without verifying whether the path is an NTFS reparse point. By exploiting this race condition, an attacker can replace the target directory with a junction pointing to a user-controlled path. This causes the SYSTEM-level process to drop binaries in a location fully controlled by the attacker, allowing arbitrary code execution with SYSTEM privileges. The vulnerability can be exploited by any standard user with only a single UAC confirmation, making it highly practical and dangerous in real-world environments.

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Graphics Component allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

A logged in user may elevate its permissions by abusing a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition. When a particular process flow is initiated, an attacker can exploit this condition to gain unauthorized elevated privileges on the affected system.

Firejail before 0.9.64.4 allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions because there is a TOCTOU race condition between a stat operation and an OverlayFS mount operation.

A vulnerability in Cisco IOS XR Software image verification checks could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the underlying operating system. This vulnerability is due to a time-of-check, time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition when an install query regarding an ISO image is performed during an install operation that uses an ISO image. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by modifying an ISO image and then carrying out install requests in parallel. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device.

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in NtQueryInformation Token function (ntifs.h) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

By exploiting a time of check to time of use (TOCTOU) race condition during the Endpoint Security for Linux Threat Prevention and Firewall (ENSL TP/FW) installation process, a local user can perform a privilege escalation attack to obtain administrator privileges for the purpose of executing arbitrary code through insecure use of predictable temporary file locations.

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows TCP/IP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

u'While processing SMCInvoke asynchronous message header, message count is modified leading to a TOCTOU race condition and lead to memory corruption' in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wired Infrastructure and Networking in IPQ6018, Kamorta, MDM9205, MDM9607, Nicobar, QCS404, QCS405, QCS605, QCS610, Rennell, SA415M, SA515M, SA6155P, SC7180, SC8180X, SDM670, SDM710, SDX24, SDX55, SM6150, SM7150, SM8150, SM8250, SXR1130, SXR2130

A time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the installation and uninstallation process of certain Zoom Clients for Windows could allow an authenticated local user to escalate privileges.

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.1, watchOS 9.2, iOS 16.2 and iPadOS 16.2, tvOS 16.2. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited against versions of iOS released before iOS 15.7.1.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched/psi: fix race between file release and pressure write A potential race condition exists between pressure write and cgroup file release regarding the priv member of struct kernfs_open_file, which triggers the uaf reported in [1]. Consider the following scenario involving execution on two separate CPUs: CPU0 CPU1 ==== ==== vfs_rmdir() kernfs_iop_rmdir() cgroup_rmdir() cgroup_kn_lock_live() cgroup_destroy_locked() cgroup_addrm_files() cgroup_rm_file() kernfs_remove_by_name() kernfs_remove_by_name_ns() vfs_write() __kernfs_remove() new_sync_write() kernfs_drain() kernfs_fop_write_iter() kernfs_drain_open_files() cgroup_file_write() kernfs_release_file() pressure_write() cgroup_file_release() ctx = of->priv; kfree(ctx); of->priv = NULL; cgroup_kn_unlock() cgroup_kn_lock_live() cgroup_get(cgrp) cgroup_kn_unlock() if (ctx->psi.trigger) // here, trigger uaf for ctx, that is of->priv The cgroup_rmdir() is protected by the cgroup_mutex, it also safeguards the memory deallocation of of->priv performed within cgroup_file_release(). However, the operations involving of->priv executed within pressure_write() are not entirely covered by the protection of cgroup_mutex. Consequently, if the code in pressure_write(), specifically the section handling the ctx variable executes after cgroup_file_release() has completed, a uaf vulnerability involving of->priv is triggered. Therefore, the issue can be resolved by extending the scope of the cgroup_mutex lock within pressure_write() to encompass all code paths involving of->priv, thereby properly synchronizing the race condition occurring between cgroup_file_release() and pressure_write(). And, if an live kn lock can be successfully acquired while executing the pressure write operation, it indicates that the cgroup deletion process has not yet reached its final stage; consequently, the priv pointer within open_file cannot be NULL. Therefore, the operation to retrieve the ctx value must be moved to a point *after* the live kn lock has been successfully acquired. In another situation, specifically after entering cgroup_kn_lock_live() but before acquiring cgroup_mutex, there exists a different class of race condition: CPU0: write memory.pressure CPU1: write cgroup.pressure=0 =========================== ============================= kernfs_fop_write_iter() kernfs_get_active_of(of) pressure_write() cgroup_kn_lock_live(memory.pressure) cgroup_tryget(cgrp) kernfs_break_active_protection(kn) ... blocks on cgroup_mutex cgroup_pressure_write() cgroup_kn_lock_live(cgroup.pressure) cgroup_file_show(memory.pressure, false) kernfs_show(false) kernfs_drain_open_files() cgroup_file_release(of) kfree(ctx) of->priv = NULL cgroup_kn_unlock() ... acquires cgroup_mutex ctx = of->priv; // may now be NULL if (ctx->psi.trigger) // NULL dereference Consequently, there is a possibility that of->priv is NULL, the pressure write needs to check for this. Now that the scope of the cgroup_mutex has been expanded, the original explicit cgroup_get/put operations are no longer necessary, this is because acquiring/releasing the live kn lock inherently executes a cgroup get/put operation. [1] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in pressure_write+0xa4/0x210 kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c:4011 Call Trace: pressure_write+0xa4/0x210 kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c:4011 cgroup_file_write+0x36f/0x790 kernel/cgroup/cgroup.c:43 ---truncated---

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Subsystem for Linux allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the `cap_set_file()` function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

A vulnerability exists in Trend Micro Maximum Security 2022 (17.7) wherein a low-privileged user can write a known malicious executable to a specific location and in the process of removal and restoral an attacker could replace an original folder with a mount point to an arbitrary location, allowing a escalation of privileges on an affected system.

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender for Endpoint allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

A vulnerability in the DLL loading mechanism of Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client for Windows could allow an authenticated, local attacker to perform a DLL hijacking attack on an affected device if the VPN Posture (HostScan) Module is installed on the AnyConnect client. This vulnerability is due to a race condition in the signature verification process for DLL files that are loaded on an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of crafted interprocess communication (IPC) messages to the AnyConnect process. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected device with SYSTEM privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid credentials on the Windows system.

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with system privileges.

A Time-of-Check Time-Of-Use vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One and Apex One as a Service agent could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations. Please note: an attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.

A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exists in the mkfifo utility of uutils coreutils. The utility creates a FIFO and then performs a path-based chmod to set permissions. A local attacker with write access to the parent directory can swap the newly created FIFO for a symbolic link between these two operations. This redirects the chmod call to an arbitrary file, potentially enabling privilege escalation if the utility is run with elevated privileges.

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

A race condition vulnerability was reported in Lenovo System Update prior to version 5.07.0106 that could allow escalation of privilege.

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Function Discovery Service (fdwsd.dll) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 contain a time-of-check-time-of-use vulnerability in approval-bound system.run execution where the cwd parameter is validated at approval time but resolved at execution time. Attackers can retarget a symlinked cwd between approval and execution to bypass command execution restrictions and execute arbitrary commands on node hosts.

VMware Fusion(13.x prior to 13.5) contains a TOCTOU (Time-of-check Time-of-use) vulnerability that occurs during installation for the first time (the user needs to drag or copy the application to a folder from the '.dmg' volume) or when installing an upgrade. A malicious actor with local non-administrative user privileges may exploit this vulnerability to escalate privileges to root on the system where Fusion is installed or being installed for the first time.

Avira Internet Security contains a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerability in the Optimizer component. A privileged service running as SYSTEM identifies directories for cleanup during a scan phase and subsequently deletes them during a separate cleanup phase without revalidating the target path. A local attacker can replace a previously scanned directory with a junction or reparse point before deletion occurs, causing the privileged process to delete an unintended system location. This may result in deletion of protected files or directories and can lead to local privilege escalation, denial of service, or system integrity compromise depending on the affected target.

A Race Condition Enabling Link Following vulnerability in the packaging of texlive-filesystem of SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15-SP1, SUSE Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12-SP4, SUSE Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12-SP5; openSUSE Leap 15.1 allows local users to corrupt files or potentially escalate privileges. This issue affects: SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15-SP1 texlive-filesystem versions prior to 2017.135-9.5.1. SUSE Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12-SP4 texlive-filesystem versions prior to 2013.74-16.5.1. SUSE Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12-SP5 texlive-filesystem versions prior to 2013.74-16.5.1. openSUSE Leap 15.1 texlive-filesystem versions prior to 2017.135-lp151.8.3.1.

A TOCTOU vulnerability exists in madCodeHook before 2020-07-16 that allows local attackers to elevate their privileges to SYSTEM. This occurs because path redirection can occur via vectors involving directory junctions.

In FreeBSD 12.1-STABLE before r363918, 12.1-RELEASE before p8, 11.4-STABLE before r363919, 11.4-RELEASE before p2, and 11.3-RELEASE before p12, the sendmsg system call in the compat32 subsystem on 64-bit platforms has a time-of-check to time-of-use vulnerability allowing a mailcious userspace program to modify control message headers after they were validation.

Windows Projected File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Memory Corruption when accessing shared buffers without validation of concurrent user-mode input modifications.

Memory Corruption when processing asynchronous input parameters due to improper handling of modified values between check and use.