xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) `DOMParser` and `XMLSerializer` module. In @xmldom/xmldom prior to versions 0.9.10 and 0.8.13 and xmldom version 0.6.0 and prior, seven recursive traversals in lib/dom.js operate without a depth limit. A sufficiently deeply nested DOM tree causes a RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded, crashing the application. This issue has been patched in versions @xmldom/xmldom versions 0.9.10 and 0.8.13.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. In versions below both 7.1.2-19 and 6.9.13-44, Magick frees the memory of the XML tree via the `DestroyXMLTree()` function; however, this process is executed recursively with no depth limit imposed. When Magick processes an XML file with deeply nested structures, it will exhaust the stack memory, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.9.13-44 and 7.1.2-19.

Loop with unreachable exit condition ('infinite loop') in .NET, .NET Framework, Visual Studio allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

SVGO, short for SVG Optimizer, is a Node.js library and command-line application for optimizing SVG files. From version 2.1.0 to before version 2.8.1, from version 3.0.0 to before version 3.3.3, and before version 4.0.1, SVGO accepts XML with custom entities, without guards against entity expansion or recursion. This can result in a small XML file (811 bytes) stalling the application and even crashing the Node.js process with JavaScript heap out of memory. This issue has been patched in versions 2.8.1, 3.3.3, and 4.0.1.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.

fast-xml-parser allows users to validate XML, parse XML to JS object, or build XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries and no callback. In versions 4.1.3 through 5.3.5, the XML parser can be forced to do an unlimited amount of entity expansion. With a very small XML input, it’s possible to make the parser spend seconds or even minutes processing a single request, effectively freezing the application. Version 5.3.6 fixes the issue. As a workaround, avoid using DOCTYPE parsing by `processEntities: false` option.

DBI versions before 1.648 for Perl saved errors in a limited-sized buffer. Error messages that were returned when RaiseError, PrintError or HandleError were set were written to a 200-byte buffer without a length limit. Attackers that can influence the error text in an application can trigger a buffer overflow.

A flaw was found in 389-ds-base. The get_ldapmessage_controls_ext() function in the LDAP server does not enforce an upper bound on the number of controls per LDAP message. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can send a specially crafted LDAP request containing hundreds of thousands of minimal controls within the default maximum BER message size (2 MB), causing excessive CPU consumption and heap allocation on the server. Under concurrent exploitation, this leads to significant latency degradation, worker thread starvation, or out-of-memory termination, resulting in a denial of service.

XML::LibXML versions through 2.0210 for Perl read out-of-bounds heap memory when parsing XML node names containing truncated UTF-8 byte sequences. A node name ending in the middle of a multi byte UTF-8 sequence causes the parser to read past the end of the input string into adjacent heap memory. Any Perl process that passes attacker controlled strings to XML::LibXML's DOM node-name methods can reach this path on the default API. The likely consequence is a crash, causing denial of service.

Use-after-free in the JavaScript Engine component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 150, Firefox ESR 115.35, Firefox ESR 140.10, Thunderbird 150, and Thunderbird 140.10.

In PHP versions 8.4.* before 8.4.21 and 8.5.* before 8.5.6, DOMNode::C14N() method may process the XML data incorrectly, causing a circular linked list in the data structure representing the XML document. This may cause subsequent processing of the XML document to enter infinite loop, causing denial of service in the processing application.

Multiple flaws have been identified in `named` related to the handling of DNS messages whose CLASS is not Internet (`IN`) — for example, `CHAOS` or `HESIOD`, or DNS messages that specify meta-classes (`ANY` or `NONE`) in the question section. Specially crafted requests reaching the affected code paths — recursion, dynamic updates (`UPDATE`), zone change notifications (`NOTIFY`), or processing of `IN`-specific record types in non-`IN` data — can cause assertion failures in `named`. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.50, 9.18.0 through 9.18.48, 9.20.0 through 9.20.22, 9.21.0 through 9.21.21, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.50-S1, 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.48-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.22-S1.

Undefined behavior may result due to a race condition leading to a use-after-free violation. If BIND receives an incoming DNS message signed with SIG(0), it begins work to validate that signature. If, during that validation, the "recursive-clients" limit is reached (as would occur during a query flood), and that same DNS message is discarded per the limit, there is a brief window of time while the SIG(0) validation may attempt to read the now-discarded DNS message. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.20.0 through 9.20.22, 9.21.0 through 9.21.21, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.22-S1. BIND 9 versions 9.18.28 through 9.18.49 and 9.18.28-S1 through 9.18.49-S1 are NOT affected.

vLLM versions >= 0.10.2 and < 0.13.0 are missing sparse tensor validation in multimodal embeddings processing. Because PyTorch disables sparse tensor invariant checks by default, an attacker can submit crafted embedding requests with malformed (negative or out-of-bounds) tensor indices, when the prompt-embeds feature is enabled, to trigger crashes or resource exhaustion (denial of service), with potential for out-of-bounds/write-what-where memory corruption. This continues CVE-2025-62164, whose prior fix only disabled the feature by default rather than addressing the root cause.

A buffer overflow in dnsmasq’s extract_addresses() function allows an attacker to trigger a heap out-of-bounds read and crash by exploiting a malformed DNS response, enabling extract_name() to advance the pointer past the record’s end.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, RedisArrayAggregator pre-allocates ArrayList with initial capacity equal to the RESP array element count declared in an array header. That count is taken from the wire before the corresponding child messages exist. A small malicious header can claim a huge initial capacity. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, Mistune is vulnerable to a CPU exhaustion DoS due to superlinear (approximately O(n²)) behavior in parse_link_text. When parsing Markdown containing many consecutive [ characters, parse_link_text repeatedly scans the input using a regex search inside a loop. Each iteration re-scans a large portion of the remaining string, resulting in quadratic-time behavior. An attacker-controlled Markdown input can therefore trigger excessive CPU usage with a very small payload. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.3.0.

Impact: A bad regular expression is generated any time you have multiple sequential optional groups (curly brace syntax), such as `{a}{b}{c}:z`. The generated regex grows exponentially with the number of groups, causing denial of service. Patches: Fixed in version 8.4.0. Workarounds: Limit the number of sequential optional groups in route patterns. Avoid passing user-controlled input as route patterns.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, the RedisArrayAggregator handler permanently leaks pooled direct-memory buffers when a Redis pipeline connection closes before a RESP array aggregate completes. The handler retains child messages in per-handler state (`depths` field) but defines no `channelInactive`, `handlerRemoved`, or `exceptionCaught` method to release them when the pipeline tears down. Because the leaked buffers are slices of `PooledByteBufAllocator` chunks, they prevent those chunks from being returned to the JVM-wide direct-memory pool. Repeated connection churn by any network peer monotonically drains this shared pool, eventually causing allocation failures on all Netty channels in the process. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-24, a missing check in the DCM decoder could result in an image with invalid dimensions and that could cause crashes in other operation. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-24.

In PHP versions 8.2.* before 8.2.31, 8.3.* before 8.3.31, 8.4.* before 8.4.21, and 8.5.* before 8.5.6, the metaphone() function in ext/standard/metaphone.c uses a signed int variable to track the current position within the input string. If a string longer than 2,147,483,647 bytes is passed, a signed integer overflow occurs, resulting in undefined behavior. This can lead to an out-of-bounds read, causing a segmentation fault or access to unrelated memory, and may affect the availability of the PHP process.

Envoy is an open source edge and service proxy designed for cloud-native applications. From 1.37.0 until 1.37.5 and 1.38.3, when the %REQUESTED_SERVER_NAME(X:Y)% is used in log format and host related options is specified, like HOST_FIRST, SNI_FIRST, it's possible to crash Envoy when the specified host header is missing in the request headers. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.37.5 and 1.38.3.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to version 4.2.15.Final, a memory exhaustion vulnerability in the Netty HTTP/3 codec allows the creation of an infinite number of blocked streams, which can cause OOM error. Version 4.2.15.Final patches the issue.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. In netty-codec-redis prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, an attacker can cause DoS by sending a crafted Redis payload with deeply nested arrays. This forces the server to allocate a massive number of state objects and collections, leading to memory exhaustion and an OutOfMemoryError. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: Canvas2D component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 115.34, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.

Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: Playback component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 115.34, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 7.1.2.23 and 6.9.13-48, a crafted MSL image can trigger a heap-use-after-free. Versions 7.1.2.23 and 6.9.13-48 fix the issue.

Incorrect boundary conditions in the Audio/Video: Web Codecs component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.

Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout: Text and Fonts component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 115.34, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.

A flaw was found in the mod_auth_openidc module for Apache httpd. This flaw allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to trigger a denial of service by sending an empty POST request when the OIDCPreservePost directive is enabled. The server crashes consistently, affecting availability.

Use-after-free in the DOM: Core & HTML component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 150, Firefox ESR 115.35, Firefox ESR 140.10, Thunderbird 150, and Thunderbird 140.10.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-23, when reading multiple images with different dimensions an out of bounds heap write can occur. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-48 and 7.1.2-23.

Versions of the package jsrsasign before 11.1.1 are vulnerable to Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types due to handling negative exponents in ext/jsbn2.js. An attacker can force the computation of incorrect modular inverses and break signature verification by calling modPow with a negative exponent.

A flaw was found in Keycloak. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted POST request with an excessively long scope parameter to the OpenID Connect (OIDC) token endpoint. This leads to high resource consumption and prolonged processing times, ultimately resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) for the Keycloak server.

iskorotkov/avro is a fast Go Avro codec. Prior to 2.33.0, several Avro decoder paths read attacker-controlled 64-bit values from the wire format and either narrowed them to platform-sized int before bounds-checking, or summed them with overflow-prone signed-int arithmetic. On 32-bit targets (GOARCH=386, arm, mips, wasm, etc.), the truncation paths can silently bypass byte-slice limits, select the wrong union branch, or hit the OCF negative-make panic via wrap. Three sub-issues are not 32-bit-specific: cumulative-size arithmetic overflow in arrayDecoder.Decode / mapDecoder.Decode / mapDecoderUnmarshaler.Decode (wraps at math.MaxInt64 on amd64 / arm64 and bypasses MaxSliceAllocSize / MaxMapAllocSize), math.MinInt negation in block-header handling, and make([]byte, size) with a negative size in OCF block reads — all three panic or bypass caps on any platform, giving an attacker a denial-of-service primitive there. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.33.0.

Versions of the package jsrsasign before 11.1.1 are vulnerable to Infinite loop via the bnModInverse function in ext/jsbn2.js when the BigInteger.modInverse implementation receives zero or negative inputs, allowing an attacker to hang the process permanently by supplying such crafted values (e.g., modInverse(0, m) or modInverse(-1, m)).

Incorrect boundary conditions, integer overflow in the Graphics component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 115.34, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.

In Eclipse Open9J versions 0.21 to 0.58, a pre-authentication remote attacker can crash JITServer by sending a 32-byte crafted TCP message.

Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. In versions of netty-transport-sctp prior to 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, for each non-complete SctpMessage fragment the handler does `fragments.put(streamId, Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(frag, byteBuf))`, wrapping the previous accumulator and the new slice into a *new* CompositeByteBuf every time. After N fragments the accumulator is an N-deep chain of composites, each holding references and component arrays; readableBytes()/getBytes() on the final buffer recurse N levels. There is no limit on N, on total bytes, or on the number of streamIdentifiers an attacker can open (each gets its own map entry). A peer that never sets the `complete` flag can grow this structure indefinitely from tiny 1-byte DATA chunks. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.5.6 and 8.0.2, protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while decoding nested protobuf data. This affected both skipping unknown group fields and generated decoding of nested message fields. A crafted protobuf binary payload could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during decoding. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.5.6 and 8.0.2.

Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: Canvas2D component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 115.34, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.

iskorotkov/avro is a fast Go Avro codec. Prior to 2.33.0, the Avro array and map decoders looped over an attacker-controlled block-count value without checking the underlying reader's error state inside the loop body. Reader.ReadBlockHeader returns the count as a Go int, which is 64-bit on amd64 / arm64 targets — so a producer can declare a block of up to math.MaxInt64 (~9.2 × 10¹⁸) elements followed by EOF (or any truncated payload), and the decoder will attempt that many no-op iterations before propagating the error. The realistic ceiling is "indefinite until the worker is killed externally" — a single hostile payload pins a CPU core until the process is OOM-killed, deadline-cancelled, or terminated. Remote, unauthenticated denial-of-service. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.33.0.

ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to versions 7.1.2.23 and 6.9.13-48, due to a missing check in the MIFF decoder, a crafted file could cause an infinite loop resulting in CPU exhaustion. Versions 7.1.2.23 and 6.9.13-48 fix the issue.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in ASP.NET Core allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.