Shadow mode tracing code uses a set of per-CPU variables to avoid cumbersome parameter passing. Some of these variables are written to with guest controlled data, of guest controllable size. That size can be larger than the variable, and bounding of the writes was missing.

[This CNA information record relates to multiple CVEs; the text explains which aspects/vulnerabilities correspond to which CVE.] Some Viridian hypercalls can specify a mask of vCPU IDs as an input, in one of three formats. Xen has boundary checking bugs with all three formats, which can cause out-of-bounds reads and writes while processing the inputs. * CVE-2025-58147. Hypercalls using the HV_VP_SET Sparse format can cause vpmask_set() to write out of bounds when converting the bitmap to Xen's format. * CVE-2025-58148. Hypercalls using any input format can cause send_ipi() to read d->vcpu[] out-of-bounds, and operate on a wild vCPU pointer.

The current setup of the quarantine page tables assumes that the quarantine domain (dom_io) has been initialized with an address width of DEFAULT_DOMAIN_ADDRESS_WIDTH (48) and hence 4 page table levels. However dom_io being a PV domain gets the AMD-Vi IOMMU page tables levels based on the maximum (hot pluggable) RAM address, and hence on systems with no RAM above the 512GB mark only 3 page-table levels are configured in the IOMMU. On systems without RAM above the 512GB boundary amd_iommu_quarantine_init() will setup page tables for the scratch page with 4 levels, while the IOMMU will be configured to use 3 levels only, resulting in the last page table directory (PDE) effectively becoming a page table entry (PTE), and hence a device in quarantine mode gaining write access to the page destined to be a PDE. Due to this page table level mismatch, the sink page the device gets read/write access to is no longer cleared between device assignment, possibly leading to data leaks.

[This CNA information record relates to multiple CVEs; the text explains which aspects/vulnerabilities correspond to which CVE.] libfsimage contains parsing code for several filesystems, most of them based on grub-legacy code. libfsimage is used by pygrub to inspect guest disks. Pygrub runs as the same user as the toolstack (root in a priviledged domain). At least one issue has been reported to the Xen Security Team that allows an attacker to trigger a stack buffer overflow in libfsimage. After further analisys the Xen Security Team is no longer confident in the suitability of libfsimage when run against guest controlled input with super user priviledges. In order to not affect current deployments that rely on pygrub patches are provided in the resolution section of the advisory that allow running pygrub in deprivileged mode. CVE-2023-4949 refers to the original issue in the upstream grub project ("An attacker with local access to a system (either through a disk or external drive) can present a modified XFS partition to grub-legacy in such a way to exploit a memory corruption in grub’s XFS file system implementation.") CVE-2023-34325 refers specifically to the vulnerabilities in Xen's copy of libfsimage, which is decended from a very old version of grub.

Heap buffer overflow issues were found in Opensc before version 0.22.0 in pkcs15-oberthur.c that could potentially crash programs using the library.

There is an Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the AOD module in smartphones. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service integrity.

A vulnerability was found in oatpp Oat++ up to 1.3.1. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function deserializeArray of the file src/oatpp/json/Deserializer.cpp. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Out-of-bounds vulnerability in slope processing during curve rendering in Generic PCL6 V4 Printer Driver / Generic UFR II V4 Printer Driver / Generic LIPSLX V4 Printer Driver.

Out-of-bounds vulnerability in curve segmentation processing of Generic PCL6 V4 Printer Driver / Generic UFR II V4 Printer Driver / Generic LIPSLX V4 Printer Driver.

SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP and ABAP Platform, versions - KRNL32NUC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, KRNL32UC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, KRNL64NUC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, 7.49, KRNL64UC 8.04, 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, 7.49, 7.53, KERNEL 8.04, 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, 7.49, 7.53, 7.77, 7.81, 7.84, allows an attacker to send overlong content in the RFC request type thereby crashing the corresponding work process because of memory corruption vulnerability. The work process will attempt to restart itself after the crash and hence the impact on the availability is low.

Tenda AC18 V15.03.05.19 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the cloneType parameter in the fromAdvSetMacMtuWan function.

There is an out of bounds write vulnerability in some Huawei products. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted data in the packet to the target device. Due to insufficient validation of message, successful exploit can cause certain service abnormal.Affected product versions include:CloudEngine 12800 versions V200R002C50SPC800,V200R003C00SPC810,V200R005C00SPC800,V200R005C10SPC800,V200R019C00SPC800,V200R019C10SPC800;CloudEngine 5800 versions V200R002C50SPC800,V200R003C00SPC810,V200R005C00SPC800,V200R005C10SPC800,V200R019C00SPC800,V200R019C10SPC800@;CloudEngine 6800 versions V200R002C50SPC800,V200R003C00SPC810,V200R005C00SPC800,V200R005C10SPC800,V200R005C20SPC800,V200R019C00SPC800,V200R019C10SPC800;CloudEngine 7800 versions V200R002C50SPC800,V200R003C00SPC810,V200R005C00SPC800,V200R005C10SPC800,V200R019C00SPC800,V200R019C10SPC800.

A vulnerability in the implementation of the system login block-for command for Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a login process to unexpectedly restart, causing a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to a logic error in the implementation of the system login block-for command when an attack is detected and acted upon. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by performing a brute-force login attack on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a login process to reload, which could result in a delay during authentication to the affected device.

There is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in some Huawei Smartphone, Successful exploit of this vulnerability can cause process exceptions during updating.

Out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in FUJIFILM Business Innovation MFPs. A specially crafted IPP (Internet Printing Protocol) or LPD (Line Printer Daemon) packet may cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition on an affected MFP. Resetting the MFP is required to recover from the denial-of-service (DoS) condition.

A flaw was found in AMQ Broker. This issue can cause a partial interruption to the availability of AMQ Broker via an Out of memory (OOM) condition. This flaw allows an attacker to partially disrupt availability to the broker through a sustained attack of maliciously crafted messages. The highest threat from this vulnerability is system availability.

An unauthenticated remote attacker could exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability in the device causing a denial of service that affects only the network initializing wizard (Conftool) service.

In Bender/ebee Charge Controllers in multiple versions a long URL could lead to webserver crash. The URL is used as input of an sprintf to a stack variable.

An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the http-gatekeeper (http-gk) of Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a Denial-of-Service (DoS). If an SRX Series device is configured for remote-access VPN with pre-logon compliance check, a network-based attacker sending specifically formatted requests can trigger an out of bounds write leading to an http-gk process crash. This crash leads to unavailability of all services depending on the [ system services web-management ] configuration (like J-Web, remote access VPN and firewall authentication) until the process automatically restarts. This issue affects Junos OS on SRX Series: * 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S7, * 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S8, * 24.2 versions before 24.2R2-S4, * 24.4 versions before 24.4R2-S4, * 25.2 versions before 25.2R2, * 25.4 versions before 25.4R1-S1, 25.4R2.

A heap overflow issue was found in Redis in versions before 5.0.10, before 6.0.9 and before 6.2.0 when using a heap allocator other than jemalloc or glibc's malloc, leading to potential out of bound write or process crash. Effectively this flaw does not affect the vast majority of users, who use jemalloc or glibc malloc.

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in FortiWeb 6.3.0 through 6.3.7 and version before 6.2.4 may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash the httpd daemon thread by sending a request with a crafted cookie header.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: usb-audio: Stop parsing channels bits when all channels are found. If a usb audio device sets more bits than the amount of channels it could write outside of the map array.

A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function dnxhd_init_rc of the file libavcodec/dnxhdenc.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been rated as problematic. This issue affects the function ff_init_buffer_info of the file utils.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be initiated remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function intra_pred of the file libavcodec/hevcpred_template.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launched remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected by this issue is the function decode_slice_header. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be launched remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0 and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function get_siz of the file libavcodec/jpeg2000dec.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be initiated remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. This affects the function decode_pulses. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. This affects the function add_yblock of the file libavcodec/snow.h. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability has been found in FFmpeg 2.0 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function decode_hextile of the file libavcodec/vmnc.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be initiated remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in FFmpeg 2.0. This affects the function decode_nal_unit of the component Slice Segment Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component HEVC Video Decoder. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launched remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is the function shorten_decode_frame of the component Bitstream Buffer. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in FFmpeg 2.0. This affects the function decode_vol_header of the file libavcodec/mpeg4videodec.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected by this issue is the function output_frame of the file libavcodec/h264.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be launched remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0 and classified as problematic. This issue affects the function cmv_process_header. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be initiated remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function decode_slice_header of the file libavcodec/h64.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack may be launched remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability was found in FFmpeg 2.0. It has been declared as problematic. Affected by this vulnerability is the function truemotion1_decode_header of the component Truemotion1 Handler. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. The attack can be launched remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in FFmpeg 2.0. Affected is the function vorbis_header of the file libavformat/oggparsevorbis.c. The manipulation leads to memory corruption. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

An issue was discovered in the DBI module before 1.628 for Perl. Stack corruption occurs when a user-defined function requires a non-trivial amount of memory and the Perl stack gets reallocated.

An issue was discovered in the Secure Boot component in Samsung Mobile Processor and Wearable Processor Exynos 9820, 9825, 980, 990, 850, 1080, 1280, 2200, 1330, 1380, 1480, 2400. The lack of a length check leads to out-of-bounds writes.

Tenda FH1206 v02.03.01.35 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the page parameter in the fromVirtualSer function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: cachestat: fix two shmem bugs When cachestat on shmem races with swapping and invalidation, there are two possible bugs: 1) A swapin error can have resulted in a poisoned swap entry in the shmem inode's xarray. Calling get_shadow_from_swap_cache() on it will result in an out-of-bounds access to swapper_spaces[]. Validate the entry with non_swap_entry() before going further. 2) When we find a valid swap entry in the shmem's inode, the shadow entry in the swapcache might not exist yet: swap IO is still in progress and we're before __remove_mapping; swapin, invalidation, or swapoff have removed the shadow from swapcache after we saw the shmem swap entry. This will send a NULL to workingset_test_recent(). The latter purely operates on pointer bits, so it won't crash - node 0, memcg ID 0, eviction timestamp 0, etc. are all valid inputs - but it's a bogus test. In theory that could result in a false "recently evicted" count. Such a false positive wouldn't be the end of the world. But for code clarity and (future) robustness, be explicit about this case. Bail on get_shadow_from_swap_cache() returning NULL.

A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC HMI Comfort Panels 1st Generation (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V16 Update 4), SIMATIC HMI KTP Mobile Panels (All versions < V16 Update 4). Specially crafted packets sent to port 161/udp can cause the SNMP service of affected devices to crash. A manual restart of the device is required to resume operation of the service.

Stack buffer overflow issues were found in Opensc before version 0.22.0 in various places that could potentially crash programs using the library.

In PyTorch before 2.7.0, bitwise_right_shift produces incorrect output for certain out-of-bounds values of the "other" argument.

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Samsung Open Source escargot JavaScript engine allows Overflow Buffers. However, it occurs in the test code and does not include in the release. This issue affects escargot: 4.0.0.

A Segmentation Fault issue discovered in Samsung Open Source Escargot JavaScript engine allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via crafted input. This issue affects Escargot: 4.0.0.

MapServer is a system for developing web-based GIS applications. Starting in version 4.2 and prior to version 8.6.1, a heap-buffer-overflow write in MapServer’s SLD (Styled Layer Descriptor) parser lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker crash the MapServer process by sending a crafted SLD with more than 100 Threshold elements inside a ColorMap/Categorize structure (commonly reachable via WMS GetMap with SLD_BODY). Version 8.6.1 patches the issue.