cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.23.0, incoming requests using Transfer-Encoding: chunked in the header can allocate memory arbitrarily in the server, potentially leading to its exhaustion. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.23.0. NOTE: This vulnerability is related to CVE-2025-53628.

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.37.1, when a cpp-httplib client uses the streaming API (httplib::stream::Get, httplib::stream::Post, etc.), the library calls std::stoull() directly on the Content-Length header value received from the server with no input validation and no exception handling. std::stoull throws std::invalid_argument for non-numeric strings and std::out_of_range for values exceeding ULLONG_MAX. Since nothing catches these exceptions, the C++ runtime calls std::terminate(), which kills the process with SIGABRT. Any server the client connects to — including servers reached via HTTP redirects, third-party APIs, or man-in-the-middle positions can crash the client application with a single HTTP response. No authentication is required. No interaction from the end user is required. The crash is deterministic and immediate. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.37.1.

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.35.0, cpp-httplib (httplib.h) does not enforce Server::set_payload_max_length() on the decompressed request body when using HandlerWithContentReader (streaming ContentReader) with Content-Encoding: gzip (or other supported encodings). A small compressed payload can expand beyond the configured payload limit and be processed by the application, enabling a payload size limit bypass and potential denial of service (CPU/memory exhaustion). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.35.0.

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.44.0, When the server has called Server::set_trusted_proxies() with a non-empty trusted-proxy list, an attacker can send an HTTP request that includes an X-Forwarded-For header whose value parses to no valid IP segments. The code path then executes get_client_ip(), which calls front() on an empty std::vector—undefined behavior in C++. On typical implementations this manifests as abnormal process termination (denial of service). With Sanitizers enabled, you get an explicit runtime diagnostic. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.44.0.

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to version 0.30.1, a Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability exists in cpp-httplib due to the unsafe handling of compressed HTTP request bodies (Content-Encoding: gzip, br, etc.). The library validates the payload_max_length against the compressed data size received from the network, but does not limit the size of the decompressed data stored in memory.

cpp-httplib is a C++ header-only HTTP/HTTPS server and client library. Prior to version 0.20.1, the library fails to enforce configured size limits on incoming request bodies when `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` is used or when no `Content-Length` header is provided. A remote attacker can send a chunked request without the terminating zero-length chunk, causing uncontrolled memory allocation on the server. This leads to potential exhaustion of system memory and results in a server crash or unresponsiveness. Version 0.20.1 fixes the issue by enforcing limits during parsing. If the limit is exceeded at any point during reading, the connection is terminated immediately. A short-term workaround through a Reverse Proxy is available. If updating the library immediately is not feasible, deploy a reverse proxy (e.g., Nginx, HAProxy) in front of the `cpp-httplib` application. Configure the proxy to enforce maximum request body size limits, thereby stopping excessively large requests before they reach the vulnerable library code.

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. In version 0.21.0, when many http headers fields are passed in, the library does not limit the number of headers, and the memory associated with the headers will not be released when the connection is disconnected. This leads to potential exhaustion of system memory and results in a server crash or unresponsiveness. Version 0.22.0 contains a patch for the issue.

cpp-httplib is a C++11 single-file header-only cross platform HTTP/HTTPS library. Prior to 0.20.1, cpp-httplib does not have a limit for a unique line, permitting an attacker to explore this to allocate memory arbitrarily. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.20.1. NOTE: This vulnerability is related to CVE-2025-53629.

A vulnerability in the email scanning algorithm of Cisco AsyncOS software for Cisco Email Security Appliance (ESA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to perform a denial of service (DoS) attack against an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of incoming emails. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted email through Cisco ESA. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to exhaust all the available CPU resources on an affected device for an extended period of time, preventing other emails from being processed and resulting in a DoS condition.

A vulnerability in the software-based SSL/TLS message handler of Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause an affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of SSL/TLS messages when the device performs software-based SSL/TLS decryption. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted SSL/TLS message to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Note: Datagram TLS (DTLS) messages cannot be used to exploit this vulnerability.

The Zone Controller service in the Zoom On-Premise Meeting Connector Controller before version 4.6.358.20210205 does not verify the cnt field sent in incoming network packets, which leads to exhaustion of resources and system crash.

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Windows and Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause a denial of service by loading a misconfigured model. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to denial of service.

Multiple vulnerabilities in the Cisco ATA 190 Series Analog Telephone Adapter Software could allow an attacker to perform a command injection attack resulting in remote code execution or cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.

Multiple Phoenix Contact PLCnext control devices in versions prior to 2021.0.5 LTS are prone to a DoS attack through special crafted JSON requests.

In WAGO I/O-Check Service in multiple products an unauthenticated remote attacker can send a specially crafted packet containing OS commands to provoke a denial of service.

Allocation of resources without limits or throttling vulnerability in Progress Software MOVEit Automation allows Flooding. This issue affects MOVEit Automation: before 2025.0.11, from 2025.1.0 before 2025.1.7.

Rockwell Automation MicroLogix 1100, all versions, allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker sending specially crafted commands to cause the PLC to fault when the controller is switched to RUN mode, which results in a denial-of-service condition. If successfully exploited, this vulnerability will cause the controller to fault whenever the controller is switched to RUN mode.

In multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions an unauthorized, remote attacker may use a improper input validation vulnerability to read from invalid addresses leading to a denial of service.

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser only wraps the request body in a BoundedIO when CONTENT_LENGTH is present. When a multipart/form-data request is sent without a Content-Length header, such as with HTTP chunked transfer encoding, multipart parsing continues until end-of-stream with no total size limit. For file parts, the uploaded body is written directly to a temporary file on disk rather than being constrained by the buffered in-memory upload limit. An unauthenticated attacker can therefore stream an arbitrarily large multipart file upload and consume unbounded disk space. This results in a denial of service condition for Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.

SSH servers which implement file transfer protocols are vulnerable to a denial of service attack from clients which complete the key exchange slowly, or not at all, causing pending content to be read into memory, but never transmitted.

Pexip Infinity before 26 allows remote denial of service because of missing RTMP input validation.

Octobox is software for managing GitHub notifications. Prior to pull request (PR) 2807, a user of the system can provide a specifically crafted search query string that will trigger a ReDoS vulnerability. This issue is fixed in PR 2807.

A denial of service vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed an unauthenticated attacker to cause service disruption by sending crafted requests with deeply nested JSON payloads to an unauthenticated API endpoint. The endpoint parsed user-controlled JSON request bodies without size or depth limits, causing excessive CPU and memory consumption. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.21 and was fixed in versions 3.20.2, 3.19.6, 3.18.9, 3.17.15, and 3.16.18. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.

Data can be copied without validation in the built-in web server in Moxa NPort IAW5000A-I/O series firmware version 2.2 or earlier, which may allow a remote attacker to cause denial-of-service conditions.

In archive/zip in Go before 1.15.13 and 1.16.x before 1.16.5, a crafted file count (in an archive's header) can cause a NewReader or OpenReader panic.

An issue was discovered on Samsung mobile devices with N(7.0) software. The time service (aka Timaservice) allows a kernel panic. The Samsung ID is SVE-2017-8593 (May 2017).

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in HTTP/2 of Apache Traffic Server allows an attacker to DOS the server. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server 7.0.0 to 7.1.12, 8.0.0 to 8.1.1, 9.0.0 to 9.0.1.

Cilium is a networking, observability, and security solution with an eBPF-based dataplane. A denial of service vulnerability affects versions 1.14.0 through 1.14.7, 1.15.0 through 1.15.11, and 1.16.0 through 1.16.4. In a Kubernetes cluster where Cilium is configured to proxy DNS traffic, an attacker can crash Cilium agents by sending a crafted DNS response to workloads from outside the cluster. For traffic that is allowed but without using DNS-based policy, the dataplane will continue to pass traffic as configured at the time of the DoS. For workloads that have DNS-based policy configured, existing connections may continue to operate, and new connections made without relying on DNS resolution may continue to be established, but new connections which rely on DNS resolution may be disrupted. Any configuration changes that affect the impacted agent may not be applied until the agent is able to restart. This issue is fixed in Cilium v1.14.18, v1.15.12, and v1.16.5. No known workarounds are available.

Phoenix Contact Classic Line Controllers ILC1x0 and ILC1x1 in all versions/variants are affected by a Denial-of-Service vulnerability. The communication protocols and device access do not feature authentication measures. Remote attackers can use specially crafted IP packets to cause a denial of service on the PLC's network communication module. A successful attack stops all network communication. To restore the network connectivity the device needs to be restarted. The automation task is not affected.

An issue was discovered in Pillow before 6.2.0. When reading specially crafted invalid image files, the library can either allocate very large amounts of memory or take an extremely long period of time to process the image.

Redis is an open source, in-memory database that persists on disk. In versions starting at 2.6 and prior to 7.4.3, An unauthenticated client can cause unlimited growth of output buffers, until the server runs out of memory or is killed. By default, the Redis configuration does not limit the output buffer of normal clients (see client-output-buffer-limit). Therefore, the output buffer can grow unlimitedly over time. As a result, the service is exhausted and the memory is unavailable. When password authentication is enabled on the Redis server, but no password is provided, the client can still cause the output buffer to grow from "NOAUTH" responses until the system will run out of memory. This issue has been patched in version 7.4.3. An additional workaround to mitigate this problem without patching the redis-server executable is to block access to prevent unauthenticated users from connecting to Redis. This can be done in different ways. Either using network access control tools like firewalls, iptables, security groups, etc, or enabling TLS and requiring users to authenticate using client side certificates.

An issue in the BLOBcmp component of MonetDB Server v11.45.17 and v11.46.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via crafted SQL statements.

An issue was discovered in glFTPd 2.11a that allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via exceeding the connection limit.

Pexip Infinity 25.x before 25.4 has Improper Input Validation, and thus an unauthenticated remote attacker can cause a denial of service via the administrative web interface.

OpenClaw before 2026.3.22 contains an unbounded memory allocation vulnerability in remote media HTTP error handling that allows attackers to trigger excessive memory consumption. Attackers can send crafted HTTP error responses with large bodies to remote media endpoints, causing the application to allocate unbounded memory before failure handling occurs.

In Puma before versions 3.12.2 and 4.3.1, a poorly-behaved client could use keepalive requests to monopolize Puma's reactor and create a denial of service attack. If more keepalive connections to Puma are opened than there are threads available, additional connections will wait permanently if the attacker sends requests frequently enough. This vulnerability is patched in Puma 4.3.1 and 3.12.2.

Saleor is an e-commerce platform. From 2.0.0 to before 3.23.0a3, 3.22.47, 3.21.54, and 3.20.118, a malicious actor can include many GraphQL mutations or queries in a single API call using aliases or chaining multiple mutations, resulting in resource exhaustion. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.23.0a3, 3.22.47, 3.21.54, and 3.20.118.

A TCP client can perform a TLS handshake and present the server name extension with a server name that is accepted by a server wildcard name, e.g. if the server is configured with a certificate accepting *.example.com, any XYZ.example.com where xyz is a valid name can be used.

An Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Packet Forwarding Engine manager (FXPC) process of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending specific DHCPv6 packets to the device and crashing the FXPC service. Continued receipt and processing of this specific packet will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue affects only the following platforms in ACX Series: ACX500, ACX1000, ACX1100, ACX2100, ACX2200, ACX4000, ACX5048, ACX5096 devices. Other ACX platforms are not affected from this issue. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on ACX500, ACX1000, ACX1100, ACX2100, ACX2200, ACX4000, ACX5048, ACX5096: 18.4 version 18.4R3-S7 and later versions prior to 18.4R3-S8. This issue does not affect: Juniper Networks Junos OS 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R3-S7 on ACX500, ACX1000, ACX1100, ACX2100, ACX2200, ACX4000, ACX5048, ACX5096.

libp2p-rust is the official rust language Implementation of the libp2p networking stack. Prior to 0.17.1, libp2p-rendezvous server has no limit on how many namespaces a single peer can register. A malicious peer can just keep registering unique namespaces in a loop and the server happily accepts every single one allocating memory for each registration with no pushback. Keep doing this long enough (or with multiple sybil peers) and the server process gets OOM killed. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.17.1.

Mesop is a Python-based UI framework that allows users to build web applications. From version 1.2.3 to before version 1.2.5, an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability exists in the WebSocket implementation of the Mesop framework. An unauthenticated attacker can send a rapid succession of WebSocket messages, forcing the server to spawn an unbounded number of operating system threads. This leads to thread exhaustion and Out of Memory (OOM) errors, causing a complete Denial of Service (DoS) for any application built on the framework. This issue has been patched in version 1.2.5.

Other issue in the Networking: DNS component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 150 and Thunderbird 150.

An issue was discovered in the parse_duration crate through 2021-03-18 for Rust. It allows attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption) via a duration string with a large exponent.

Allocation of resources without limits in the parsing components in Amazon Athena ODBC driver before 2.1.0.0 might allow a threat actor to cause a denial of service by delivering crafted input that triggers excessive resource consumption during the driver's parsing operations. To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 2.1.0.0.

Multiple flaws have been identified in `named` related to the handling of DNS messages whose CLASS is not Internet (`IN`) — for example, `CHAOS` or `HESIOD`, or DNS messages that specify meta-classes (`ANY` or `NONE`) in the question section. Specially crafted requests reaching the affected code paths — recursion, dynamic updates (`UPDATE`), zone change notifications (`NOTIFY`), or processing of `IN`-specific record types in non-`IN` data — can cause assertion failures in `named`. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.11.0 through 9.16.50, 9.18.0 through 9.18.48, 9.20.0 through 9.20.22, 9.21.0 through 9.21.21, 9.11.3-S1 through 9.16.50-S1, 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.48-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.22-S1.

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21, and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser#handle_mime_head parses quoted multipart parameters such as Content-Disposition: form-data; name="..." using repeated String#index searches combined with String#slice! prefix deletion. For escape-heavy quoted values, this causes super-linear processing. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted multipart/form-data request containing many parts with long backslash-escaped parameter values to trigger excessive CPU usage during multipart parsing. This results in a denial of service condition in Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6.

Schule is open-source school management system software. Prior to version 1.0.1, the file forgot_password.php (or equivalent endpoint responsible for email-based OTP generation) lacks proper rate limiting controls, allowing attackers to abuse the OTP request functionality. This vulnerability can be exploited to send an excessive number of OTP emails, leading to potential denial-of-service (DoS) conditions or facilitating user harassment through email flooding. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.

Strawberry GraphQL is a library for creating GraphQL APIs. Prior to 0.312.3, Strawberry GraphQL's WebSocket subscription handlers for both the graphql-transport-ws and legacy graphql-ws protocols allocate an asyncio.Task and associated Operation object for every incoming subscribe message without enforcing any limit on the number of active subscriptions per connection. An unauthenticated attacker can open a single WebSocket connection, send connection_init, and then flood subscribe messages with unique IDs. Each message unconditionally spawns a new asyncio.Task and async generator, causing linear memory growth and event loop saturation. This leads to server degradation or an OOM crash. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.312.3.

IBM Secure External Authentication Server 2.4.3.2, 6.0.1, 6.0.2 and IBM Secure Proxy 3.4.3.2, 6.0.1, 6.0.2 could allow a remote user to consume resources causing a denial of service due to a resource leak.

NVIDIA NeMo framework for Ubuntu contains a vulnerability in tools/asr_webapp where an attacker may cause an allocation of resources without limits or throttling. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to a server-side denial of service.