HTTP and MIME header parsing can allocate large amounts of memory, even when parsing small inputs, potentially leading to a denial of service. Certain unusual patterns of input data can cause the common function used to parse HTTP and MIME headers to allocate substantially more memory than required to hold the parsed headers. An attacker can exploit this behavior to cause an HTTP server to allocate large amounts of memory from a small request, potentially leading to memory exhaustion and a denial of service. With fix, header parsing now correctly allocates only the memory required to hold parsed headers.

This High severity DoS (Denial of Service) vulnerability was introduced in version 5.6.0 of Confluence Data Center and Server. With a CVSS Score of 7.5, this vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to cause a resource to be unavailable for its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a vulnerable host (Confluence instance) connected to a network, which has no impact to confidentiality, no impact to integrity, high impact to availability, and requires no user interaction. Atlassian recommends that Confluence Data Center and Server customers upgrade to latest version, if you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions: Confluence Data Center and Server 7.19: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 7.19.14 Confluence Data Center and Server 8.5: Upgrade to a release greater than or equal to 8.5.1 Confluence Data Center and Server 8.6 or above: No need to upgrade, you're already on a patched version See the release notes (https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-release-notes-327.html ). You can download the latest version of Confluence Data Center and Server from the download center (https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/download-archives ]). This vulnerability was reported via our Bug Bounty program.

In Progress® Telerik® UI for AJAX prior to 2026.1.421, RadAsyncUpload contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows file uploads to exceed the configured maximum size due to missing cumulative size enforcement during chunk reassembly, leading to disk space exhaustion.

Passport-SAML is a SAML 2.0 authentication provider for Passport, the Node.js authentication library. Prior to version 3.1.0, a malicious SAML payload can require transforms that consume significant system resources to process, thereby resulting in reduced or denied service. This would be an effective way to perform a denial-of-service attack. This has been resolved in version 3.1.0. The resolution is to limit the number of allowable transforms to 2.

OctoRPKI does not limit the depth of a certificate chain, allowing for a CA to create children in an ad-hoc fashion, thereby making tree traversal never end.

An attacker with network access to an affected product may cause a denial of service condition by breaking the real-time synchronization (IRT) of the affected installation.

Pivotal RabbitMQ, versions 3.7.x prior to 3.7.21 and 3.8.x prior to 3.8.1, and RabbitMQ for Pivotal Platform, 1.16.x versions prior to 1.16.7 and 1.17.x versions prior to 1.17.4, contain a web management plugin that is vulnerable to a denial of service attack. The "X-Reason" HTTP Header can be leveraged to insert a malicious Erlang format string that will expand and consume the heap, resulting in the server crashing.

In OpenBMC 2.9, crafted IPMI messages allow an attacker to cause a denial of service to the BMC via the netipmid (IPMI lan+) interface.

Switcher Client is a JavaScript SDK to work with Switcher API which is cloud-based Feature Flag. Unsanitized input flows into Strategy match operation (EXIST), where it is used to build a regular expression. This may result in a Regular expression Denial of Service attack (reDOS). This issue has been patched in version 3.1.4. As a workaround, avoid using Strategy settings that use REGEX in conjunction with EXIST and NOT_EXIST operations.

Microsoft Defender Denial of Service Vulnerability

OctoRPKI does not limit the length of a connection, allowing for a slowloris DOS attack to take place which makes OctoRPKI wait forever. Specifically, the repository that OctoRPKI sends HTTP requests to will keep the connection open for a day before a response is returned, but does keep drip feeding new bytes to keep the connection alive.

Apprise is an open source library which allows you to send a notification to almost all of the most popular notification services available. In affected versions users who use Apprise granting them access to the IFTTT plugin (which just comes out of the box) are subject to a denial of service attack on an inefficient regular expression. The vulnerable regular expression is [here](https://github.com/caronc/apprise/blob/0007eade20934ddef0aba38b8f1aad980cfff253/apprise/plugins/NotifyIFTTT.py#L356-L359). The problem has been patched in release version 0.9.5.1. Users who are unable to upgrade are advised to remove `apprise/plugins/NotifyIFTTT.py` to eliminate the service.

A ReDoS based DoS vulnerability in the GlobalID <1.0.1 which could allow an attacker supplying a carefully crafted input can cause the regular expression engine to take an unexpected amount of time. All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

basic-ftp is an FTP client for Node.js. Prior to 5.3.1, basic-ftp is vulnerable to client-side denial of service when parsing FTP control-channel multiline responses. A malicious or compromised FTP server can send an unterminated multiline response during the initial FTP banner phase, before authentication. The client keeps appending attacker-controlled data into FtpContext._partialResponse and repeatedly reparses the accumulated buffer without enforcing a maximum control response size. As a result, an application using basic-ftp can remain stuck in connect() while memory and CPU usage grow under attacker-controlled input. This can lead to process-level denial of service, container OOM kills, worker restarts, queue backlog, or service degradation in applications that automatically connect to FTP endpoints. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.3.1.

A flaw was found in Undertow. A buffer leak on the incoming WebSocket PONG message may lead to memory exhaustion. This flaw allows an attacker to cause a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is availability.

The Snappy frame decoder function doesn't restrict the chunk length which may lead to excessive memory usage. Beside this it also may buffer reserved skippable chunks until the whole chunk was received which may lead to excessive memory usage as well. This vulnerability can be triggered by supplying malicious input that decompresses to a very big size (via a network stream or a file) or by sending a huge skippable chunk.

The Bzip2 decompression decoder function doesn't allow setting size restrictions on the decompressed output data (which affects the allocation size used during decompression). All users of Bzip2Decoder are affected. The malicious input can trigger an OOME and so a DoS attack

Hash collision attack vulnerability in Jenkins before 1.447, Jenkins LTS before 1.424.2, and Jenkins Enterprise by CloudBees 1.424.x before 1.424.2.1 and 1.400.x before 1.400.0.11 could allow remote attackers to cause a considerable CPU load, aka "the Hash DoS attack."

A denial-of-service issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in tvOS 16.3.2, iOS 16.3.1 and iPadOS 16.3.1, watchOS 9.3.1, macOS Ventura 13.2.1. Processing a maliciously crafted certificate may lead to a denial-of-service.

The Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) implementation in Cisco IOS 12.0, 12.2 through 12.4, and 15.0 through 15.2 and IOS XE 2.1.x through 2.6.x and 3.1.xS through 3.4.xS before 3.4.1S and 3.1.xSG and 3.2.xSG before 3.2.2SG allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device reload) via encapsulated IGMP data in an MSDP packet, aka Bug ID CSCtr28857.

Mercedes-Benz XENTRY Retail Data Storage 7.8.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device restart) via an unauthenticated API request. The attacker must be on the same network as the device.

A flaw was found in python. An improperly handled HTTP response in the HTTP client code of python may allow a remote attacker, who controls the HTTP server, to make the client script enter an infinite loop, consuming CPU time. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.

jsx-slack is a library for building JSON objects for Slack Block Kit surfaces from JSX. In versions prior to 4.5.1 users are vulnerable to a regular expression denial-of-service (ReDoS) attack. If attacker can put a lot of JSX elements into `<blockquote>` tag, an internal regular expression for escaping characters may consume an excessive amount of computing resources. jsx-slack v4.5.1 has patched to a regex for escaping blockquote characters. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible.

A memory leak vulnerability in the of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) to the device by sending specific commands from a peered BGP host and having those BGP states delivered to the vulnerable device. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS: 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R2-S4, 18.1R3-S1; 18.1X75 all versions. Versions before 18.1R1 are not affected.

Cerberus FTP server 1.0 - 1.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via a large number of "PASV" requests.

regcomp in the BSD implementation of libc is vulnerable to denial of service due to stack exhaustion.

axios is vulnerable to Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) is a suite of open source Python modules, data sets, and tutorials supporting research and development in Natural Language Processing. Versions prior to 3.6.5 are vulnerable to regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) attacks. The vulnerability is present in PunktSentenceTokenizer, sent_tokenize and word_tokenize. Any users of this class, or these two functions, are vulnerable to the ReDoS attack. In short, a specifically crafted long input to any of these vulnerable functions will cause them to take a significant amount of execution time. If your program relies on any of the vulnerable functions for tokenizing unpredictable user input, then we would strongly recommend upgrading to a version of NLTK without the vulnerability. For users unable to upgrade the execution time can be bounded by limiting the maximum length of an input to any of the vulnerable functions. Our recommendation is to implement such a limit.

A regular expression based DoS vulnerability in Action Dispatch <6.0.6.1,< 6.1.7.1, and <7.0.4.1. Specially crafted cookies, in combination with a specially crafted X_FORWARDED_HOST header can cause the regular expression engine to enter a state of catastrophic backtracking. This can cause the process to use large amounts of CPU and memory, leading to a possible DoS vulnerability All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

There is a Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Huawei Smartphone.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to Screen projection application denial of service.

A vulnerability was found in the libreswan library. This security issue occurs when an IKEv1 Aggressive Mode packet is received with only unacceptable crypto algorithms, and the response packet is not sent with a zero responder SPI. When a subsequent packet is received where the sender reuses the libreswan responder SPI as its own initiator SPI, the pluto daemon state machine crashes. No remote code execution is possible. This CVE exists because of a CVE-2023-30570 security regression for libreswan package in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2.

Mattermost versions 11.6.x <= 11.6.0, 11.5.x <= 11.5.3, 11.4.x <= 11.4.4, 10.11.x <= 10.11.14 fail to enforce request body size limits on plugin HTTP endpoints which allows an attacker to cause a denial of service via crafted oversized HTTP requests.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00646

A regular expression based DoS vulnerability in Active Support <6.1.7.1 and <7.0.4.1. A specially crafted string passed to the underscore method can cause the regular expression engine to enter a state of catastrophic backtracking. This can cause the process to use large amounts of CPU and memory, leading to a possible DoS vulnerability.

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows Flooding. The SOCKS5 transport in src/hackney_socks5.erl correctly applies the caller-supplied timeout to the SOCKS5 negotiation phase, but then upgrades the connection to TLS using the two-argument form ssl:connect/2, which defaults to an infinite timeout. The Timeout value is in scope at the call site but is not forwarded. A hostile SOCKS5 proxy that completes the SOCKS5 handshake normally and then goes silent (or sends a partial TLS ServerHello and stalls) will cause the connecting process to block indefinitely, regardless of the connect_timeout or recv_timeout options supplied by the caller. This issue affects hackney: from 0.10.0 before 4.0.1.

The Rockwell Automation Kinetix 5700 DC Bus Power Supply Series A is vulnerable to CIP fuzzing.  The new ENIP connections cannot be established if impacted by this vulnerability,  which prohibits operational capabilities of the device resulting in a denial-of-service attack.

A regular expression based DoS vulnerability in Action Dispatch <6.1.7.1 and <7.0.4.1 related to the If-None-Match header. A specially crafted HTTP If-None-Match header can cause the regular expression engine to enter a state of catastrophic backtracking, when on a version of Ruby below 3.2.0. This can cause the process to use large amounts of CPU and memory, leading to a possible DoS vulnerability All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

A ReDoS (regular expression denial of service) flaw was found in the Segment is-email package before 1.0.1 for Node.js. An attacker that is able to provide crafted input to the isEmail(input) function may cause an application to consume an excessive amount of CPU.

In Moodle, the file repository's URL parsing required additional recursion handling to mitigate the risk of recursion denial of service.

Impact: A bad regular expression is generated any time you have multiple sequential optional groups (curly brace syntax), such as `{a}{b}{c}:z`. The generated regex grows exponentially with the number of groups, causing denial of service. Patches: Fixed in version 8.4.0. Workarounds: Limit the number of sequential optional groups in route patterns. Avoid passing user-controlled input as route patterns.

Denial-of-service in the Libraries component in NSS. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149 and Thunderbird 149.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows Flooding. The WebSocket client in src/hackney_ws.erl imposes no upper bound on memory consumption in three code paths. First, read_handshake_response/3 accumulates received bytes into a growing buffer with no size cap; the per-receive timeout resets on every chunk, so a server that streams bytes without ever sending \r\n\r\n causes the buffer to grow until memory is exhausted. Second, parse_payload/9 and parse_active_payload/8 do not validate the declared frame payload length against any limit; because RFC 6455 allows payload lengths up to 2^63-1 bytes, a server that announces a very large frame and dribbles bytes causes the accumulation buffer to grow until OOM. Third, the frag_buffer field in #ws_data{} accumulates continuation frames indefinitely; a server that sends an endless stream of non-final (nofin) fragmented frames without ever sending a final (fin) frame grows frag_buffer without bound. In all three cases the attacker only needs to control the WebSocket server the hackney client connects to, with no authentication or special client configuration required. This issue affects hackney: from 2.0.0 before 4.0.1.

go-unixfs is an implementation of a unix-like filesystem on top of an ipld merkledag. Trying to read malformed HAMT sharded directories can cause panics and virtual memory leaks. If you are reading untrusted user input, an attacker can then trigger a panic. This is caused by bogus `fanout` parameter in the HAMT directory nodes. Users are advised to upgrade to version 0.4.3 to resolve this issue. Users unable to upgrade should not feed untrusted user data to the decoding functions.

Denial-of-service in the WebRTC: Signaling component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 149, Firefox ESR 140.9, Thunderbird 149, and Thunderbird 140.9.

Dell PowerScale nodes A200, A2000, H400, H500, H600, H5600, F800, F810 integrated hardware management software contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability. This may allow an unauthenticated network host to impair built-in hardware management functionality and trigger OneFS data protection mechanism causing a denial of service.

Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows Flooding. hackney_h3:await_response_loop/6 accumulates the HTTP/3 response body in memory without any size cap. The after Timeout clause is a per-message inactivity timer that resets on every received chunk, housekeeping message, or settings frame — it is not a wall-clock deadline. A malicious HTTP/3 server that emits one small chunk every Timeout - 1 ms with Fin = false and never sends a final frame keeps the loop alive indefinitely while the accumulation buffer grows linearly without bound, eventually exhausting the BEAM process heap and causing an out-of-memory condition. This issue affects hackney: from 2.0.0 before 4.0.1.

A uncontrolled resource consumption in Fortinet FortiWeb version 6.4.0, version 6.3.15 and below, 6.2.5 and below allows attacker to cause a denial of service for webserver daemon via crafted HTTP requests

A vulnerability has been found in PowerDNS Authoritative Server before versions 4.1.10, 4.0.8 allowing an authorized user to cause the server to exit by inserting a crafted record in a MASTER type zone under their control. The issue is due to the fact that the Authoritative Server will exit when it runs into a parsing error while looking up the NS/A/AAAA records it is about to use for an outgoing notify.

github.com/ipfs/go-unixfsnode is an ADL IPLD prime node that wraps go-codec-dagpb's implementation of protobuf to enable pathing. In versions priot to 1.5.2 trying to read malformed HAMT sharded directories can cause panics and virtual memory leaks. If you are reading untrusted user input, an attacker can then trigger a panic. This is caused by bogus fanout parameter in the HAMT directory nodes. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

bird-lg-go is a BIRD looking glass in Go. Prior to 1.4.5, the apiHandler (and similarly webHandlerTelegramBot) processes user-provided JSON payloads by directly using json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&request) without restricting the maximum read size. An unauthenticated remote attacker can stream an extremely large, endless JSON payload (e.g., several Gigabytes of padding) over a single TCP connection. Because Go's JSON decoder attempts to allocate memory for the entire parsed structure, this rapidly exhausts the host's physical RAM or container limits, leading to an unrecoverable fatal error: runtime: out of memory. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.5.

A denial of service vulnerability exists when .NET Framework and .NET Core improperly process RegEx strings, aka '.NET Framework and .NET Core Denial of Service Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-0980, CVE-2019-0981.